冠状动脉内应用维拉帕米对急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后冠状动脉灌注、心肌灌注和临床预后的影响

目的探讨急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）时冠状动脉内应用维拉帕米对冠状动脉灌注、心肌灌注及临床预后的影响。方法本研究为前瞻性、随机、双盲、对照性临床研究。连续性入选99例STEMI拟行急诊PCI的患者,随机分为维拉帕米组与对照组。在支架释放后即刻,维拉帕米组在靶血管内注入维拉帕米200μg,对照组在靶血管内注入肝素生理盐水,比较两组PCI术前、术后和冠状动脉内注药后的冠状动脉灌注和心肌灌注的差别。冠状动脉灌注以心外膜TIMI血流（TFG）和校正的TIMI血流帧数计数（CTFC）来评价。心肌灌注以TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMPG）和心肌灌注显影（MBG）来评价。并比较两组在PCI术后1周心脏彩色超声结果、住院期间以及随访期间主要心脏不良事件（MACE）发生率上的差别。结果最终91例患者有完整资料,其中维拉帕米组47例,对照组44例,两组临床基本特征和造影特征相仿。维拉帕米组和对照组在术前和支架释放后即刻冠状动脉灌注和心肌灌注各指标差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。冠状动脉内注入维拉帕米后,维拉帕米组的CTFC、TFG、MBG、TMPG均较对照组有显著改善,分别为CTFC：27.1±14.2比39.0±23.8,P=0.011;TFG≥2级：100%比90.9%,P=0.035;MBG≥2级：91.5%%比75.5%,P=0.034;TMPG≥2级：89.4%比72.7%,P=0.042。维拉帕米组和对照组PCI术后1周时左室射血分数（63.4%±8.2%比63.5%±10.3%,P=0.578）、院内MACE发生率（4.3%比9.1%,P=0.613）和3个月MACE发生率（23.9%比22.7%,P=0.894）差异均无统计学意义。结论STEMI患者急诊行PCI治疗时,冠状动脉内应用维拉帕米可显著改善冠状动脉灌注和心肌灌注水平,但未观察到其对急诊PCI术后心室重构和短期临床预后的显著影响。     

Relation of hyperemic epicardial flow to outcomes among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving fibrinolytic therapy

In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the restoration of normal epicardial flow following fibrinolytic administration is associated with improved clinical outcomes. The goal of this analysis was to examine the relation between hyperemic flow and outcomes following fibrinolytic administration for STEMI. In Clopidogrel as Adjunctive Reperfusion Therapy-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 28 (CLARITY-TIMI 28), patients with STEMI (n=3,491) treated with fibrinolytic therapy were scheduled to undergo angiography 48 to 192 hours after randomization. Corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) were assessed, and their associations with outcomes at 30 days were evaluated. When evaluating initial angiography of the infarct-related artery, there was a nearly linear relation between CTFC and 30-day mortality, with faster flow (lower CTFC) associated with improved outcomes. Conversely, in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), very fast flow (CTFC<14) after intervention was associated with worse outcomes. Post-PCI hyperemic flow (CTFC<14) was associated with a higher incidence of mortality (p=0.056), recurrent myocardial infarction (p=0.011), and a composite of death or myocardial infarction (p<0.001) compared with normal flow (CTFC 14 to 28). When post-PCI CTFC was further stratified by TMPG, there was a U-shaped relation between mortality and CTFC in patients with poor myocardial perfusion (TMPG 0 or 1). This relation appeared to be linear in patients with TMPG 2 or 3. In conclusion, in patients who undergo PCI after fibrinolytic therapy for STEMI, hyperemic flow on coronary angiography is associated with an increased incidence of adverse outcomes. Hyperemic flow with associated impaired myocardial perfusion may be a marker of more extensive downstream microembolization.     

Impact of thrombus aspiration use and direct stenting on final myocardial blush score in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

