辅助生殖技术中阴道局部给药黄体支持方案中血清低孕酮水平的临床疗效研究

目的探讨辅助生殖技术(ART)中阴道局部给药的黄体支持方案血清低孕酮(P)水平对临床疗效的影响。方法选取2012年6月—2016年12月期间行激素替代方案冻融胚胎移植(FET)的624个周期,按照移植后黄体支持方案的不同分为A组(黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶+地屈孕酮组,348个周期)和B组(黄体酮针剂+地屈孕酮组,276个周期),比较组间、组内移植14 d妊娠与非妊娠者的血清P水平及妊娠结局。结果 (1)移植14 d A组中妊娠者与非妊娠者血清P水平无统计学差异(P0.05),B组中妊娠者血清P水平[(74.08±24.80)nmol/L]明显高于非妊娠者[(62.28±29.34)nmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)A组妊娠者的P水平[(16.07±9.40)nmol/L]明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率、早期流产率、异位妊娠率组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶作为黄体支持应用于胚胎移植术后,与肌肉注射黄体酮具有相似的临床疗效,但由于其具有子宫首过效应,血清中表达水平低,无需进行血清P水平的监测。     

经阴道补充雌激素对促排卵期薄型子宫内膜的影响

目的:探讨经阴道补充雌激素对促排卵期薄型子宫内膜的影响。方法:将经B超监测有排卵发生但子宫内膜厚度7 mm的不孕患者随机分为对照组(CC组)和治疗组,治疗组又分成补佳乐组(CC+口服补佳乐)、芬吗通组(CC+芬吗通雌二醇片阴道用药)、联合用药组(CC+口服补佳乐及芬吗通雌二醇片阴道用药),观察内膜厚度增幅、类型、用药48 h后血雌激素浓度及妊娠率。结果:共纳入患者110例,对照组20例,治疗组90例,其中补佳乐组28例,芬吗通组28例,联合用药组34例。治疗组患者用药前、后子宫内膜增幅分别为2.3±0.3 mm、2.1±0.2 mm、2.9±0.2 mm;A型内膜比例分别为53.57%、46.43%、67.64%;用药48 h后血雌激素浓度分别为1 141.5±246.4 pmol/L、1 220.3±247.7 pmol/L、1 746.8±247.3 pmol/L;妊娠率分别为14.29%、17.86%、26.47%,均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。用药48 h后直径15 mm的卵泡个数分别为1.1±0.5、1.2±0.5、1.2±0.5、1.1±0.5,对照组与治疗组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。联合用药组子宫内膜厚度、A型内膜比例、用药48 h后血雌激素浓度、妊娠率均大于补佳乐组和芬吗通组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经阴道补充雌激素可一定程度上提高血雌激素浓度,改变子宫内膜容受性,有助于胚胎着床,提高妊娠率,从而改善妊娠结局。     

薄型子宫内膜冻融胚胎移植周期中应用雌二醇/雌二醇地屈孕酮的疗效观察

目的:探讨雌二醇/雌二醇地屈孕酮(芬吗通)对薄型子宫内膜患者冻融胚胎移植(FET)周期中的子宫内膜厚度及妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年6月56例患者62个FET周期的临床资料,根据内膜准备方案分为戊酸雌二醇(补佳乐)组29例(34个周期)和芬吗通组27例(28个周期),比较两组患者的一般情况、基础激素水平、超排卵情况、用药量及用药前后子宫内膜增幅和妊娠情况的差异。结果:两组一般情况、基础激素水平、超排卵情况及用药后妊娠情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组用药前、用药后子宫内膜厚度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但用药后子宫内膜厚度均增加(均8 mm),分别与用药前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);芬吗通组用药后子宫内膜厚度增幅(2.58±1.69 mm)大于补佳乐组(2.00±0.99 mm),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。芬吗通组用药剂量(65.36±40.22 mg)少于补佳乐组(80.50±63.14mg),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:补佳乐及芬吗通均可改善薄型子宫内膜患者的内膜厚度,但芬吗通用药量较少且效果更明显,并可获得与补佳乐患者相似的妊娠结局。     

