炎症性肠病的MRI进展

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一组病因不明的慢性炎症性肠病,包括克罗恩病（CD）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC）,常导致肠腔狭窄或穿透性肠损伤,其病程发展过程中需要经常评估疾病的活动性和并发症,以便制定正确的治疗方案。MRI软组织分辨力高,可以获得肠壁的动态信息,已应用于对IBD的检出、评估病变活动性、判断病变纤维化程度及鉴别CD与UC等。就MR小肠成像、扩散加权成像、动态增强MRI及磁化传递成像等在IBD中的应用进展予以综述。     

炎症性肠病的CT与MRI研究及进展

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种慢性炎症性疾病,包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn's disease,CD),临床表现为黏液脓血便、腹痛、腹泻、瘘管及肠道外病变等.UC最常累及直肠和乙状结肠,CD则以小肠、结肠和回肠末端...     

炎症性肠病的脑功能MRI研究进展

炎症性肠病(IBD)包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎。脑-肠轴可通过心理-神经-内分泌-免疫调节在IBD发生、发展中发挥重要作用,通过MRI来观察及研究IBD患者的脑结构及脑功能异常,特别是脑功能异常的观察,有利于更深层次地理解IBD的发病机制,并从神经方向寻找新的治疗方法可能有效减轻肠道炎症或缓解腹痛症状。     

细胞因子与炎症性肠病

炎症性肠病目前认为是由多因素相互作用所致,主要包括免疫、环境以及遗传等因素,而由活化的免疫细胞产生的细胞因子,在IBD发病机制中起的作用,越来越引起人们关注。本文对常见的促炎细胞因子、抗炎细胞因子及具有免疫调节活性的细胞因子进行综述。     

炎症性肠病研究新进展

炎症性肠病（IBD）指溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD）,该二种病均以慢性过程、自动复发、病因未明为其特征.西方国家发病率较高,国内发病有上升趋势,为此,中华医学会消化学会于1978（杭州）、1993（太原）和2000（成都）分别召开了炎症性肠病专项研讨会,对其病因、诊断和治疗的规范进行了讨论.     

细菌与炎症性肠病

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种病因尚不明确的慢性非特异性肠道炎症性疾病,包括溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD）。此病可能的病因有由基因决定的宿主易患性、肠道细菌的作用、自身免疫、环境因素等。肠道细菌的感染因素作为一种主要病因,虽尚未被证实,但已有许多研究表明,细菌是IBD的促发因素。近年的研究表明,     

炎症性肠病的US评估

钡灌肠与内窥镜是克隆氏病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的传统研究方法,但它只能评估肠粘膜表面病灶。目前的US能见到肠壁增厚和分层。作者以US检查36例CD和28例UC,年龄13～70岁。病例均经钡检和内窥镜活检证实诊断,另有50例无肠病者作对照。检查者事前不知病情。采用3.5MHz弯曲线阵扫描器。无需特殊准备如空腹、注射造影剂或注水入肠内。病人取仰卧位,全腹均作纵和横切面扫描,全部检查需15分钟。肠壁超过4mm则考虑为病理性,注明部位、长度和壁分层。其他病理发现如肠袋消失,蠕动减弱和可压性减小,US发现与钡检和内窥镜检查比较。为确定     

微生物感染与炎症性肠病相关流行病学及临床研究进展

炎症性肠病（IBD）包括溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD）,近年来发病率呈上升趋势。虽然发病机制尚不明确,但已知肠道黏膜免疫系统异常是该病发病的重要因素,微生物感染因素在其发生和发展中亦起着一定作用。虽然尚未找到某一特异微生物病原感染与IBD有恒定关系,     

炎症性肠病的CT小肠造影诊断

正炎症性肠病是一组病因不明的肠道慢性非特异性炎症性疾病,包括克罗恩病与溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)。在亚洲,炎症性肠病发病率及患病率均低于西方国家,然而相对欧洲国家较稳定的发病率而言,近年来该病在亚洲呈明显的增长趋势~([1])。随着环境卫生、工业化、饮食习惯的改变及抗生素滥用等,该病在我国发病率越来越高,已成为常见消化系     

MRI in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects ≈1.4 million people in North America and, because of its typical early age of onset and episodic disease course, IBD patients often undergo numerous imaging studies over the course of their lifetimes. Computed tomography (CT) has become the standard imaging modality for assessment of IBD patients because of its widespread availability, rapid image acquisition, and ability to evaluate intraluminal and extraluminal disease. However, repetitive CT imaging has been associated with a significant ionizing radiation risk to patients, making MRI an appealing alternative IBD imaging modality. Pelvic MRI is currently the imaging gold standard for detecting perianal disease, while recent studies indicate that MRI bowel-directed techniques (enteroclysis, enterography, colonography) can accurately evaluate bowel inflammation in IBD. With recent technical innovations leading to faster and higher resolution body MRI, the role of MRI in IBD evaluation is likely to continue to expand. Future applications include surveillance imaging, detection of mural fibrosis, and early assessment of therapy response.     