BackgroundMany studies have reported that low final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow and/or myocardial blush grade (MBG) are independent predictors of mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In addition, distal coronary embolization is a major pitfall of conventional percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in such a context.AimThis study aimed to assess the impact of thrombus aspiration (TA) use before primary PCI on final myocardial reperfusion in patients presenting with STEMI.MethodsFrom January to December 2006, 100 patients presenting with STEMI in our catheterization laboratory were considered for the present study. During this time period, 50 patients underwent TA before primary PCI for treatment of STEMI and were then matched 1:1 to 50 controls who underwent conventional primary PCI for treatment of STEMI without TA. Patients of the control group were chosen after matching on age±3 years, sex, history of diabetes, and distribution of the infarct related coronary artery during the same period.ResultsBaseline clinical characteristics, initial TIMI flow and initial MBG of both groups were similar. There was a trend for a better final TIMI flow in the group with TA and the final MBG was significantly improved in the group with TA compared to the group without TA: final MBG of two or three in 70% versus 30% of the cases (P=.001). In addition, direct stenting was significantly more often used in the TA group (92% versus 64%, P=.001). There were four patients with evident distal embolizations in the group without TA and none in the group with TA.ConclusionTA use before primary PCI for STEMI treatment resulted in improved final myocardial reperfusion. Of importance, TA use may have led to a better choice of the stent size and more frequent direct stenting. This benefit may directly improve patient outcomes.     

替罗非班和急诊介入治疗富含血栓病变的心肌梗死

目的 观察国产血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗药替罗非班对富含血栓病变的急性心肌梗死患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,pPCI)的疗效.方法 2004年1月～2006年10月,我院确诊急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死并接受pPCI 92例,急诊冠状动脉造影特征为梗死相关血管富含血栓病变,比较使用替罗非班组和对照组患者pPCI后靶血管心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验血流(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)3级例数,校正TIMI帧数(corrected TIMI Frame Count,CTFC),术后2 h抬高的ST段回落程度,心肌型肌酸激酶同工酶(MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase,CK-MB)峰值及峰值时间,无复流或慢血流现象发生率、住院期间及术后6个月主要心血管事件发生率.结果 两组患者一般临床基线特征差异无统计学意义.pPCI后梗死相关血管的TIMI 3级血流率差异未见统计学意义,但替罗非班组在反映心肌灌注水平的指标包括CTFC、术后2 h ST段回落率、CK-MB峰值及酶峰值时间均优于对照组,无复流及慢血流发生率及住院期间主要心血管事件发生率低于对照组,但住院期间出血并发症发生率则高于对照组.结论 对于富含血栓病变的急性心肌梗死患者pPCI再灌注治疗中联合应用替罗非班能减少无复流及慢血流现象的发生,并明显改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的心肌灌注,降低住院期间主要心血管事件发生率.     

靶血管髓过氧化物酶对直接冠状动脉介入治疗后心肌灌注的影响

目的探讨靶血管局部髓过氧化物酶（myeloperoxidase,MPO）浓度对急性心肌梗死患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入（primary percutaneous coronary intervention,PPCI）治疗后心肌灌注的影响。方法纳入行PPCI治疗、并行血栓抽吸术的sT段抬高性心肌梗死患者148为研究对象。冠状动脉造影前,经动脉鞘取血3mL;PPCI治疗前．采用Export XT血栓抽吸导管在靶血管内抽吸血栓,过滤栓子等成分,分离血清备用。按照常规方法植入支架。主要终点为术后心肌呈色分级（myocardialblushgrades,MBG）,次要终点为血流心肌梗死溶栓（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction．TIMI）分级和ST段回落幅度。血清MPO浓度采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测。结果MBG0～1级患者局部MPO浓度为（79．3±8．7）ng／L,MBG2级为（73．7±10．4）ng／L,MBG3级为（53．2±9．8）ng／L,不同MBG分级间血清MPO浓度比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。血流TIMI3级患者局部MPO浓度低于TIMI1～2级者,差异有统计学意义[（59．6±8．8）ng／L％（72．9±7．6）ng／L,P〈O．05]。ST段回落≥70％患者局部MPO浓度低于sT段回落〈70％的患者,差异有统计学意义[（55．3±7.3）ng／Lvs（82．7±8．1）ng／L,P〈O．05]。外周动脉血中的MPO浓度与MBG分级、TIMl分级和sT段是否完全回落没有显著相关（P〉0．05）。结论急性心肌梗死患者中,PPCI治疗后心肌灌注不良伴随靶血管局部MPO浓度升高,全身的MPO浓度与术后心肌灌注无明显关系。     

Relation of corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count and ST‐segment resolution to myocardial tissue perfusion after acute myocardial infarction

