脑室周围白质软化症合并痉挛型脑瘫患儿脑灰质体积与运动功能的相关性

目的探讨脑室周围白质软化症(PVL)合并痉挛型脑瘫患儿的灰质体积改变及其与运动功能的相关性。资料与方法回顾性收集2019年4月—2020年12月于遵义医科大学附属医院就诊的30例PVL合并痉挛型脑瘫患儿(研究组)及24名对照组儿童,进行3DT1结构像全脑扫描,并行粗大运动功能分级系统(GMFCS)及手功能分级系统(MACS)对PVL合并痉挛型脑瘫患儿进行运动功能评估。采用体素形态测量学方法比较两组灰质体积的差异,提取差异脑区灰质体积,以年龄作为协变量,与GMFCS及MACS分级进行偏相关分析。结果与对照组比较,研究组双侧(顶叶、丘脑、小脑)、右侧(额叶、壳核)灰质体积下降(P<0.05,FDR校正,t>3.2505);双侧丘脑、右侧小脑半球第6区及左内侧和旁扣带回灰质体积与GMFCS分级呈负相关(r=-0.668、-0.397、-0.414,P均<0.05);双侧丘脑、右侧壳核灰质体积与MACS分级呈负相关(r=-0.557、-0.630,P均<0.01)。结论PVL患儿双侧丘脑、右侧壳核、小脑及左侧扣带回灰质体积变化与运动功能相关,体素形态测量学技术可用于评估PVL患儿脑灰质体积的变化。     

采用自动处理流程对幼儿脑白质发育的DTI定量分析

摘要目的扩散张量成像(DTI)可以敏感地监测脑白质髓鞘形成的程度及状态。本研究以现成的DTI模板为感兴趣区(ROI),测量其各向异性(FA)值和平均扩散系数(MD)。方法使用1.5TMRI,共采集了26例正常儿童(新生儿到48个月的幼儿)的解剖MRI及结构DTI数据。     

MRI新技术在PVL患儿脑性视觉损伤中的应用

MRI新技术的发展为神经系统疾病的诊断提供了新方法,其中BOLD-fMRI和DTI可以分别对皮质功能及白质纤维结构进行研究,本文旨在介绍BOLD-fMRI和DTI在脑室旁白质软化症患儿脑性视觉损伤早期诊断方面的应用价值和意义.     

DTI在大脑髓质发育研究中的应用

脑白质纤维与大脑的发育和多种神经、精神疾病密切相关,磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)作为一种无创性显示活体脑白质微观变化的MRI技术,被广泛地应用于脑白质发育及其相关疾病的研究。就其原理及在脑白质发育和临床应用方面的研究成果予以综述。     

儿童脑室周围白质软化症的MR扩散张量成像研究

目的应用MR扩散张量成像对脑室周围白质软化症(PVL)患儿和正常婴幼儿进行比较。方法对15例正常志愿者和15例PVL患儿进行了扩散张量成像扫描,测量双侧内囊后肢、双侧视放射和胼胝体膝部、压部的部分各向异性(FA)值,并对结果进行统计学比较。结果对照组和PVL组的右侧内囊后肢的FA值分别为0682±0399和0555±0087、左侧内囊后肢的FA值分别为0673±0043和0557±0030,右侧和左侧视放射的FA值分别为0437±0675、0429±0052、0351±0051、0339±0064,胼胝体膝部、压部的FA值分别为0696±0579、0756±0454、0564±0080、0586±0100,差异均有统计学意义(P<001)。结论扩散张量成像能提示纤维束的髓鞘化过程的延迟,反映儿童发育中脑白质微观结构的改变,在PVL的随访观察中具有较大的潜力。     