低剂量米非司酮对植入窗口期子宫内膜中子宫自然杀伤细胞数量及其亚型含量的影响

目的 探讨低剂量米非司酮对植入窗口期子宫内膜中子宫自然杀伤(uNK)细胞数量及其亚型含量的影响.方法 收集正常妇女植入窗口期的子宫内膜14份,将每份内膜组织平均分为3部分,分别用浓度为65 nmol/L米非司酮(A组)、200 nmol/L米非司酮(B组)和0 nmol/L米非司酮(对照组)进行体外培养,运用免疫组化和流式细胞技术检测uNK细胞数量及CD-3CD+56CD-16亚型、CD-3CD+56CD+16亚型的百分含量.结果 (1)A、B及对照组子宫内膜中CD+56uNK细胞数量分别为(148±11)、(150±12)和(121±7)个,A、B组分别与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A、B组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)A组和B组子宫内膜中CD-3CD+56亚型百分含量分别为(44±5)%和(48±4)%,高于对照组[(35±3)%],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A、B组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);A组和B组子宫内膜CD-3 CD+56CD-16亚型百分含量分别为(42±5)%和(45±5)%,高于对照组[(33±3)%],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),A、B组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);CD-3CD+56CD+16亚型百分含量分别为(2.70±0.24)%、(3.26±0.37)%和(2.33±0.29)%,3组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 低剂量米非司酮可通过增加uNK细胞数量及CD-3CD+56CD-16亚型百分含量,使植入窗口期子宫内膜局部免疫微环境失平衡,从而可能导致胚胎植入的失败.     

重组腺相关病毒介导的人血管内皮抑素基因治疗裸鼠子宫内膜异位症

目的 研究重组腺相关病毒介导的人血管内皮抑素(endostatin)基因对子宫内膜异位症(内异症)裸鼠模型的治疗作用.方法 构建携带人血管内皮抑素基因和增强绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因的重组腺相关病毒载体rAAV2-endostatin-EGFP,,将2008年11-12月在天津医科大学第二医院妇科因子宫肌瘤行子宫全切除术的12例患者的子宫内膜种植于60只裸鼠的盆腹腔内,建立内异症裸鼠模型,1周后分为3组:治疗组20只,于异位病灶局部直接注射rAAV2-endostatin-EGFP;阴性对照组20只,于病灶局部直接注射空白载体rAAV2-EGFP;空白对照组20只,于病灶局部直接注射等体积的磷酸盐缓冲液.分别于给药后1、2、3周各开腹1次,观察裸鼠盆腹腔病灶,同时留取异位病灶组织,检测各组裸鼠异位病灶中人血管内皮抑素蛋白表达情况、腺体数、微血管密度(MVD)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达情况;于给药后3周检测各组裸鼠血清中雌二醇、孕酮水平.结果(1)采用腹膜种植法建立内异症裸鼠模型,种植成功率达100%.给药1周后,治疗组裸鼠异位病灶平坦、中央下陷,光镜下可见腺体数减少,腺腔变窄,细胞稀疏、呈萎缩状态.(2)荧光显微镜下观察,给药后1、2、3周,治疗组裸鼠异位病灶组织腺体和间质内出现绿色荧光;而阴性对照组和空白对照组裸鼠异位病灶组织内未见绿色荧光.(3)各组裸鼠给药后1、2、3周的异位病灶内腺体数,治疗组分别为(7.8±1.9)、(7.0±1.5)和(5.5±1.7)个,均低于阴性对照组[分别为(10.1±1.7)、(10.2±2.0)和(9.8±2.4)个]和空白对照组[分别为(10.2±2.2)、(10.0±2.0)和(9.7±2.2)个],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组裸鼠给药后1、2、3周的异位病灶内腺体数比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).(4)各组裸鼠给药后1、2、3周异位病灶内的MVD,治疗组分别为(12.2±1.5)、(11.4±2.1)、(9.0±1.4)条,均低于阴性对照组[分别为(16.5±1.7)、(16.5±1.9)、(16.9±1.9)条]和空白对照组[分别为(16.2±1.6)、(16.0±1.6)、(16.3±1.7)条],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组裸鼠给药后1、2、3周异位病灶内MVD比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).(5)各组裸鼠给药后1、2、3周异位病灶中VEGF的阳性率及表达强度,治疗组分别为35%、30%、25%和1.60±0.43、1.33±0.30、1.03±0.36,均低于阴性对照组(分别为80%、75%、85%和2.43±0.53、2.43±0.29、2.66±0.45)和空白对照组(分别为85%、90%、90%和2.36±0.53、2.64±0.57、2.53±0.52),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组裸鼠给药后1、2、3周异位病灶中VEGF阳性率及表达强度比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).(6)给药后3周,治疗组裸鼠血清中的雌二醇、孕酮水平分别为(48±7)pmol/L、(61±8)nmol/L,分别与阴性对照组[分别为(50±9)pmol/L、(60±10)nmol/L]和空白对照组[分别为(48±7)pmol/L、(58±10)nmol/L]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 携带人血管内皮抑素基因的重组腺相关病毒可抑制裸鼠内异症病灶的血管生成,从而抑制异位病灶的生长,而不影响体内生殖激素水平,抗血管生成基因治疗可能成为内异症治疗的新选择.     