Objectives : To evaluate myocardial tissue perfusion by corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (CTFC) and ST‐segment resolution after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Background : Early and sustained potency of infarct‐related artery (IRA) has become the main goal of reperfusion therapy in patients with AMI. However, myocardial tissue perfusion may remain impaired even after the achievement of TIMI grade 3 flow of the epicardial artery without residual stenosis. Methods : CTFC was measured after successful PCI in 63 patients with first AMI. The extent of ST‐segment resolution was recorded 1 hr after reperfusion therapy. The wall motion score index (WMSI) was assessed before and 1 month after PCI. Then we studied the correlation between CTFC, ST‐segment resolution, and WMSI. Results : According to CTFC, the patients with TIMI grade 3 flow after PCI were divided into two groups: CTFC fast group and CTFC slow group. CTFC fast group had higher percentage of complete ST resolution (54.1% vs. 25.0%, P < 0.05) and lower percentage of no ST resolution (2.6% vs. 29.2%, P < 0.05). Improvement of WMSI in the CTFC fast group was significantly greater than that of the CTFC slow group (1.30 ± 0.41 vs. 0.64 ± 0.30, P < 0.05). CTFC had a significant negative correlation with the change in WMSI (r = ?0.75, P < 0.01). Conclusions : Combined with ST‐segment resolution, CTFC could predict risk for patients with successful reperfusion therapy after AMI and provide evidence for additional adjunctive treatment. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

校正TIMI帧数与ST段回落评价老年急性心肌梗死患者支架成形术后心肌组织灌注

目的　观察老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者冠状动脉介入 (PCI)治疗成功后 ,校正的 TIMI帧数 (CTFC)与心电图 ST段回落联合评价心肌组织水平灌注的可行性。方法　选取接受 PCI治疗后血流达 TIMI3级的老年 AMI患者 42例 ,测定 CTFC,并在术前及术后 1月分别测定室壁运动记分 (WMSI)。观察 CTFC与 WMSI之间的相关性 ,同时检查术前及术后 1 h心电图 ST段回落情况。结果　按照 CTFC将 TIMI血流 3级者分为快、慢两组 ,快 CTFC组 ST段回落程度明显优于慢 CTFC组 ;一个月后快 CTFC组的 WMSI改善程度明显优于慢 CTFC组 ,CTFC与术前、术后WMSI的差值有明显的负相关 ;快 CTFC组患者从发病到接受 PCI治疗的时间明显短于慢 CTFC组。结论　 CTFC作为一种定量、客观、简单、经济、重复性好的方法评价心肌微循环灌注情况 ,较低的 CTFC及心电图 ST段回落完全预示着良好的心功能恢复及临床预后 ,可为临床提供是否需要进一步辅助治疗的依据。     

急性心肌梗死手动血栓抽吸后相关动脉内应用替罗非班的研究

目的：评价急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）中应用手动抽吸血栓后经抽吸导管在梗死相关动脉内应用替罗非班的有效性和安全性。方法：选择在我院行急诊PCI手术的心肌梗塞溶栓（TIMI）血栓积分3级以上的STEMI患者96例。随机分为血栓抽吸联合梗死相关动脉内注射盐酸替罗非班组（研究组）46例,常规PCI及静脉滴注盐酸替罗非班组（常规治疗对照组）50例。分析术后两组间造影结果、ST段回落率、肌钙蛋白I（TnI）、左室射血分数（LVEF）水平和主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生率。结果：与常规治疗对照组术后比较,研究组术后校正TIM／血流计帧（CTFC）达到正常血流率（78．0％比93．5％）、心肌染色分级（MBG）达到三级的比例（76．0％比95．7oA）和LVEF[（49．67±7．976）％比（57．01±7．484）％]明显升高（P〈0．05或〈0．01）;cTnI峰值[（65．74土27．223）ng／m[比（49．91±19．442）ng／m1]、MACE发生率（22．0％比6．5％）明显降低（P〈O．01,d0．05）。两组住院期间均未发生出血事件。结论：急诊PCI术中应用手动血栓抽吸并在梗死相关动脉内注射替罗非班较常规治疗效果更好,而且安全。     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗无复流现象相关因素分析

目的探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中出现无复流的相关危险因素。方法选取发病在12h内的1059例STEMI患者给予急诊PCI,收集患者的临床、造影和介入治疗资料。PCI术后,根据心肌梗死溶栓（TIMI）分级和校正TIMI帧数将患者分为正常血流组和无复流组。比较两组患者的基本临床资料、造影结果和手术相关资料的差异,分析STEMI患者急诊PCI术中出现无复流的原因。结果急诊PCI术中无复流组患者118例。正常血流组941例,无复流发生率为11．14％。研究共纳入63个指标,通过单变量分析发现,年龄、症状至PCI时间、谷草转氨酶、氯吡格雷使用情况、干预病变数、狭窄程度及血栓负荷与急诊PCI术中发生无复流具有相关性（P〈0．05）。多变量Logistic回归模型认为,年龄（OR=1．04,95％CI：1．02—1．06）与血栓负荷（OR=1．72,95％CI：1．07～2．76）可作为预测急诊PCI术中无复流发生的独立危险因素。结论年龄与血栓负荷可作为预测急性STEMI患者急诊PCI术中发生无复流的独立危险因素,而糖尿病、高血压、高血脂、吸烟等冠心病的传统危险因素与无复流未见相关性。     

