新辅助化疗在晚期卵巢癌治疗中的应用

卵巢癌患者确诊时多数已属晚期,预后差,能否实现满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术与患者的预后密切相关。新辅助化疗可以提高肿瘤细胞减灭术达到满意缩瘤的几率,减少围手术期并发症的发生,提高患者的生活质量,与直接行肿瘤细胞减灭术相比患者的预后相似。新辅助化疗联合间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术的治疗方案可能更适合晚期卵巢癌患者。     

新辅助化疗在晚期卵巢上皮性癌综合治疗中的临床研究

目的探讨新辅助化疗(NACT)在晚期卵巢上皮性癌(卵巢癌)治疗中的临床意义。方法回顾性分析四川省肿瘤医院1999年1月至2008年12月收治的晚期卵巢癌(FIGOⅢ、Ⅳ期)患者161例,其中73例接受新辅助化疗+手术治疗+化疗(研究组),88例行初次肿瘤细胞减灭术+化疗(传统组)。结果研究组肿瘤手术切除率(即理想减瘤率)77.1%,传统组为56.8%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.012)。研究组术中失血量、术中输血量、术中补液量、腹水量和手术时间与传统组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组平均无进展生存期(PFS)和总体生存期(OS)分别为22.7(7～63.5)个月和33.5(13.8～92.3)个月,传统组分别为21.7(4.3～61.2)个月和32.1(12.4～114.9)个月,两组比较差异无统计学意义(分别为P=0.082和P=0.293)。研究组和传统组5年生存率分别为17.8%和11.4%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.503)。结论行新辅助化疗+手术治疗+化疗治疗晚期卵巢上皮性癌的PFS、OS与仅行初次肿瘤细胞减灭术+化疗相似,但前者能明显提高肿瘤的手术切除率、减少术中出血量,同时并没有增加手术的并发症。     

新辅助化疗联合间隔肿瘤细胞减灭术对晚期卵巢癌耐药性和生存时间的影响及耐药性影响因素分析

目的:分析新辅助化疗联合间隔肿瘤细胞减灭术(NACT-IDS)和初次肿瘤细胞减灭术(PDS)两种方法在治疗晚期上皮性卵巢癌时对其耐药性和生存时间的影响,并分析铂类耐药性的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2014年6月就诊我院的354例晚期(FIGOⅢC~Ⅳ期)上皮性卵巢癌患者。根据治疗方法不同分为NACT-IDS组173例和PDS组181例,术后均辅以铂类药物化疗。全部治疗结束后,比较NACT-IDS组及PDS组患者对铂类药物的敏感性,并通过Logistic回归对铂类耐药的单因素、多因素影响进行分析,利用Kplan-Meier方法进行生存分析。结果:至随访结束,PDS组有149例(82.3%)复发,NACT-IDS组有132例(76.3%)复发,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.162)。铂类耐药患者PDS组有26例(14.3%),NACT-IDS组有42例(24.3%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。对铂类耐药性作单因素分析发现治疗方法、FIGO分期、总化疗周期与铂耐药性有关(P0.05)。而多因素分析发现新辅助化疗不是影响铂耐药性的独立危险因素。NACT-IDS组与PDS组中位无病生存期(DFS)(13.5月vs 15.4月,P=0.475)、总生存期(OS)(51.7月vs 46.2月,P=0.147)比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论:NACT-IDS治疗晚期卵巢癌时增加了对铂类药物的耐药性,但对生存时间无明显影响。新辅助化疗不是铂类耐药性的独立危险因素。     

卵巢癌的初始与间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术相关问题

临床工作中对晚期卵巢癌患者施行新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NACT)的比例逐年增加.尽管基于现有的循证医学证据,晚期上皮性卵巢癌采用NACT联合间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术有着不低于初始肿瘤细胞减灭术的疗效,更低的术后病率,但目前对于卵巢癌NACT仍存在较多争议.新诊断的晚期卵巢癌患者治疗前需...     

