MRI对壶腹周围癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨胰胆管定量分析及"暗环征"对壶腹周围癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析41例胰头癌,20例胆总管下段癌及20例壶腹癌患者的MRI资料,定量分析胰胆管改变并比较各组间有无统计学差异,同时评价"暗环征"的出现情况。结果胰头癌的胰胆管汇合角(79.4±29.4)°、十二指肠主乳头至主胰管末端间距(2.19±1.29)cm均较大(P值均0.05)。"暗环征"多见于胰头癌(75.6%),少见于胆总管下段癌和壶腹癌(分别为0%和10%,P0.05)。结论胰胆管定量分析可用于鉴别胰头癌、胆总管下段癌及壶腹癌,"暗环征"可用于胰头癌和其它两种壶腹周围癌的鉴别。     

壶腹周围癌的CT诊断

目的：探讨壶腹周围癌的CT表现及其诊断价值。材料和方法：分别选取经手术和／或病理证实的壶腹周围癌23例，其中胆总管远端癌6例．胰头钩突癌(直径≤3cm)7例，壶腹癌8例．十二指肠乳头部癌12例．着重分析该部位肿瘤所共有CT直接与间接征象以及各种不同肿瘤的特征性CT表现．并与US，ERCP、PTC等影像技术进行比较．结果：壶腹周围癌的直接CT征象为胰头钩突区，胆总管远端或十二指肠乳头部的较组轵块影．显示率达91.3％．胰头钩突癌的特征性CT表现为扩张的胆总管与主胰管(双管征)间距增宽．胆总管远端癌则表现为扩张的胆总管内结节及肿块与胆总管间无界面。十二指肠乳头部癌与壶腹癌二者不易区别，十二指肠腔内缺损及合一的双管征则是典型表现．本组术前CT定性诊断符合率达86．9%．结论：运用CT检查诊断壶腹周围癌是有效而准确的方法。     

壶腹周围癌MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨MR及MRCP成像在壶腹周围癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的54例壶腹周围癌病人的MR平扫、增强及MRCP图像,对相关结果进行χ~2检验及两独立样本t检验,并与病理结果相对照.结果 胰头癌32例,7例(21.9%)表现为"四管征";胆总管下段癌16例,9例(56.3%)表现为"三管征".2种征象在胰头癌和胆总管下段癌中差异具有显著性(P<0.05).胰头癌MRI及术中测量肿块最大面积与胆总管直径之比也明显大于胆总管下段癌(P<0.05).结论 MRI和MRCP对壶腹周围癌的诊断具有重要价值.     

胰胆管十二指肠连接区小肿瘤的MRI表现

目的：探讨胰胆管十二指肠连接区（ PDDU）小肿瘤的MRI表现特点,进一步提高MRI诊断的准确性。方法对连接区22例经病理证实的小肿瘤MRI图像资料进行分析。结果MRI诊断PDDU小肿瘤22例（胰头癌11例,壶腹癌5例,胆总管下端癌4例,乳头绒毛管状腺癌以及导管内乳突状粘液瘤各1例）,主要表现为软组织肿块,十二指肠腔内充盈缺损,胆总管下段狭窄和肝内外胆管、胰管、胆总管扩张。结论 MRI能清晰显示PDDU小肿瘤的直接及间接征象并具有一定的特征性,是一种优良的无创伤性检查方法。     

3D LAVA技术结合MRCP对壶腹周围癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨三维多期动态增强扫描(3D LAVA)结合胰胆管水成像(MRCP)对壶腹周围癌的诊断价值。方法:对42例壶腹周围癌患者在常规MR扫描基础上行3D LAVA多期动态增强及MRCP扫描,对原始图像进行3D MIP及MPR重建后处理,观察病变的直接?间接征象。结果:42例肿瘤中定性准确率为88%(37/42);其中正确诊断胆总管下段癌5例,胰头癌20例,壶腹癌4例,十二指肠乳头癌5例;胆总管下段癌定位于壶腹癌1例,胰头癌定位于壶腹癌2例,定位准确率为92%(34/37)。1例胰头癌、1例壶腹癌漏诊,漏诊率5%(2/42);2例胰头癌、1例十二指肠乳头癌误诊为炎症,误诊率7%(3/42)。总体诊断符合率为81%(34/42)。两者结合直接征象显示率达93%(39/42)。另外3D LAVA直观显示6例直径小于2cm的早期壶腹周围癌。结论:3D LAVA多期动态增强扫描结合MRCP对壶腹周围癌及其鉴别特别是早期微小病变具有较高的诊断价值。     

