MR在女性生殖系统乳糜漏中的应用

目的 探讨磁共振胸导管成像(MRTD)及MR盆腔扫描在女性生殖系统乳糜漏中的应用价值.方法 收集7例影像资料完整并经手术证实的女性生殖系统乳糜漏患者资料,回顾性分析其MRTD及MR盆腔平扫的影像学表现,并与直接淋巴管造影(DLG)、核素淋巴显像及手术相对照.结果 DLG中胸导管显示率71.4%(5/7).核素淋巴显像静脉角区显影率为71.4%(5/7).MRTD胸导管显影100%(7/7),除1例未见明确异常外,余6例(85.7%)均提示胸导管出口梗阻,其中双侧引流1例,右位胸导管1例,4例伴静脉角周围多发迂曲淋巴管,1例伴左静脉角区多发淋巴管瘤.7例患者均行胸导管探查术,6例证实胸导管出口梗阻,1例未见明显异常.MRTD联合MR盆腔扫描对比DLG发现了更多淋巴管瘤,并发现了2例骨质异常.结论 MRTD结合MR盆腔扫描可对女性生殖系统乳糜漏患者作出更全面的评估,应该作为这类患者术前常规检查手段.     

直接淋巴管造影对胸导管出口梗阻的诊断价值

目的 探讨直接淋巴管造影对胸导管出口梗阻的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析124例临床表现为淋巴水肿、乳糜胸、乳糜腹、乳糜尿和小肠淋巴管扩张症等患者的直接淋巴管造影资料,并与颈部胸导管手术探查结果进行对照分析直接淋巴管造影对颈段胸导管的显示与胸导管手术探查情况进行对照,2名影像科医师在不知胸导管手术探查结果的情况下,阅读直接淋巴管造影后DSA造影结果,对手术侧颈干、锁骨下干、支气管纵隔干和胸导管末端入血梗阻的数值差异用Kappa值进行一致性分析.结果 124例中,直接淋巴管造影显示淋巴反流:左颈干80例,左锁骨下干75例,左支气管纵隔干30例.胸导管出口入血障碍118例,与颈部胸导管手术探查结果对比分析,符合率分别为89.9％(80/89)、92.6％(75/81)、90.9％ (30/33)和95.2％(118/124).直接淋巴管造影对颈段胸导管的显示与探查情况进行对照,2名影像科医师阅读直接淋巴管造影后DSA造影结果具有高度一致性(K=0.82,P＜0.05).另外,直接淋巴管造影显示腰干以下淋巴管不同程度迂曲、扩张和结构紊乱者114例(91.9％),无异常者仅10例(8.1％);乳糜池以下不同程度反流者92例(74.2％);肠干反流者16例(12.9％);向肾区反流者11例(8.9％);向心包反流者5例(4.0％).伴有阴道淋巴漏7例(5.6％),腹膜后淋巴漏2例(1.6％),胸腔淋巴漏3例(2.4％),气管淋巴漏1例(0.8％).结论 直接淋巴管造影与颈部胸导管手术探查在显示胸导管出口梗阻的各种征象方面具有较高的一致性,直接淋巴管造影可作为胸导管末段手术探查的重要依据.     

胸导管出口梗阻在 99Tc m-右旋糖酐淋巴显像中的影像特征

目的:通过 99Tc m-右旋糖酐(DX)淋巴显像与直接淋巴管造影(DLG)的比较,探讨 99Tc m-DX淋巴显像在胸导管出口(TDE)梗阻患者中的影像特征及价值。 方法:回顾性分析北京世纪坛医院2017年1月1日至2019年1月1日经胸导管末端手术探查证实的...     