中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术对晚期卵巢癌治疗的价值

1 目的 探讨中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术在晚期卵巢癌治疗中的价值。方法 将曾行肿瘤细胞减灭术的晚期上皮性卵巢癌患者按照术前是否化疗分为两组,即初次肿瘤细胞减灭术组和中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术组,进行回顾性分析,比较两组患者与预后有关的指标及生存情况。结果1990年1月～1998年12月,收治ⅢC期、Ⅳ期上皮性卵巢癌患者,并施行了肿瘤细胞减灭术者共71例。其中行初次肿瘤细胞减灭术者45例,行中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术者26例。两组患者除中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术组在术前给予2～4疗程化疗外,手术范围基本相同。中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术组期别晚、分级高,预后不良的组织病理类型所占比例高,但治疗结果两组间达到满意肿瘤细胞减灭术的比例无明显差别。追踪随访初次肿瘤细胞减灭术组,5年生存率40.60％;中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术组,5年生存率对30.72%(P>0.8)。结论 对术前估计难以达到满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术晚期卵巢癌患者,行中间性肿瘤细胞减灭术有可能提高生存率。     

晚期卵巢癌新辅助化疗研究进展

卵巢癌病变隐匿,具有早期扩散的生物学行为,且缺乏简便易行、特异的早期诊断方法,约70%的患者确诊时已属晚期(Ⅲ~Ⅳ期)[1]。目前标准治疗方案是以手术为主、辅以术后化疗、放疗和生物治疗的综合方案。晚期卵巢癌由于肿瘤细胞的广泛播散转移、病灶巨大固定以及邻近组织的严重浸润,相关报道显示仅有42%的患者能行满意的     

术前化疗对晚期卵巢癌预后的影响

目的：探讨术前化疗对晚期卵巢癌预后的影响。方法：将曾行肿瘤细胞减灭术上皮性卵巢癌患者按照术前是否化疗分为两组，进行回顾性分析，比较两组患者与预后有关的指标及生存情况。结果：1990年1月至1998年12月，收治ⅢC期、Ⅳ期上皮性卵巢癌患者，并施行肿瘤细胞减灭术者共71例，其中术前化疗组26例，术前未化疗组45例，两组患者手术范围基本相同，术前化疗组期别晚，分级高，预后不良的组织病理类型所占比例高，但治疗结果两组间达到满意肿瘤细胞减灭术的比例无明显差别，追踪随访术前化疗组及未化疗组，5年存活率分别为30．72％及40．60％（P＞0．05）。结论：对术前估计难以达到满意的肿瘤细胞减灭术的晚期卵巢癌患者，术前化疗有可能提高生存率。     

新辅助化疗在晚期卵巢上皮性癌中的应用现状

卵巢上皮性癌是死亡率最高的妇科恶性肿瘤.临床常用的治疗方案是理想的初次肿瘤细胞减灭术及术后辅以铂类+紫杉醇为基础的系统化疗.对晚期不能切除的卵巢癌,新辅助化疗能降低肿瘤负荷,提高手术切除的彻底性,是一种新的治疗策略.本文就新辅助化疗在卵巢癌治疗中的概念、目的、病例选择标准、术前选择新辅助化疗的评估方法、化疗方案、疗程、给药途径,疗效评价及临床价值等进行综述.     

新辅助化疗在晚期卵巢癌中的疗效评价

卵巢癌是目前复发率、病死率较高的妇科恶性肿瘤,特别是晚期卵巢癌,其中肿瘤细胞减灭术未能切除的大块残留病灶是导致患者术后化疗耐药、复发及预后不良的重要原因。近三十年的临床观察证实,新辅助化疗可缩小晚期卵巢癌原发灶及转移灶的体积,提高理想细胞减灭术的成功率,从而改善患者预后。近年临床观察发现,虽然新辅助化疗能提高部分晚期卵巢癌手术彻底性,但患者生存期并未得到有效延长。因此需要对新辅助化疗在晚期卵巢癌中的疗效及意义进行客观评价。     

Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) Followed by Surgical Cytoreduction in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Objectives

To study the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by surgical cytoreduction in the management of advanced epithelial ovarian cancers.

Methods

A prospective hospital based study of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancers (stage III and IV) was conducted at Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Ahmedabad during August 2008 to August 2010. Total 50 patients were treated with NACT followed by surgical cytoreduction and followed up till August 2010. Response to NACT, optimal cytoreduction rate and overall response rate were analyzed.

Results

There were 43 patients (86%) with stage III disease and 7 (14%) with stage IV disease. All patients were given NACT and after NACT, complete response occurred in 17 patients (34%), 27 (54%) had partial response. Optimal surgical cytoreduction could be achieved in 36(72%) of the patients. The median follow up was 19 months.