壶腹周围癌的MR平扫、3D-LAVA技术及MRCP的综合征象评价

目的分析壶腹周围癌在磁共振平扫、三维多期动态增强扫描(3D-LAVA)及胰胆管水成像(MRCP)中的表现,利用3种磁共振检查方法,提高对不同类型壶腹周围癌的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的壶腹周围癌患者的磁共振检查表现,包括在MR平扫、3D-LAVA、3D-MRCP中病变的直接、间接征象及手术可切除性预测。结果不同组织类型病变均见不同程度上肝内外胆系扩张,胆总管末端突然"截断"呈长T1长T2信号,DWI(b=600)呈高信号,胰头癌病变较大,胆管下段癌及壶腹癌较小。3D-LAVA用以分析病变血供情况及与周围组织关系,胆总管下端癌、壶腹癌呈延迟强化,胰头癌呈强化不明显或弱的延迟强化,胰头癌均见肠系膜上静脉受侵。MRCP更好的观察胆胰管扩张情况,胆总管下端癌均见胆管扩张,胰管无扩张;胰头癌均呈"四管征"表现;壶腹癌呈长段伴行并呈聚拢的"双管征"。结论不同组织类型的壶腹周围癌在MR平扫、3D-LAVA及MRCP的征象有一定差异,综合分析3种检查征象有利于壶腹周围癌的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

早期胰头－壶腹区肿瘤的影像分析（附40例报告）

目的：探讨早期胰头－壶腹区癌的影像学表现及病理基础。材料与方法：分析４０例早期胰头－壶腹区癌的ＣＴ、十二指肠低张造影表现与超声比较。胰头癌１０例，胰腺段胆总管癌１５例，壶腹癌１５例。结果：ＣＴ检出胰头癌６例，胰腺段胆总管癌１１例，壶腹乳头癌９例，敏感性分别为６０％，７４％，６０％。超声检出胰头癌３例，敏感性４２％，１０例胰腺段胆总管癌和壶腹乳头癌超声未明确诊断。低张十二指肠造影检出壶腹癌１３例，敏感性８７‰。结论：ＣＴ和十二指肠低张造影检查为早期胰头壶腹区肿瘤的最佳影像学检查方法。     

早期胰头—壶腹区肿瘤的影像分析（附40例报告）

目的：探讨早期胰头－壶腹区癌的影像学表现及病理基础。材料与方法：分析４０例早期胰头－壶腹区癌的ＣＴ、十二指肠低张造影表现与超声比较。胰头癌１０例，胰腺段胆总管癌１５例，壶腹癌１５例。结果：ＣＴ检出胰头癌６例，胰腺段胆总管癌１１例，壶腹乳头癌９例，敏感性分别为６０％，７４％，６０％。超声检出胰关癌３例，敏感性４２％，１０例胰腺段胆总管癌和壶腹乳头癌超声未明确诊断。低张十二指肠造影检出壶腹癌１３例，敏     

保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹周围癌45例

壶腹周围癌包括胰头癌、壶腹癌、胆总管下段癌以及十二指肠乳头癌。传统的Whipple式胰十二指肠切除术(PD)存在着操作复杂、术后并发症多、病死率高的缺点。近年来，保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术(PPPD)已日益受到人们的重视。该术式保留了胃贮存和消化功能，有利于预防倾倒综合征及改善营养。1992～2002年，我院采用PPPD治疗壶腹周围癌45例，疗效较好。     

壶腹周围病变的影像学诊断

壶腹周围区是指Vater’s壶腹(胆胰壶腹)周围2 cm之内的区域[1,2],其结构包括胰腺头部、钩突部及胰管末端、Vater’s壶腹、十二指肠乳头和胆总管下段。Vater’s壶腹由胰胆共同管和十二指肠主乳头组成,周围环绕Oddi氏括约肌。壶腹部病变的种类可分为肿瘤及肿瘤样病变、炎症、先天性变异等(表1)。     

Pancreaticobiliary duct changes of periampullary carcinomas: quantitative analysis at MR imaging

Purpose

To quantitatively analyse the pancreaticobiliary duct changes of periampullary carcinomas with volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) and true fast imaging with steady-state precession (true FISP) sequence, and investigate the value of these findings in differentiation and preoperative evaluation.