Small bowel imaging of inflammatory bowel disease

The study of the small bowel (SB) has always been challenging both for clinicians and radiologist. It is a long and tortuous tube that can be affected by various pathologies whose signs and symptoms are usually non specific and can mimic other acute abdominal disorders. For these reasons, imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis of the different pathological conditions that can occur. They are important also in the management and follow up of chronic diseases. We expose and evaluate all the radiological methods that are now available for the study of the SB with particular emphasis on the technological improvement of cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques have, infact, highly improved in terms of execution times (fast acquisitions images), patients discomfort and radiation dose, for CT, with consequent reduced biological risks. Moreover, the new post-processing options with multiplanar reconstruction and isotropic images have made significant changes in the evaluation of the exams. Especially MRI scans have been improved by the advent of new sequences, such as diffusion weighted imaging and cine-MRI, parallel imaging and breath-hold sequences and can provide excellent soft-tissue contrast without the use of ionizing radiations.     

CT of inflammatory bowel disease

Computed tomography (CT) provides an important perspective in patients with inflammatory bowel disease that often has a profound influence on the therapeutic decision-making process. By virtue of its ability to image the bowel wall, serosa, and mesentery directly and noninvasively, CT can diagnose infectious and inflammatory complications that often can only be inferred indirectly by barium studies and endoscopy.     

Malignancy complicating inflammatory bowel disease

There is now general agreement that both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease predispose patients to the development of malignancy. Many controversies still remain concerning the incidence of this complication as well as the diagnostic approach to be taken with these patients. This article reviews the topic and examines the contribution the radiologist can make in evaluating the patient with chronic inflammatory bowel disease.     

Radiologic-pathologic correlation of inflammatory bowel disease

The various inflammatory bowel diseases produce a wide spectrum of mucosal and bowel wall changes. No one radiolographic sign, or even combination of signs, is completely pathognomonic. A consideration of the pathophysiology responsible for the radiographic findings is helpful as an aid to understanding and to limit reliance upon matching of nonspecific signs with specific diagnosis. Patterns of mucosal ulceration, polyp formation, and strictures in the common superficial and transmural inflammatory diseases are emphasized.     

Diagnostic imaging of inflammatory bowel disease

This article considers the possibilities of different image acquisition techniques in the study of inflammatory bowel disease, with special emphasis on the roles of tomodensitometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Although these techniques are not superior to barium follow through studies or conventional enteroclysis at depicting the mucosa in detail, they are very useful in the evaluation of the characteristics of the walls of the bowel loops and in the detection of possible extraluminal complications, such as abscesses, adenopathies, and mesenteric involvement. Magnetic resonance shows great potential for the study of the small bowel and is likely to play an important role in the study of inflammatory bowel disease in the near future. This recurring disease affects young patients with long life expectancies in whom exposure to ionizing radiation needs to be minimized. We explain the radiologic findings through a physiopathologic approach to the sequence of events (aphthoid ulcers, fissuring and penetrating ulcerations, formation of fistulous tracts, abscesses, mesenteric involvement) that give rise to them. We propose an objective classification based on the imaging findings that is useful for therapeutic decision making, and we describe the important role of the radiologist in the follow-up as well as in the diagnosis of this entity.     

Cross-sectional imaging of inflammatory bowel disease

The cross-sectional imaging modalities provide an important diagnostic perspective in patients with inflammatory bowel disease that often has a profound influence on the therapeutic decision-making process. They can directly and noninvasively image infectious and inflammatory complications involving the bowel wall, serosa, and mesentery that can only be assessed indirectly by colonoscopy and barium studies. At the present time, CT is superior to ultrasound and MR in diagnosing these extramucosal complications.     

Genitourinary complications of inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease affects the genitourinary tract not infrequently, either by way of direct extension of the gastrointestinal inflammatory process or through metabolic interrelationships between the two organ systems. The abnormalities that most frequently result include retroperitoneal abscess, ureteral obstruction, cystitis, enterovesical fistula, and urolithiasis. Some of these may be sufficiently symptomatic to draw attention to their presence, even, on occasion, overshadowing or preceding gastrointestinal disease symptoms. Other urinary lesions are clinically silent and require periodic uroradiologic evaluation for purposes of discovery.     

Thoracic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to present the spectrum of inflammatory bowel disease manifestations in the chest, including the airways, lung parenchyma, pulmonary vasculature, and serosal surfaces. CONCLUSION: The spectrum of inflammatory bowel disease manifestations in the chest is broad, and the manifestations may mimic other diseases. Knowledge of these manifestations in conjunction with pertinent clinical data is essential for establishing the correct diagnosis and treatment.