Conclusions

NACT followed by surgical cytoreduction is a promising treatment strategy for the management of advanced epithelial ovarian cancers.     

Comparison of Platinum-based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Primary Debulking Surgery in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Purpose

Ovarian cancer is the sixth common cancer in women in developed countries. In severe cases, the optimal debulking is necessary. In order to increase optimal debulking and reduce preoperative complications, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by debulking surgery, and then chemotherapy again is introduced as substitute for primary surgery. In this study, we aim to evaluate perioperative outcome after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin/paclyaxol in comparison with primary cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

Methods

In this prospective study, 60 patients with advanced ovarian cancer due to the disease severity were assigned into neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 30) or control (n = 30) groups. In neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, patients received three cycles of carboplatin (5–6 area under the curve) and paclitaxel (175 mg/m²) preoperatively followed by interval surgery. The control group received primary surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy. Preoperative outcome was compared between groups.

Results

Neoadjuvant group had significantly lower mean levels of CA 125 (p = 0.01) and less severe bleeding (p = 0.03) than control group. There was no significant difference between surgery time, preoperative complications, residual mass less than 1 cm, and hospital stay between groups. There was no mortality during the study.

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy caused less severe bleeding, but has no effect in decreasing complications after surgery; however, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery was not superior to primary debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy as a treatment option for patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma in this study.     

腹腔温热化疗在晚期卵巢癌中的临床应用

多数卵巢癌患者确诊时已属临床晚期,虽然经过理想的肿瘤细胞减灭术及以顺铂为基础的联合化疗,仍有部分患者出现复发、耐药。因此,晚期卵巢癌仍是当前女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤中引起死亡的主要原因。腹腔温热化疗（IPHC）是一项很有希望的治疗措施,为提高晚期、复发和耐药患者的生活质量,改善患者预后提供了一种方法。对IPHC的药物代谢动力学及其在晚期及复发与耐药卵巢癌中的可行性、有效性、安全性进行综述。     

新辅助化疗对晚期卵巢癌治疗应用价值的评估及多因素分析

目的:对晚期卵巢癌患者采用新辅助化疗的应用价值进行评估,及探讨新辅助化疗后间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术满意缩瘤的标准。方法:回顾性研究2005年1月1日至2010年12月31日在四川大学华西第二医院住院治疗的晚期卵巢癌患者339例。比较225例接受初始肿瘤细胞减灭术及术后行辅助化疗(PDS组)和114例新辅助化疗联合间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术(IDS组)患者的手术、围手术期并发症、无进展生存期(PFS)及总生存期(OS)。采用单因素和多因素分析晚期卵巢癌患者预后的独立因素,以及独立因素与晚期卵巢癌患者的临床及病理学特征与治疗方案选择间的关系。结果:1两组患者肿瘤细胞减灭术达到满意缩瘤的几率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但IDS组肿瘤细胞减灭术达到无肉眼残留病灶比例(39.47%)高于PDS组(27.56%)(P0.05)。2IDS组术中出血量更少、输血比例更小、手术范围更小、手术时间更短、住院时间更短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3两组的PFS和OS比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。多变量Cox回归分析结果患者肿瘤细胞减灭术后残留病灶大小(P0.001)、FIGO分期(P0.001)和年龄(P=0.003)是影响晚期卵巢癌患者OS的独立因素。4IDS组术后仅无肉眼残留病灶可提高患者的OS。FIGO分期与治疗方案选择间的关系有统计学意义(P=0.01),最大原发肿瘤直径与Ⅳ期卵巢癌患者治疗方案选择间的关系有统计学意义(P=0.07),通过STEPP分析,原发肿瘤直径的界值为8.6 cm。结论:新辅助化疗可以提高肿瘤细胞减灭术达到无肉眼残留的几率,缩小手术范围,减少围手术期并发症的发生,但不能提高患者的PFS和OS。新辅助化疗后间歇性肿瘤细胞减灭术中满意缩瘤的标准应为无肉眼残留病灶。患者的FIGO分期和最大原发肿瘤直径可能对晚期卵巢癌患者选择治疗方案提供帮助。     