雌激素不同给药途径对宫腔重度粘连术后预后的影响

目的:比较雌激素不同给药途径对宫腔重度粘连术后预后的影响,指导临床用药。方法:选择2015年1月至2017年1月在我院宫腔镜诊治中心就诊的90例宫腔重度粘连行粘连分离手术患者作为研究对象,根据雌激素不同给药途径分为口服组30例、阴道组30例、皮肤组30例,口服组给予戊酸雌二醇4 mg/d口服,阴道组17-β雌二醇1 mg/d阴道给药,皮肤组经皮肤给予雌二醇缓释凝胶5 mg/d,均21天为一个人工周期。用药后5天加服黄体酮胶囊200 mg/d,应用2个人工周期后复查宫腔镜,比较术后雌激素血药浓度、月经恢复、内膜厚度、宫腔形态、妊娠结局及不良反应发生情况。结果:术前雌激素血药浓度口服组(193.47±67.34 pmol/L)、阴道组(206.72±90.77 pmol/L)及皮肤组(211.62±82.24 pmol/L)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后第1周雌激素血药浓度口服组(558.00±145.59 pmol/L)、阴道组(3579.74±1447.16 pmol/L)、皮肤组(614.11±154.52 pmol/L)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后第3周雌激素血药浓度口服组(548.56±175.72 pmol/L)、阴道组(4630.60±1046.87 pmol/L)、皮肤组(603.46±194.24 pmol/L)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后第1周、第3周阴道组雌激素血药浓度均高于口服组、皮肤组(P0.05)。3组术后月经恢复、内膜厚度、宫腔形态、妊娠结局及不良反应情况间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阴道用雌激素血药浓度高于口服和皮肤用药途径。雌激素不同给药途径对宫腔重度粘连术后预后无明显影响。     

黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶在IVF/ICSI周期中作为黄体支持的初步应用

目的:评价黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶(商品名:雪诺同8%)在中国女性体外受精(IVF)和卵细胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)周期中作为黄体支持的有效性和安全性。方法:此研究为多中心、前瞻性、开放性研究。在12家医院生殖医学中心共894例患者入组,自取卵日开始使用黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶作为黄体支持,评价周期的临床妊娠率、着床率、生化妊娠率、持续妊娠率,并对基线数据与妊娠率的关系进行分析,同时评价黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶使用的安全性及患者满意度。结果:共885例患者完成胚胎移植,其中857例患者完成研究,周期临床妊娠率44.0%(389/885),生化妊娠率为49.3%(436/885),持续妊娠率36.6%(324/885),早期流产率4.4%(17/389),异位妊娠率0.6%(5/885),着床率27.2%(536/1971)。妊娠结果与基线因素的分析,妊娠组与未妊娠组的年龄(30.9±3.7岁vs31.7±3.9岁)和取卵日孕酮水平(3.2±1.9nmol/Lvs4.5±8.3nmol/L)比较,差异有高度统计学意义(P=0.003,P=0.000),而两组其他基线因素比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不良事件的发生率4.5%,患者对药物使用方法的总体满意度89.7%。结论:黄体酮阴道缓释凝胶在辅助生殖技术中作为黄体支持具有满意的疗效和安全性,相比于传统给药方式,患者更愿接受黄体酮凝胶阴道给药。     