脑白质疏松的扩散张量成像(DTI)研究

目的 应用扩散张量成像（DTI）检查脑白质疏松（LA）病灶的平均扩散系数（DCavg）、各向异性（FA）值与LA严重程度的关系,探讨常规MBI检查正常的脑白质微结构在DTI中的变化及与认知功能的关系。资料与方法 对55例LA患者和22名健康老年人行DTI检查,测量LA病灶和正常白质区域的DCavg、FA值。结果 LA程度越严重,DCavg值越高,呈正相关;FA值越低,呈负相关。神经心理学测试（简易智能精神状态量表,MMSE）与LA患者的正常脑白质区域的DCavg、FA值明显相关,尤其是前角白质、半卵圆中心的正常脑白质。结论 DTI检查LA,其DCavg、FA值显示出特征性的改变,DTI能够发现常规MRI检查正常的脑白质微结构改变,且这种改变与认知功能相关。     

抑郁症患者脑白质纤维的各向异性变化

目的：探讨MRI DWI上抑郁症患者脑白质纤维的各向异性特征。方法：对9例抑郁症患者以及与患者组年龄、性别相匹配的10例志愿者（对照组）行MR扩散张量成像（DTI）。记录额叶、颞叶、枕叶和胼胝体白质的各向异性分值（FA值）。结果：抑郁症患者左右额叶上中下部、左右颞叶、胼胝体压部的脑白质FA值均低于对照组,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论：抑郁症患者的额叶和颞叶的白质纤维束FA值比正常人低,而且左右侧不对称。     

~1H-MRS和DTI在脑胶质瘤中的应用

脑胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,磁共振波谱(MRS)和磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)检查可以获得肿瘤更进一步的功能代谢变化、肿瘤与其周边纤维束三维空间关系的相关信息,有助于胶质瘤定性诊断、术中导航、放射治疗、评价疗效及监测治疗后反应等。     

~1H-MRS和DTI在脑胶质瘤中的应用

由中华医学会放射学分会乳腺学组、江苏省医学会放射学分会联合主办的中华医学会放射学分会第五届全国乳腺影像学术会议、中国长江医学论坛-影像学与医学发展暨江苏省第十四次放射学学术会议将于2013年3月29日-31日在苏州举行。本届年会将邀请国内、外著名专家做专题讲座,并进行优秀论文交流,疑难病例讨论,数字乳腺影像诊断测评(work-shop)等多种形式的学术交流活动,使本次会议成为融学术交流、继续教育及新技术新产品展示为一体的学术会议。欢迎     

轻型创伤性脑损伤脑白质纤维束扩散张量成像研究

目的：使用3.0T 磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)技术观察轻型创伤性脑损伤(mTBI)患者脑白质纤维束的改变,探讨 DTI对 mTBI 的临床诊断价值。方法选取30例 mTBI 患者及30例健康对照者分别进行常规 CT、MRI 及 DTI 检查,分别测量 mTBI患者(急性期、亚急性期、伤后5周~3个月)和对照者的胼胝体膝部、压部、双侧内囊前后肢、扣带束、上纵束、下纵束的各向异性(FA)值、表观扩散系数(ADC)值,观察各测量值的变化规律。结果mTBI 患者部分脑白质纤维束区的 FA 值在急性期、亚急性期减低(P 均<0.05),伤后5周~3个月时仍低于对照者(P 均<0.05),但胼胝体膝部及压部的 FA 值在急性期不减低反而升高(P 均>0.05),此后呈逐渐减低趋势,并在外伤5周~3个月时略低于正常对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P 均>0.05)。急性期、亚急性期 mTBI 患者的 ADC 值低于正常对照组,并在外伤5周~3个月时接近或略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P 均>0.05)。结论DTI 对 mTBI 敏感性较高,能够准确显示白质纤维束的损伤情况并使其可视化,DTI 对 mTBI 的诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