三种化疗方案治疗晚期上皮性卵巢癌的疗效比较

目的 :确定治疗晚期上皮性卵巢癌的最佳一线化疗方案。方法 :回顾性分析 1992年 1月至 1999年 1月收治的晚期上皮性卵巢癌患者的治疗结果。对采用 PAM加 HMM(米法兰加六甲咪胺 )、PAC方案或 PC方案及 TP方案治疗的 92例患者的化疗疗效进行了比较。结果 :1TP方案的总有效率显著高于 PAM加 HMM(P<0 .0 5 ) ;2 TP方案的完全缓解率显著高于 PAM加 HMM和 PAC或 PC(P<0 .0 5 ) ;3TP方案的 2年无瘤存活率显著高于 PAM加 HMM和 PAC或 PC(P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :对晚期上皮性卵巢癌患者 ,TP方案效果优于 PAM加 HMM方案及 PAC和 PC方案 ,目前应作为首选一线方案     

The Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Treatment of Locally Advanced Carcinoma Cervix

Objective

A prospective cohort study in a teaching hospital to assess the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced carcinoma cervix.

Method

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the form of cisplatin 75 mg/m² and paclitaxel 135 mg/m² on day 1 and repeated at 14 days’ interval for up to a maximum of three courses.

Results

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer was effective in the downstaging of the disease. Downstaging was observed in 19.23 % of patients after two cycles and in 50 % of patients after three cycle of NACT. Operability increases to 33.3 and 38.4 % after two and three cycles of NACT, respectively. Complete pathological response was observed in 37.5 % of patients after NACT. No significant adverse effect in the feasibility of surgery was observed.

Conclusion

The present study showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy was an effective and well-tolerated mode of therapy with significantly less morbidity and mortality.     

新辅助化疗治疗宫颈癌31例临床观察

目的:探讨新辅助化疗在Ⅰb2~Ⅱb期宫颈癌辅助治疗中的临床效果。方法:31例宫颈癌患者,术前采用1~3个疗程的静脉化疗,之后全部行宫颈癌根治术。通过观察患者病灶大小的改变、化疗毒副反应、术中情况、术后病理反应等,评价新辅助化疗在宫颈癌治疗中的作用及安全性。结果:化疗有效率为87.1%,其中5例完全缓解。化疗效果与期别无关,而与病理类型有关,鳞癌的有效率明显高于腺癌(P<0.05)。化疗毒副反应轻微。所有患者化疗后均进行了广泛性子宫切除术及盆腔淋巴清扫术。结论:宫颈癌新辅助化疗是安全有效的。经过新辅助化疗,使某些局部晚期病例得以切除。     

Changes in serum CA-125 can predict optimal cytoreduction to no gross residual disease in patients with advanced stage ovarian cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Objective

To evaluate the predictive power of serum CA-125 changes in the management of patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery (NACT-IDS) for a new diagnosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC).

Methods

Using the Cancer Registry databases from our institutions, a retrospective review of patients with FIGO stage IIIC and IV EOC who were treated with platinum-based NACT-IDS between January 2006 and December 2009 was conducted. Demographic data, CA-125 levels, radiographic data, chemotherapy, and surgical-pathologic information were obtained. Continuous variables were evaluated by Student's t test or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.

Results

One hundred-three patients with stage IIIC or IV EOC met study criteria. Median number of neoadjuvant cycles was 3. Ninety-nine patients (96.1%) were optimally cytoreduced. Forty-seven patients (47.5%) had resection to no residual disease (NRD). The median CA-125 at diagnosis and before interval debulking was 1749 U/mL and 161 U/mL, respectively. Comparing patients with NRD v. optimal macroscopic disease (OMD), there was no statistical difference in the mean CA-125 at diagnosis (1566 U/mL v. 2077 U/mL, p = 0.1). There was a significant difference in the mean CA-125 prior to interval debulking, 92 v. 233 U/mL (p = 0.001). In the NRD group, 38 patients (80%) had preoperative CA-125 ≤ 100 U/mL compared to 33 patients (63.4%) in the OMD group (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Patients who undergo NACT-IDS achieve a high rate of optimal cytoreduction. In our series, after treatment with taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy, patients with a preoperative CA-125 of ≤ 100 U/mL were highly likely to be cytoreduced to no residual disease.     

Examining the Selection Criteria of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Patients

Objectives

To identify predictors of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and to examine toxicities, dose reduction, interruptions, and second-line chemotherapy