子宫内膜异位症患者血脂和钙磷代谢的变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者血脂和钙磷代谢的变化及其与内异症发病的关系.方法 回顾性分析223例内异症患者(其中年龄≤35岁148例,为内异症A组;＞35岁75例,为内异症B组)和200例非内异症患者(其中年龄≤35岁129例,为对照A组;＞35岁71例,为对照B组)的临床资料.应用电化学发光免疫分析法检测两组患者血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮、雌二醇和孕酮的水平;采用光电比色法检测血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、钙磷水平.结果 内异症A组和B组平均血清孕酮水平分别为2.0 nmol/L和1.8 nmol/L,均显著高于对照A组和B组的1.6 nmol/L和1.2 nmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);内异症B组血清LH水平为7.2 U/L,也显著高于对照B组的6.1 U/L,差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而内异症A组血清LH水平(7.0 U/L)与对照A组(6.5 U/L)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).内异症A组血清FSH、睾酮和雌二醇水平分别为6.2 U/L、1.1 nmol/L和269 pmol/L,与对照A组(6.3 U/L、1.1 nmol/L、264 pmol/L)分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);内异症B组血清FSH、睾酮和雌二醇水平分别为6.6 U/L、1.0 nmol/L和345 pmol/L,与对照B组(6.6 U/L、0.9 nmol/L和279 pmol/L)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).内异症A组和B组血清TG水平分别为0.71 mmol/L和0.72 mmol/L,均显著低于对照A组和B组的0.92 mmol/L和1.08 mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);内异症A组和B组血清LDL水平分别为(2.2±0.5)mmol/L和(2.4±0.7)mmol/L,也均显著低于对照A组和B组[(2.4±0.6)mmol/L和(2.6±0.6)mmol/L],差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而内异症A组和B组患者血清HDL水平[(1.62±0.31)mmol/L和(1.53±0.32)mmol/L]却均显著高于对照A组和B组[(1.48±0.21)mmol/L和(1.37±0.22)mmol/L],差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.01).但内异症A组和B组血清TC水平[(4.2±0.7)mmol/L和(4.4±0.8)mmol/L]与相应年龄段的对照A组和B组[(4.3±0.7)mmol/L和(4.5±0.7)mmol/L]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).另外,内异症A组和B组血磷水平[(1.01±0.22)mmol/L和(0.89±0.18)mmol/L]均显著低于对照A组和B组[(1.23±0.24)mmol/L和(1.10±0.13)mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而内异症A组和B组血钙水平[(2.39±0.23)mmol/L和(2.40±0.28)mmol/L]与相应年龄段的对照A组和B组[(2.41±0.12)mmol/L和(2.42±0.20)mmol/L]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 内异症患者存在血脂和钙磷代谢的变化,血清高孕激素水平可能与内异症发病有关.     

甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮治疗输卵管妊娠的临床观察

目的:观察甲氨蝶呤(MTX)联合米非司酮对输卵管妊娠总的疗效及不同孕酮水平输卵管妊娠的疗效。方法:将符合保守治疗条件的输卵管妊娠患者67例随机分为2组,对照组33例MTX(50mg/m2)单次肌内注射,研究组34例MTX(50mg/m2)单次肌内注射,第二天口服米非司酮200mg连续3天,两组均定期监测血β-HCG水平,B超监测包块缩小情况。根据孕酮值再将两组分为甲、乙两组比较疗效。结果:研究组治愈率91.2%,对照组治愈率84.8%,但无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组血β-HCG转阴时间、包块缩小率均优于对照组,差异显著。甲乙两组比较,血孕酮<31.7nmol/L时,两组治愈率无显著性差异(93.3%,92.9%),血孕酮≥31.7nmol/L时,研究组与对照组治愈率有显著差异(95%,77.8%)。结论:对血β-HCG<3000U/L,血孕酮<31.7nmol/L的输卵管妊娠单用MTX(50mg/m2)单次肌内注射疗程简单、效果好、副反应少,对血β-HCG<3000U/L,血孕酮≥31.7nmol/L的输卵管妊娠应选用MTX和米非司酮联用方案。     

雌激素不同给药方式在宫腔粘连治疗中的疗效

目的:探讨皮贴雌激素对宫腔粘连患者血清雌二醇、子宫内膜修复及妊娠率的影响。方法:选取2015年9月至2016年12月于郑州大学第二附属医院行宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术的患者80例,随机分为皮贴组和口服组,术后分别给予雌激素皮贴4mg/d、戊酸雌二醇4mg/d。观察两组用药前后的血雌二醇浓度、子宫内膜厚度以及术后妊娠率。结果:两组用药前一般情况、宫腔粘连评分、血雌二醇浓度、子宫内膜厚度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。皮贴组用药后血雌二醇水平[(208.10±79.26)pg/ml]高于口服组[(169.90±51.40)pg/ml],排卵期子宫内膜厚度[(6.41±0.81)mm]高于口服组[(6.05±0.80)mm],差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。皮贴组的术后妊娠率高于口服组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。皮贴组的不良反应发生率低于口服组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:宫腔粘连术后使用皮贴雌激素能有效增加血清雌二醇浓度,促进子宫内膜修复,是一种高效、低副作用的治疗方法。     