急性心肌梗死患者溶栓后早期PCI的临床疗效及血清NGF、COX-2水平变化

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死患者静脉溶栓后早期行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)的临床疗效及血清神经生长因子(NGF)和环氧化酶-2(COX-2)水平的影响.方法 收集2018年1月～2019年12月驻马店中心医院接诊的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者154例,分为溶栓后早期PCI组(n=70例)和直接PCI(pPCI...     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗中应用抽吸导管对心肌再灌注的影响

目的:分析在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用抽吸导管对心肌再灌注影响.方法:首次STEMI行PCI患者80例,随机分为试验组(41例,应用抽吸导管后再行PCI),对照组(39例,直接行PCI).比较2组术后即刻计算校正TIMI计帧数和心肌Blush分级、术中慢复流现象、心电图90 min ST段下降率.在术后24 h、1周时应用心肌声学造影计算灌注对比积分指数(CSI)、室壁运动积分指数(WMSI).结果:PCI后试验组的校正TIMI计帧数明显低于对照组,Blush分级≥2级获得率高于对照组,慢复流现象减少;再通后90 min心电图相关导联ST段下降率试验组明显大于对照组(P<0.05).同时在研究的每一个时点,试验组CSI、WMSI较对照组明显降低(P<0.05).结论:在STEMI急诊行PCI中应用抽吸导管可改善梗死相关血管前向血流情况,改善心肌再灌注,减少无复流现象.     

TIMI myocardial perfusion frame count: A new method to assess myocardial perfusion and its predictive value for short‐term prognosis

Objectives: We sought to develop a new quantitative method to evaluate the degree of myocardial perfusion. Background: Currently available methods for assessing myocardial perfusion, both TIMI myocardial perfusion grading (TMPG) and myocardial blush grading (MBG), are subjective. Methods: TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Frame Count (TMPFC), an objective method that measures the filling and clearance of contrast in the myocardium using cine‐angiographic frame‐counting, was developed to quantify myocardial perfusion. Myocardial perfusion of 45 normal coronary arteries in 15 patients, and 137 culprit arteries in 137 patients immediately after primary angioplasty, was successfully assessed with TMPFC. Results: The mean TMPFC in the normal arteries was 83.47 ± 17.96 frames (95% CI: 78.07 frames ≤ TMPFC ≤ 88.86 frames). Therefore, TMPFC < 90 frames, a value representing the upper bound of the 95% CI for the TMPFC observed in normal arteries, was defined as normal myocardial perfusion. In 137 culprit arteries, the mean TMPFC values after primary angioplasty for the right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending artery (LAD), and left circumflex artery (LCX) were 141 ± 82.6, 112 ± 80.3, and 102 ± 37.5 frames, respectively. Patients with suboptimal myocardial perfusion (ex: TMPG ≤ 2 or MBG ≤ 2 grade) had higher levels of TMPFC. Furthermore, multivariate analysis shows that the TMPFC was an independent predictor for 30‐day (P = 0.0261) and 6‐month incidence of MACE (P = 0.0207). Conclusions: TMPFC is a quantitative index for the assessment of myocardial perfusion; it allows quantification of TMPG and may serve as a discerning tool to predict prognosis in patients undergoing primary angioplasty. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Early administration of abciximab bolus in the emergency department improves angiographic outcome after primary PCI as assessed by TIMI frame count: results of the early ReoPro administration in myocardial infarction (ERAMI) trial.