Materials and methods

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 71 cases of periampullary carcinomas (34 cases of pancreatic head carcinoma, 16 cases of intrapancreatic bile duct carcinoma and 21 cases of ampullary carcinoma) confirmed histopathologically were analysed. The maximum diameter of the common bile duct (CBD) and main pancreatic duct (MPD), dilated pancreaticobiliary duct angle and the distance from the end of the proximal dilated pancreaticobiliary duct to the major papilla were measured. Analysis of variance and the Chi-squared test were performed.

Results

These findings showed significant differences among the three subtypes: the distance from the end of proximal dilated pancreaticobiliary duct to the major papilla and pancreaticobiliary duct angle. The distance and the pancreaticobiliary duct angle were least for ampullary carcinoma among the three subtypes. The percentage of dilated CBD was 94.1%, 93.8%, and 100% for pancreatic head carcinoma, intrapancreatic bile duct carcinoma and ampullary carcinoma, respectively. And that for the dilated MPD was 58.8%, 43.8%, and 42.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

Quantitative analysis of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system can provide accurate and objective assessment of the pancreaticobiliary duct changes. Although benefit in differential diagnosis is limited, these findings are valuable in preoperative evaluation for both radical resection and palliative surgery.     

Differential diagnosis of periampullary carcinomas at MR imaging.

Periampullary carcinomas arise within 2 cm of the major duodenal papilla and comprise carcinomas of the ampulla, distal common bile duct, pancreas, and duodenum. Their clinical features and anatomic locations are similar, as are the therapeutic approaches; however, their long-term outcomes vary. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 89 pathologically proved periampullary carcinomas (29 ampullary carcinomas, 27 distal common bile duct carcinomas, 21 pancreatic carcinomas, six duodenal carcinomas, and six unclassified carcinomas) were reviewed. Ampullary carcinoma manifests as a small mass, periductal thickening, or bulging of the duodenal papilla. Pancreatic carcinoma is characterized by a discrete parenchymal mass, which enhances poorly on dynamic gadolinium-enhanced images. Sometimes, two proximal and two distal pancreatic and biliary ducts appear as four separate ducts (the four-segment sign). Dilatation of side branches of the pancreatic ducts is frequently seen in pancreatic carcinoma but not in other periampullary carcinomas. Distal bile duct carcinoma manifests as luminal obliteration and wall thickening or as an intraductal polypoid mass. A dilated proximal bile duct, a nondilated distal bile duct, and a dilated or nondilated pancreatic duct may form the three-segment sign. MR cholangiopancreatography and sectional MR imaging are useful in determining the origins of periampullary carcinomas.     

壶腹癌螺旋CT表现与手术病理对照分析

目的探讨螺旋CT扫描对壶腹癌诊断和鉴别诊断的价值,进一步提高CT对壶腹癌诊断的准确性。方法回顾性分析我院经手术、病理证实的12例壶腹癌的螺旋CT图像。结果12例壶腹癌中有9例显示十二指肠乳头区充盈缺损,明显强化,12例有胰管扩张,8例有“双管征”,双管紧靠,11例扩张的胆总管长度环影数为7~9 cm。11例肝内胆管呈软滕状重度扩张,11例肝内、外胆管成比例扩张。结论螺旋CT扫描对壶腹癌的诊断具有较高的准确性。     