淋巴管肌瘤病合并乳糜性胸、腹腔积液的影像学表现与手术对照

目的 探讨淋巴管肌瘤病(LAM)合并乳糜性胸、腹腔积液的影像学表现.方法 回顾性分析20例合并乳糜性胸、腹腔积液的LAM患者的直接淋巴管造影(DLG)及CT资料,其中15例行胸导管探查,18例行手术治疗.结果 20例LAM均合并不同程度的乳糜性胸腔积液,其中8例合并乳糜性腹腔积液.DLG显示20例LAM腹膜后及髂淋巴管均不同程度扩张,并5例向对侧返流.DLG直观显示14例胸导管出口受阻,其中13例行胸导管探查证实梗阻存在,并行胸导管梗阻解除术,1例胸、腹腔积液完全消失,12例减少或趋于稳定.6例胸导管部分于DLG未见明确显示,其中2例为胸导管结扎术后,1例行髂外淋巴管静脉吻合术后腹腔积液好转;其余4例中2例行胸导管探查证实出口受阻,行胸导管出口梗阻解除术后胸、腹腔积液减少;另2例未行胸导管探查,行髂外或下肢淋巴管静脉吻合术后腹腔积液减少.结论 DLG及CT成像可为LAM合并乳糜性胸、腹腔积液的诊断及治疗提供重要信息.     

非增强MR淋巴管成像在乳糜胸检测中的价值

乳糜胸是由于胸导管或其主要分支破裂或阻塞,使乳糜液潴留在胸膜腔内而形成.乳糜胸导致的乳糜液丢失可引起循环、呼吸、代谢、营养和免疫功能异常,严重威胁患者生命健康[1-2].目前,显示胸导管的技术主要是淋巴管造影及核素淋巴管显像[3],但这些技术具有对比剂不良反应、辐射损伤、检查时间较长及组织分辨率差等缺点[4].近年来,无创的非增强MR淋巴管成像技术在胸导管的显示方面展示出独特的价值[4-6],目前这些研究尚处于起步阶段,主要是针对胸导管解剖学及其变异的研究以及探讨一些腹部疾病对它的影响[5-8].而利用非增强MR淋巴管成像对乳糜胸进行检测目前笔者尚未见报道.因此利用MR淋巴管成像对6例各种原因导致的乳糜胸患者进行显像,探讨该技术在乳糜胸检测方面的价值.     

放射性核素淋巴显像定位诊断乳糜外溢

本文应用核素淋巴显像定位诊断１５例乳糜外溢，其中乳糜胸２例，乳糜心包１例，乳糜腹水６例，乳糜腹合并乳糜胸１例，乳糜尿５例，均能显示淋巴系统形态异常或乳糜渗漏部位。本文例举典型病例描述核素显像对不同乳糜渗漏的定位情况，并就诊断中的体会及与Ｂ超、淋巴造影的比较进行了讨论。     

MSCT直接淋巴管造影在弥漫性淋巴管瘤病中的诊断价值

目的 探讨MSCT直接淋巴管造影(DLG)在弥漫性淋巴管瘤病中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析9例弥漫性淋巴管瘤病的影像学资料,5例行DLG及造影后胸、腹、盆部CT检查,余4例行CT检查.9例中3例行MRI检查.结果 9例中,8例累及脾,5例累及腋窝,5例累及颈部,5例累及腹腔及腹膜后,4例累及髂部及腹股沟,3例累及纵隔,3例累及腹壁,2例累及肺,1例累及肝,1例累及颅内硬膜下,CT表现为囊状低密度影,MRI表现为囊状长T1、长T2信号.8例累及骨,CT上表现为边界清楚的类圆形低密度影,MRI上表现为长T1、长T2信号.5例行DLG、造影后CT及胸导管探查示胸导管出口受阻,腹膜后淋巴管扩张迂曲.9例中有4例合并乳糜返流,1例合并锁骨上乳糜囊肿.结论 弥漫性淋巴管瘤病影像学表现具有特异性,MSCT DLG可明确显示淋巴管的异常,可为其病因诊断及合并乳糜返流性疾病的治疗提供直接信息.     