Progesterone administration in patients with absent ovaries

Forty-four women with absent ovaries who were referred to our centre for oocyte donation were treated with oestradiol valerate and natural progesterone. Serum concentrations and endometrial changes were evaluated on day 21 of stimulated luteal phases after the daily administration of 100 mg of natural progesterone in oil injected intramuscularly or after the ingestion of 300 mg of micronized progesterone or after vaginal administration of 300 mg or 600 mg micronized progesterone, respectively. Endometrial tissue did not show evidence of an adequate secretory pattern after orally administered progesterone. However, after intramuscular injection of 100 mg of natural progesterone and after the vaginal administration of 300 to 600 mg of micronized progesterone, the histologic and electron microscopic pictures were similar in all treatment groups and were close to the expected day 21 of the cycle. Serum levels of progesterone after intramuscular injection were five times higher than after vaginal administration.     

不孕症子宫内膜息肉雌激素受体和孕激素受体表达的研究

目的:探讨不孕妇女子宫内膜息肉中雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR)的表达及意义。方法:选择2009年9月至2010年4月在广东省计划生育专科医院就诊伴发子宫内膜息肉的50例不孕妇女(EP组)作为研究组,同期就诊宫腔镜检查正常的29例不孕妇女作为对照组。采用免疫组化方法测定ER和PR在子宫内膜息肉和正常增殖期子宫内膜中的表达,同时采用化学发光法测定所有患者血清的基础性激素(血清卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、催乳素、雌二醇和睾酮)水平,并对两组的基本情况(年龄、不孕类型、不孕原因、不孕年限及取材时间)进行比较。结果:两组基础性激素水平和基本情况的比较中,仅EP组血清雌二醇水平显著高于对照组(223.39±125.47pmol/Lvs169.96±87.46pmol/L,P=0.046),其他各项指标的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ER和PR在子宫内膜息肉和增殖期子宫内膜中的表达比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.085,P=0.527)。结论:对于无月经改变的不孕症子宫内膜息肉,长期较高水平的雌二醇刺激可能与息肉形成有关,但子宫内膜息肉上ER、PR表达未见异常。     

Direct transport of progesterone from vagina to uterus

OBJECTIVE: To compare progesterone concentrations in serum and endometrial tissue from hysterectomy specimens after vaginal or intramuscular (IM) administration of progesterone gel. METHODS: This was a randomized open study of 14 post-menopausal women undergoing transabdominal hysterectomies. Participants received either vaginal progesterone gel, 90 mg, or IM progesterone, 50 mg, at 8:00 AM and 8:00 PM on the day before surgery and at 6:00 AM on the day of surgery. Venous blood samples for progesterone measurement were collected at 8:00 AM on the day before surgery (baseline) and during surgery. After removal of the uterus, the endometrium was sampled from the anterior and posterior walls. Results were expressed as ratios of endometrial to serum progesterone concentrations x 100. RESULTS: Ratios of endometrial to serum progesterone concentrations were markedly higher in women who received vaginal progesterone (14.1 median, 8.5-59.4 range; 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.89, 38.79) compared with IM injections (1.2 median, 0.5-13.1 range; 95% CI -0.48, 7.39) (P < .005). CONCLUSION: Ratios of endometrial to serum progesterone concentrations were higher after vaginal administration of progesterone than after IM injections. Our findings in endometrial tissue specimens from hysterectomies excluded the possibility of contamination by progesterone that remained in the vagina.     