创伤性脑白质损伤的扩散张量成像研究

目的:评价扩散张量成像(DTI)在创伤性脑白质损伤(WMI)中的应用价值。方法:16例创伤性脑外伤后经临床诊断有WMI的患者通过Philips 1.5TIntera Achieva MR扫描仪行常规MRI和DTI。后处理获得部分各向异性指数(FA)、表观弥散系数(ADC)和纤维示踪成像三维图。根据T2WI及T2快速场回波图像,分别于WMI区域、同侧同名或对侧同名纤维束正常区域取感兴趣区,测量FA值和ADC值并进行比较。结果:脑外伤患者损伤脑白质中挫伤和出血、仅挫伤和仅出血区域三者之间的FA值(F=0.68,P>0.05)和ADC值(F=0.53,P>0.05)均未见明显不同。除仅出血区域的ADC值与对照区域相比差异无统计学意义(t=1.36,P>0.05),挫伤和出血(t=9.72,P<0.05)、仅挫伤(t=8.28,P<0.05)和仅出血(t=5.44,P<0.05)区域的FA值较正常对照区域明显降低,挫伤和出血(t=4.71,P<0.05)、仅挫伤(t=4.81,P<0.05)的ADC值较正常对照明显增高,纤维示踪成像显示损伤区域脑白质较正常区域稀疏、分离、缺失。结论:DTI技术能够显示患者WMI区域的异常改变,但ADC值对出血的判断有局限性。     

Diffusion tensor eigenvector directional color imaging patterns in the evaluation of cerebral white matter tracts altered by tumor

PURPOSE: To categorize the varied appearances of tumor-altered white matter (WM) tracts on diffusion tensor eigenvector directional color maps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was obtained preoperatively in 13 patients with brain tumors ranging from benign to high-grade malignant, including primary and metastatic lesions, and maps of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and major eigenvector direction were generated. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn within identifiable WM tracts affected by tumor, avoiding grossly cystic and necrotic regions, known fiber crossings, and gray matter. Patterns of WM tract alteration were categorized on the basis of qualitative analysis of directional color maps and correlation analysis of ADC and FA. RESULTS: Four basic patterns of WM alteration were identified: 1) normal or nearly normal FA and ADC, with abnormal tract location or tensor directions attributable to bulk mass displacement, 2) moderately decreased FA and increased ADC with normal tract locations and tensor directions, 3) moderately decreased FA and increased ADC with abnormal tensor directions, and 4) near isotropy. FA and ADC were inversely correlated for Patterns 1-3 but did not discriminate edema from infiltrating tumor. However, in the absence of mass displacement, infiltrating tumor was found to produce tensor directional changes that were not observed with vasogenic edema, suggesting the possibility of discrimination on the basis of directional statistics. CONCLUSION: Tumor alteration of WM tracts tends to produce one of four patterns on FA and directional color maps. Clinical application of these patterns must await further study.     

Diffusion tensor imaging of forearm nerves in humans

Purpose:

To implement a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) protocol for visualization of peripheral nerves in human forearm.

Materials and Methods:

This Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant study was approved by our Institutional Review Board and written informed consent was obtained from 10 healthy participants. T₁‐ and T₂‐weighted turbo spin echo with fat saturation, short tau inversion recovery (STIR), and DTI sequences with 21 diffusion‐encoding directions were implemented to acquire images of the forearm nerves with an 8 channel knee coil on a 3T MRI scanner. Identification of the nerves was based on T₁‐weighted, T₂‐weighted, STIR, and DTI‐derived fractional anisotropy (FA) images. Maps of the DTI‐derived indices, FA, mean diffusivity (MD), longitudinal diffusivity (λ_//), and radial diffusivity (λ_?) along the length of the nerves were generated.

Results:

DTI‐derived maps delineated the forearm nerves more clearly than images acquired with other sequences. Only ulnar and median nerves were clearly visualized on the DTI‐derived FA maps. No significant differences were observed between the left and right forearms in any of the DTI‐derived measures. Significant variation in the DTI measures was observed along the length of the nerve. Significant differences in the DTI measures were also observed between the median and ulnar nerves.