低张法CT检查胆胰管十二指肠连接区癌的效果分析

目的　探讨低张下薄层增强连续靶扫描对胆胰管十二指肠连接区癌的检查效果。方法　回顾分析 3 2例经手术病理证实的胆胰管十二指肠连接区癌的CT表现 ,其中胰头癌 15例、胆总管下端癌 12例、共同管或十二指肠乳头癌 5例 ,3 2例均经常规CT扫描 ,后行低张下病变局部薄层增强连续靶扫描 ,其中 2 2例CT扫描前口服碘造影剂 ,10例口服水。结果　采用低张法CT检查发现 :胰头区软组织肿块 2 9例、胆总管下端偏心性狭窄或有结节突起 16例、胆管扩张 15例、胰管扩张 9例、双管征 5例、十二指肠改变 12例、不强化或有轻度不规则强化 17例、明显强化 15例。采用常规法CT平扫检查发现以上征象分别是 :胰头区软组织肿块 10例、胆总管下端偏心性狭窄或有结节突起 9例、胆管扩张 13例、胰管扩张 4例、十二指肠改变 5例。结论　低张下CT薄层增强连续靶扫描是诊断胆胰管十二指肠连接区癌的可靠而有效的方法 ,以口服水代替含碘对比剂效果更好     

MRI结合MRCP对十二指肠乳头癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨十二指肠乳头癌的MRI和磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）表现及诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经病理组织学检查证实的26例十二指肠乳头癌的MRI及MRCP表现,分析乳头区病灶、胆管扩张形态、梗阻端形态以及胆管、胰管与十二指肠之间的关系。结果：26例十二指肠乳头癌显示乳头区肿块16例,肿块T1WI呈稍低或等信号,T2WI呈等或稍高信号。MRCP示＂双管征＂19例,胆管均呈＂软藤状＂扩张,轻度扩张4例,无扩张3例;梗阻端呈＂鸟嘴样＂狭窄11例,截然狭窄7例,倒杯口状狭窄3例,无明显梗阻5例。结论：MRI结合MRCP可作为十二指肠乳头癌的首选检查方法。     

磁共振胰胆管造影对梗阻性黄疸诊断价值

目的:探讨研究MRCP对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法:对43例经手术病理证实的结石、良性狭窄、壶腹癌、胰头癌、胆管癌的梗阻性黄疸患者进行MRCP检查。结果:结石11例,良性狭窄2例,先天性胆总管囊肿1例,壶腹癌5例,胰头癌7例,胆管癌15例,胆囊癌2例。MRCP能清晰地显示正常胰胆管树的结构,能直观显示胰胆管扩张和梗阻的部位、形态、范围,其检出率和定位率为100%,定性诊断率为98%。结论:MRCP对梗阻性黄疸定位、定性诊断准确,特别对结石的诊断,结合原始图像有特异性,能清楚显示梗阻部位、梗阻原因、病变形态、病变与周围关系及病变性质。     

壶腹周围癌的CT和MRI征象分析

目的：探讨ＣＴ和ＭＲ在壶腹周围癌检测中的应用价值。方法：对３７例经手术病理证实的壶腹周围癌进行回顾性分析,并就其ＣＴ和ＭＲ表现为２５例正常腹部ＣＴ资料作对照分析。结果：壶腹部肿块为壶腹周围癌的主要征象,肿块远端胰腺不同程度萎缩、稀疏,胰后脂肪间隙模糊,胆总管远端和胰管近端间距增宽,ＭＲＣＰ显示扩张胆总管远端呈“鼠尾”状改变等征象,部分壶腹癌不能明确显示肿块,但胆总管远端和胰管近端间距缩小,ＭＲＣＰ     

Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carcinoma of Vater's ampulla. Apropos of 9 cases

In ten patients where ampullary carcinoma was proved, ultrasonography has been performed in 9 cases and failed in 1 case. The results reported, could be put into two different groups. In 7 cases out of 9, sonogram did not show any specific signs: In 3 of these cases, it mimicked a pancreatic carcinoma; in the other 4 cases, dilatation of biliary and/or pancreatic ducts has only been evaluated. In the 2 remaining cases (20% of the 10 patients of the series) the diagnosis of ampullary carcinoma could be suggested on sonographic features. It showed the "double duct sign" and a bulging mass filling the lumen of the distal common bile duct. In one of these 2 cases, the mass was also detectable in the second duodenum, previously filled with water. Endoscopy with biopsy is the most reliable procedure in the diagnosis of ampullary carcinoma but the interest of ultrasonography is: 1 degree to show suggestive findings when the tumor bulges in the common bile duct and the duodenum; 2 degrees to evaluate the tumor extension in the pancreatic parenchyma.