介入治疗乳糜漏60例的临床疗效分析

目的评价介入治疗乳糜漏的可行性、安全性、治疗效果, 以及个体化手术方式的选择。方法回顾性分析2019年6月至2022年1月郑州大学第一附属医院放射介入科收治的60例乳糜漏患者临床资料, 包括乳糜胸37例、乳糜腹10例、乳糜尿4例、乳糜胸合并乳糜腹5例、乳糜胸合并心包积液2例、盆腔乳糜性积液2例。所有患者均保守治疗失败。患者均先行淋巴管造影, 而后根据造影结果选择个体化手术方式。术后统计治疗效果和并发症, 并进行随访。结果淋巴造影成功55例, 5例患者乳糜池和胸导管未见显影, 造影成功率91.7%。单纯淋巴管造影23例、胸导管栓塞23例、乳糜池胸导管针刺毁损5例、直接淋巴管栓塞4例、胸导管球囊扩张成形5例。治疗后痊愈39例(65.0%)、有效14例(23.3%)、无效7例(11.7%), 总体有效率88.3%(53/60)。并发症发生率8.3%(5/60), 均为轻症并发症。失访患者4例, 完成随访者56例, 随访时长0.5～30个月, 中位随访时间为11个月。随访期间病情复发1例(2.0%, 1/49)、死亡8例。结论介入治疗乳糜漏安全、有效、并发症低。根据淋巴造影结果选择个体化手术方...     

MSCT淋巴管成像诊断原发性小肠淋巴管扩张症

目的 探讨MSCT淋巴管成像在原发性小肠淋巴管扩张症(PIL)中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的16例PIL患者的影像学资料,所有患者均于直接淋巴管造影术后行胸腹部MSCT联合扫描,并行内镜检查,将MSCT图像和手术病理及内镜结果进行对照.结果 16例患者MSCT淋巴管成像均能清晰显示病变肠管及肠管以外病变,肠管扩张14例,肠壁增厚13例,胸腔积液5例,腹腔积液7例,心包积液3例,肠系膜水肿12例,肠系膜结节6例,腹腔淋巴管瘤2例;肠淋巴干反流7例,腰淋巴干反流13例,胸膜及肺内淋巴反流3例,心包纵隔淋巴反流3例,纵隔肺淋巴反流4例,T8以下水平胸导管梗阻1例,胸导管出口梗阻14例.结论 MSCT淋巴管成像可以清晰显示PIL肠管本身及肠管以外病变的部位、范围及程度,为临床诊断和治疗提供重要依据.     

足背淋巴管造影时肺淋巴的显影

在常规双侧足背淋巴造影中肺淋巴不常显影,有报告在胸导管阻断或梗阻(常伴乳糜胸)下可发生肋间、肺或胸膜淋巴管逆行充盈。罕而在正常胸导管及无乳糜胸情况下见到肺淋巴管。作者报告2例正常胸导管于淋巴造影时肺淋巴管显影。例1为49岁女性,患宫颈鳞癌,每侧足注入8毫升Ethi-odol,淋巴造影片有异常,两侧髂区及左侧腹主     

Diagnosis and localization of laceration of the thoracic duct: usefulness of lymphangiography and CT

The usefulness of lymphangiography and CT in the diagnosis and localization of laceration of the thoracic duct was evaluated in 12 patients with chylothorax or chylous ascites after surgery. Bipedal lymphangiography was performed in all 12 patients. The last four patients studied also had CT after lymphangiography. Seven patients had abnormal findings on lymphangiograms; five with leaks from the thoracic duct, one with a lymphocele in a nephrectomy bed, and one with obstructed intestinal lymphatic vessels after thoracotomy. Five patients had no evidence of lymphatic leakage. CT in one patient with evidence of a leak on lymphangiography showed extravasation of contrast medium into the mediastinum and pleural space. CT in three patients with no abnormalities on lymphangiography also showed no abnormalities. Four of the five thoracic duct lacerations and the lymphocele were confirmed surgically. The diagnosis of obstructed intestinal lymphatic vessels was supported clinically. Four of the five patients with normal findings on lymphangiograms had resolution of their pleural effusions and no evidence of recurrence during a follow-up period of 1-27 months. One patient with normal findings on lymphangiography had an alternative diagnosis established at surgery. Laceration of the thoracic duct was accurately diagnosed and localized with lymphangiography, which allowed definitive surgical repair. CT was of little additional value in diagnosing these injuries.     