Weekly intramuscular progesterone for luteal phase support in women receiving oocyte donation is associated with a decreased miscarriage rate

Research questionTo determine whether adding intramuscular to vaginal administration of progesterone reduces miscarriage rates compared with those of vaginal administration alone for luteal phase support in women receiving oocyte donation and to determine the best time to introduce intramuscular progesterone.DesignRetrospective analysis of miscarriage rates in women receiving oocyte donation. Recipients underwent endometrial preparation by hormone replacement treatment. Vaginal progesterone alone or associated with intramuscular progesterone was used for luteal support.ResultsThis study analysed 186 oocyte donation cycles from January 2016 to May 2018 with embryo transfer on Day 2 or 3 and vaginal progesterone administration: 106 embryo transfer cycles with vaginal progesterone alone, 29 with weekly intramuscular progesterone added once the human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) assay was positive, and 51 with weekly intramuscular progesterone added the evening of embryo transfer. The rates of positive HCG assays, biochemical pregnancies and clinical pregnancies did not differ between the treatment groups. The miscarriage rate was significantly lower when intramuscular progesterone began the evening of embryo transfer than with vaginal administration alone (16.7% versus 47.0%, respectively; P = 0.049 after Bonferroni correction). The live birth rate was higher when intramuscular progesterone began the evening of embryo transfer than with vaginal administration alone (37.3% versus 16.0%, respectively; P = 0.009 after Bonferroni correction).ConclusionsAdding intramuscular to vaginal progesterone administration appears to decrease the miscarriage rate and increase the live birth rate in oocyte donations. The initiation of intramuscular progesterone is most beneficial when it is introduced the evening of embryo transfer.     

Progesterone supplementation for preventing preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the role of progesterone in preterm birth prevention. METHODS: A MEDLINE search (from 1966 to the present; date of last search January 2005) was performed - using the key words progesterone, pregnancy, preterm birth, preterm labor, and randomized, controlled trial - in order to identify randomized, controlled trials in which progesterone (either intramuscular or vaginal administration) was compared with placebo or no treatment. Data were extracted and a meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: Seven randomized, controlled trials were identified. Women who received progesterone were statistically significantly less likely to give birth before 37 weeks (seven studies, 1020 women, RR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.48-0.70), to have an infant with birth weight of < or =2.5 kg (six studies, 872 infants, RR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.49-0.78), or to have an infant diagnosed with intraventricular hemorrhage (one study, 458 infants, RR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.08-0.82). CONCLUSIONS: For progesterone supplementation to be advocated for women at the risk of preterm birth, the prolongation of gestation demonstrated in this meta-analysis must translate into improved infant outcomes, including a reduction in mortality. There is currently insufficient information to allow recommendations regarding the optimal dose, route, and timing of administration of progesterone supplementation.     

4种不同方案治疗绝经后萎缩性阴道炎疗效评价

目的:比较绝经后女性萎缩性阴道炎4种不同治疗方案的疗效及安全性,以指导临床诊疗。方法:选取在2016年11月—2018年8月就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院门诊的120例萎缩性阴道炎绝经妇女,根据纳入、排除标准将研究对象随机分为非雌激素药物(重组人源胶原蛋白阴道凝胶,薇润)治疗组(A组),雌激素药物(结合雌激素乳膏,红丽来)治疗组(B组),雌激素药物联合局部抗炎药(红丽来+保妇康泡沫剂)治疗组(C组),以及非雌激素药物联合局部抗炎药(薇润+保妇康泡沫剂)治疗组(D组),比较4组的疗效及安全性。结果:治疗后,4组阴道症状和体征评分分别为(7.59±1.28)分、(6.76±1.33)分、(4.48±1.02)分和(5.34±1.01)分,即疗效C组>D组>B组>A组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);4组阴道pH值分别为5.10±0.15、4.38±0.17、4.04±0.18和4.24±0.13,即疗效C组>D组>B组>A组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);4组阴道细胞成熟评分分别为(31.94±3.16)分、(65.68±2.44)分、(72.19±2.86)分和(54.40±2.56)分,A组治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余3组治疗后均较治疗前明显增高,且疗效C组>B组>D组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在治疗安全性方面,4组不同治疗方案的患者子宫内膜厚度、血清雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体生成激素(LH)水平,治疗前后差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:4种治疗方案对萎缩性阴道炎都有明显疗效,若有激素治疗禁忌者及拒绝激素治疗者可以使用非雌激素类药物联合局部抗炎药物作为有效替代方案。     

Luteal support with vaginal micronized progesterone gel in assisted reproduction

The purpose of this study was to review the rationale for vaginal progesterone treatment as luteal support in IVF, and the clinical experience with vaginal micronized progesterone gel. It was found that luteal support with exogenous progesterone significantly improves implantation and pregnancy rates after IVF. Vaginal administration offers a number of potential advantages over intramuscular injection in terms of tolerability and convenience. The clinical experience with Crinone 8%, a vaginal gel containing 90 mg micronized progesterone in a polycarbophil base, indicates that the use of this preparation is associated with pregnancy rates comparable with those achieved after intramuscular administration of progesterone. Moreover, in studies in which patient preferences have been assessed, significantly higher preferences for vaginal micronized progesterone gel have been reported, compared with intramuscular administration or vaginal suppositories. In conclusion, the vaginal micronized progesterone gel used in this study provided effective and well-tolerated luteal support in women undergoing IVF.     