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the safety and efficacy of early administration of abciximab prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. BACKGROUND: Research suggests that platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors, e.g. abciximab, may improve myocardial perfusion. In particular, early administration in the emergency department, prior to PCI, may result in more effective reperfusion. METHODS: Eighty AMI patients with planned PCI were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive a 0.25 mg/kg abciximab bolus either "early" in the emergency department or "late" in the catheterization laboratory after angiographic assessment. In total, 74 patients underwent PCI after diagnostic angiography, all of which then received an abciximab infusion of 0.125 microg/kg/min for 12 hr. RESULTS: Prior to PCI, no significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding the angiographic endpoints or ST-segment resolution. After PCI, thrombolysis in MI (TIMI) frame count (TFC) was significantly improved in patients treated early rather than in those treated late (23 +/- 10 vs. 41 +/- 35; P = 0.02). Consistent trends, also favoring early treatment, were observed for TIMI flow grade 3 (TFG 3), corrected TFC (CTFC), and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3 (TMPG 3). Nine deaths (4 early, 5 late) and six significant bleeds (4 early, 2 late) were observed at 30 days after randomization. CONCLUSIONS: Early administration of abciximab is both feasible and safe in patients planned for primary PCI, increasing coronary flow and myocardial reperfusion after PCI, as demonstrated by significantly decreased TFC scores and trends toward improvements in TFG, CTFC, and TMPG.     

替罗非班在老年人急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中预防无复流的临床观察

目的观察老年人急诊PCI术中冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对术后无复流的影响。方法选择急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者163例,随机分为替罗非班组(83例)和对照组(80例)。替罗非班组在导丝通过病变后经导管冠状动脉内注射替罗非班10μg/kg,之后予替罗非班0.15μg/(kg·min)持续静脉滴注24 h。对照组给予常规治疗。观察2组患者TIMI、心肌灌注分级(TMPG),入院后30 d LVEF和左心室舒张末内径,心血管事件及出血并发症。结果替罗非班组TIMI血流3级和TMPG 2～3级比例较对照组明显升高,TIMI血流0～2级和TMPG 0～1级比例较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。替罗非班组LVEF较对照组明显改善,主要心血管事件较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论急诊PCI术中冠状动脉内注射替罗非班减少无复流,改善心肌灌注和心功能,且不增加心血管事件和并发症。     

校正的TIMI帧数评价急性心肌梗死血管成形术后心肌组织灌注

目的观察急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗成功后,即TIMI血流达到3级时,用校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)评价心肌组织水平灌注的可行性.方法选取急性心肌梗死患者急症PCI治疗后血流达TIMI 3级者63例,其中男45例,女18例.测定患者的CTFC,并在术前及术后1个月分别测定室壁运动记分(WMSI).观察CTFC与WMSI之间的相关性.结果按照CTFC将TIMI血流3级者分为快、慢两组,1个月后快CTFC组的WMSI改善程度明显优于慢CTFC组,CTFC与术前、术后WMSI的差值有明显的负相关;快CTFC组患者从发病到接受PCI治疗的时间明显短于慢CTFC组.结论较低的CTFC预示着良好的心功能恢复及临床预后,它是一种定量、客观、简单、经济、重复性好的方法,用其评价心肌循环灌注情况可为临床提供是否需要进一步辅助治疗的证据.     

心肌呈色分级评价急性心肌梗死溶栓疗法的疗效

目的以心肌呈色分级(MBG)评估急性心肌梗死溶栓后的心肌灌注状况.方法89例急性心肌梗死患者给予重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂治疗.各例于给药后90分钟行冠状动脉造影,观察梗死相关动脉前向血流,评估心肌灌注情况,并记录6个月心脏事件发生率.结果溶栓后符合临床再通标准的为87.6%,未再通的为12.4%.冠状动脉造影结果显示,全组梗死相关动脉的再通率(TIMI 2或3级)为82%;心肌再灌注率(MBG 2或3级)为88.8%,完全再通(TIMI 3级)且完全心肌再灌注(MBG 3级)者为40.4%.6个月死亡率为10.1%.多因素分析结果表明,入院时Killip分级和MBG分级是急性心肌梗死死亡的主要独立预测因子(P=0.0001).结论成功的再灌注治疗应该是梗死相关动脉前向血流TIMI 3级且伴良好心肌灌注.     