Conclusion:

DTI is superior in visualizing the median and ulnar nerves in the human forearm. The normative data could potentially help distinguish normal from diseased nerves. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:920–927. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

     

Gray and white matter changes in Alzheimer's disease: a diffusion tensor imaging study

PURPOSE: To investigate microstructural changes in cortical and white matter pathways in patients with Alzheimer's disease using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measures of mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were compared in the brains of 13 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and a group of 13 aged-matched control participants employing an optimized DTI technique involving a fully automated, voxel-based morphometric (VBM) analysis. RESULTS: After rigorous control for anatomical variation and confounding partial volume effects, we found significantly elevated MD measures within the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial temporal, parietal, and frontal lobe gray matter regions in the AD participants. The largest number of pixels with increased MD was localized bilaterally, within the posterior cingulate gyrus. The FA was significantly reduced within the thalamus, parietal white matter, and posterior limbs of the internal capsule, indicating significant involvement of corticothalamic and thalamocortical radiations. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that rigorous VBM analysis of DTI data can be used to investigate microstructural changes in cortical, subcortical, and white matter regions in AD.     

Diffusion tensor imaging of the pediatric optic nerve: Intrinsic and extrinsic pathology compared to normal controls

Purpose:

To establish normative magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MRDTI) data in the pediatric optic nerve and compare to pathologic conditions both intrinsic and extrinsic to the anterior optic nerve pathway.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of MRDTI at 3.0T in children ages 0–18 with both normal imaging studies and with pathologic conditions either arising from the optic nerves or exerting mass effect on the anterior optic pathways was performed. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were obtained within the posterior part of the intraorbital optic nerves. Statistical analysis compared normal controls to optic pathway lesions.

Results:

Lesions intrinsic to the optic nerve including septo‐optic dysplasia and optic nerve glioma demonstrated statistically significant reductions in FA and increases in ADC values. There was no statistically significant difference in FA or mean diffusivity between the normal controls and patients with lesions extrinsic to the optic nerve but exerting mass effect on the visual pathway.

Conclusion:

MRDTI is a feasible technique for evaluating the optic nerves in pediatric patients. It may play a role in presurgical planning by demonstrating integrity of the visual pathway in patients with resectable lesions, allowing for minimization of morbidity associated with vision loss. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:76–81. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Potential of diffusion tensor MR imaging in the assessment of cognitive impairments in children with periventricular leukomalacia born preterm

Purpose

To investigate MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography (FT) in the assessment of altered major white matter fibers correlated with cognitive functions in preterm infants with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), to explore the neural foundation for PVL children's cognitive impairments.

Materials and methods

Forty six preterm infants (16 ± 4.7 months) suffered from PVL and 16 age-matched normal controls were recruited. Developmental quotient (DQ) was recorded to evaluate PVL children's cognitive functions. According to the DQ scores, patients were divided into three groups: mild, moderate and severe cognitive impairment groups. DTI scan was performed. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values of major white matter fibers were measured and their correlation with cognitive levels was evaluated.

Results

Compared with the control group, the PVL group showed a significant mean FA reduction in bilateral corticospinal tract (CST), anterior/posterior limb of internal capsule (ICAL/ICPL), arcuate fasciculus (AF), corona radiate (CR), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), splenium of corpus callosum (SCC) (p < 0.05) and bilateral posterior thalamic radiation (PTR) (p < 0.01). The FA values of left CST, bilateral AF, anterior cingulum (ACG), SLF, ICAL, ICPL, PTR, CR, genu of corpus callosum (GCC), SCC and middle cerebellar peduncle showed significant negative correlations with the cognitive levels.

Conclusions

DTI can provide more information for understanding the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in preterm infants with PVL.     

Serial quantitative diffusion tensor MRI of the premature brain: development in newborns with and without injury

PURPOSE: To determine the change over time of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and relative anisotropy of cerebral water in a cohort of premature newborns serially studied near birth and again near term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Newborns were classified as normal (N = 11), minimal white matter injury (N = 7), or moderate white matter injury (N = 5). RESULTS: ADC decreased significantly with age in all brain regions in newborns classified as normal and those with minimal white matter injury. ADC increased with age or failed to decline in widespread areas of white matter in newborns with moderate white matter injury. Anisotropy increased with age in all white matter regions in newborns classified as normal. Anisotropy did not increase in frontal white matter in those with minimal white matter injury, and in widespread white matter areas in those with moderate white matter injury. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that serial diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging scans of premature newborns can detect differences in white matter maturation in infants with and without white matter injury.