胸部结节或肿块的 CT 导向穿刺活检的临床应用

目的：探讨CT导向下经皮穿刺活检对胸部结节或肿块病变诊断的临床意义。方法 CT导向下采用18~20 G切吸两用穿刺针对25例胸部占位性病变进行穿刺并活检。结果25例患者穿刺活检病理诊断为恶性肿瘤12例,良性肿瘤4例,结核3例,淋巴结肿大6例;恶性肿瘤中鳞癌6例,腺癌2例,小细胞癌1例,转移瘤3例。总阳性诊断率达100%,其中细胞学诊断阳性率76%,组织学诊断阳性率92%。无一例发生严重并发症及针道转移。结论 CT导向穿刺对胸部结节或肿块的诊断安全有效,值得临床广泛应用。     

Thoracic Duct Lymphangiography via the Testicular Parenchyma in a Rabbit Model

This study aimed to establish an animal model for thoracic duct lymphangiography using ethiodized oil. Thoracic duct lymphangiography was performed via the testes in 21 Japanese white rabbits. The testicular parenchyma was punctured by palpation using a 30-gauge, 0.5-inch needle. Ethiodized oil was injected at a rate of 11.41 mL/h until the testicular efferent lymphatic vessels were delineated and then at a rate of 2.85 mL/h until the entire thoracic duct was delineated. Thoracic duct delineation was 100% successful and showed good depiction based on visual scores. The mean ethiodized oil dose administered was 4.59 mL ± 1.41, and the mean time to visualize the entire thoracic duct was 43.7 minutes ± 14.1. The presented model may serve as a method for future preclinical investigation of the thoracic duct anatomy and for thoracic duct interventions.     

Thoracic duct cyst: diagnosis with needle aspiration

A case of an asymptomatic posterior mediastinal thoracic duct cyst diagnosed with fluoroscopically guided needle aspiration is reported. Previously, the diagnosis of thoracic duct cyst was established surgically and more recently was established by lymphangiography. To the authors' knowledge, diagnosis using needle aspiration has not been reported.     

Visualization of the thoracic duct by lymphoscintigraphy

Imaging of the thoracic duct is usually performed by radiological lymphography. However, this procedure, which uses an oil based dye injected directly into the lymph channels, has some adverse effects. In this paper we note that lymphoscintigraphy, a physiological and non invasive method, may visualize thoracic duct abnormalities, and might be particularly useful when radiological lymphography is contraindicated.     

Visualization of the thoracic duct by lymphoscintigraphy

Imaging of the thoracic duct is usually performed by radiological lymphography. However, this procedure, which uses an oil based dye injected directly into the lymph channels, has some adverse effects. In this paper we note that lymphoscintigraphy, a physiological and non invasive method, may visualize thoracic duct abnormalities, and might be particularly useful when radiological lymphography is contraindicated.     

胸部结节病的CT表现

目的 分析胸部结节病的CT表现，探讨其CT扫描和诊断价值。方法 13例胸部CT扫描患者，均在深吸气状态下摄片。在常规深吸气后屏气进行CT扫描，观察胸部淋巴结，肺部病变及胸膜病变。结果 13例均有胸部淋巴结增大，其中9例对称性两侧肺门淋巴结增大伴纵隔淋巴结增大，3例纵隔淋巴结增大伴单侧肺门淋巴结增大，1例仅有纵隔淋巴结增大而无肺门淋巴结增大。胸部病变有8例，占所有病例61．52％，表现为肺内多发结节，其中，3例伴肺内斑片状实变影，2例伴肺组织纤维化。胸膜病变仅1例，表现为胸膜多发小结节伴胸腔积液。结论 CT扫描是诊断结节病和鉴别诊断结节病的非常有效的方法，明显优于胸片。     

胸部结节病影像诊断值得注意的问题

目的 通过对胸部结节病误诊病例的回顾性分析，探讨结节病影像诊断存在的问题。方法 复习32例误诊病例的影像，包括胸片和胸部CT及临床资料。病理证实9例，临床治疗证实23例。结果 32例均有胸部淋巴结增大，其中23例纵隔淋巴结及两侧肺门淋巴结增大，5例纵隔淋巴结及单侧肺门淋巴结增大，4例纵隔淋巴结增大而无肺门淋巴结增大。肺部病变有24例，其中19例为肺内多发结节，肺部斑片状影4例，肺内纤维化1例。胸膜病变3例，均伴肺内多发结节，其中2例胸腔积液，1例胸膜多发小结节。结论 胸部结节病影像不典型时诊断困难，需结合临床或治疗中动态观察确诊。