Lack of effect of isoflavonoids on the vagina and endometrium in postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of soy-derived isoflavones on vaginal epithelium and the endometrium. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of a university hospital. PATIENT(S): Sixty-four postmenopausal women with a history of breast cancer. INTERVENTION(S): The women took (in a randomized order) 114 mg of isolated isoflavonoids or placebo in tablets daily for 3 months; the treatment regimens were crossed over after a 2-month washout period. The subjects were studied before and on the last day of each treatment period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Vaginal dryness, maturation index (MI) of vaginal epithelium, endometrial thickness, histology, and expression of estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) receptors and the proliferation marker Ki-67 in the endometrium. RESULT(S): Isolated isoflavones did not relieve vaginal dryness. Maturation index values remained unchanged during the isoflavone regimen, but decreased during the placebo regimen. No changes were found in any of the variables measured in the endometrium. CONCLUSION(S): Daily administration of 114 mg of isolated isoflavones for 3 months had no effect on the subjective perception of vaginal dryness or on objective findings in the vagina or endometrium. This implies safety with regard to the endometrium.     

非注射黄体酮在冻融胚胎移植激素替代周期中的应用

目的:比较口服地屈孕酮联合阴道用微粒化黄体酮黄体支持与肌肉注射黄体酮应用于冻融胚胎移植(FET)激素替代黄体支持的临床效果。方法:月经第3日起口服17β雌二醇片8 mg;第14日超声监测,同时测定血清E2,内膜≥8 mm、E2≥150 pg/ml时,加用口服地屈孕酮40 mg联合阴道用微粒化黄体酮软胶囊400 mg(A组)转化内膜,或肌注油剂黄体酮60 mg(B组),3～5 d后解冻第3～5日胚胎。结果:共完成1 805个FET激素替代周期,A、B组临床妊娠率分别为41.4%(389/940)、38.4%(332/865),种植率分别为26.2%(485/1 851)、23.8%(438/1 837),继续妊娠率分别为34.1%(321/940)、33.4%(289/865),组间均无统计学差异;A组流产率为19.8%(77/389),高于B组的13%(43/332)(P<0.05)。结论:FET激素替代周期中口服地屈孕酮与阴道塞安琪坦联合用药,简单方便,临床结果理想,可逐步替代肌肉注射油剂黄体酮。     

Vaginal versus intramuscular progesterone in the prevention of preterm labor and their effect on uterine and fetal blood flow

ObjectivesTo compare vaginal with intramuscular progesterone administration to prevent preterm labor and to detect the effect of both on the uterine and fetal circulations.Study designProspective comparative clinical trial.PopulationEighty three pregnant women at 20–24 weeks gestation at risk of preterm labor were classified into: Thirty six women who received micronized progesterone tablets 200 mg vaginally daily (Group 1), 28 women who received 17 alpha hydroxyl progesterone caproate 250 mg intramuscular once weekly (Group 2), and 19 women who had not received any progesterone and settled as control group.MethodsDoppler examination of fetal middle cerebral artery, umbilical artery and uterine artery was done before and one week after progesterone administration, progesterone was continued till 36 weeks pregnancy or delivery.Main outcome measuresIncidence of preterm delivery, mean gestational age and birth weight at delivery, the need for neonatal intensive care unit admission and neonatal mortality. Doppler indices before and after progesterone administration was also measured and compared in both groups.ResultsThe incidence of preterm delivery in Group 1 and Group 2 was significantly lower than in the control group (25%, 21.4% and 52%, respectively). A significant decrease in fetal MCA-PI and RI was noted after progesterone administration both vaginally and I.M. But a significant decrease in the mean uterine artery RI and PI was noted only after progesterone was administrated vaginally.ConclusionVaginally administrated progesterone was nearly as equally effective as intra muscular progesterone in the prevention of PTL in women at risk and both were associated with significant reduction in fetal MCA-PI and RI, but a significant reduction in uterine artery RI and PI was observed only after vaginal progesterone.