血糖对直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后患者心肌灌注的影响

目的观察血糖升高对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后的预后和心肌灌注影响。方法选取接受直接PCI治疗的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者308例,根据入院第一次随机血糖分为3组,1组<7.8MMOL/L,2组7.8～11.0MMOL/L,3组≥11.0MMOL/L。1组为血糖正常组,2、3组为血糖升高组。结果入院随机血糖高的患者,女性所占比例较高(19.2%比31.4%、37.9%,P<0.05),平均年龄较大[(58.5±11.3)岁比(61.6±11.2)岁、(63.6±11.2)岁,P<0.05)]。3组与1组相比血甘油三酯[(1.53±0.77)MMOL/L比(1.30±0.67)MMOL/L,P<0.05]浓度较高。冠状动脉造影结果中,2、3组多支血管病变较多(53.8%比72.1%、69.7%,P<005)。PCI术后梗死相关血管TIMI血流分级(TFG)3级,三组差异无统计学意义(89.7%、86.0%和86.3%,P>0.05)。血糖升高的两组,PCI术后梗死相关血管的校正TIMI帧计数(CTFC)数值高于第1组[(28.4±18.3)和(27.1±17.2)比(22.3±12.8),P<0.05],TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)0～1级(30.3%和29.0%比17.3%,P<0.05)多见。PCI术后心电图分析:3组1HST段回落≥50%及3HT波倒置较1组少(56.7%比72.0%,58.3%比73.4%,P<0.05)。左室射血分数在2、3组患者明显降低[(54.9±10.0)和(54.8±10.0)比(57.9±9.0),P<0.05]。血糖≥11.0MMOL/L组30D内病死率高于血糖正常组(10.4%比2.6%,P<0.05)。结论入院随机血糖升高的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者,进行直接介入治疗后的心肌灌注较差,进而影响心功能,增加患者30D内病死率。     

Impact of diabetes mellitus on myocardial perfusion after primary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the impact of diabetes mellitus on myocardial perfusion after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) utilizing myocardial blush grade (MBG) and ST-segment elevation resolution (STR). BACKGROUND: Diabetes is an independent predictor of outcomes after primary PCI for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Whether the poor prognosis is due to lower rates of myocardial reperfusion is unknown. METHODS: Reperfusion success in those with and without diabetes mellitus was determined by measuring MBG (n = 1,301) and STR analysis (n = 700) in two substudies of the Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications (CADILLAC) trial among patients undergoing primary PCI for AMI. RESULTS: There were no differences between those with or without diabetes with regard to postprocedural Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3 (>95%), distribution of infarct-related artery, and the frequency of stent deployment or abciximab administration. Patients with diabetes mellitus were more likely to have absent myocardial perfusion (MBG 0/1, 56.0% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.01) and absent STR (20.3% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.002). Diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio [HR] 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 2.28], p = 0.004) was an independent predictor of absent myocardial perfusion (MBG 0/1) and absent STR (HR 2.94 [95% CI 1.64 to 5.37], p = 0.005) by multivariate modeling. CONCLUSIONS: Despite similar high rates of TIMI flow grade 3 after primary PCI in patients with and without diabetes, patients with diabetes are more likely to have abnormal myocardial perfusion as assessed by both incomplete STR and reduced MBG. Diminished microvascular perfusion in diabetics after primary PCI may contribute to adverse outcomes.     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值对心肌梗死患者心肌灌注及预后的评估

目的观察中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR）对判断急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后患者的心肌灌注和预后的影响。方法选取接受直接PCI治疗的急性STEMI患者551例,根据入院第一次NLR,将患者按照四分位数法分成4组。比较各组患者临床特征、冠脉造影结果,入院30天内的死亡、心血管事件和校正的TIMI帧计数（CTFC）和TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMPG）。结果在NLR最高组中,患者年龄较大,入院舒张压偏低,Killip心功能分级Ⅱ至Ⅳ级患者比例较高（P〈0.05）,血清肌酐〉133μmol/L患者比例增加;双支病变和三支病变患者比例明显高于其他三组（P〈0.05）。同时,CTFC数值高于其他三组,TMPG0-1级比例亦显著增加。左室射血分数明显降低（P〈0.05）;PCI术后30天内的主要心血管事件以及死亡均高于其他3组,具有统计学意义,多元回归分析logNLR与30天内的主要心血管事件相关（r=2.27,P〈0.05）。结论入院时NLR较高的STEMI患者,PCI术后的其心肌灌注较差,且预后不良。     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌灌注评价方法的研究

目的　应用TMP ,CTFC ,maxSTE及sumSTR方法评价急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌组织灌注并探讨其与临床预后的关系。方法　6 5例AMI急诊介入治疗后即刻采用TMP、CTFC及心电图(maxSTE ,sumSTR)方法评价心肌组织灌注,记录6个月心脏事件。结果　与双核素心肌灌注显像对比,检验每种评价方法的敏感性、特异性、准确性;maxSTE敏感性80 % ,特异性85. 7% ,准确性83 .1 % ;TMP敏感性73 3% ,特异性80 % ,准确性76 . 9% ;而CTFC( 4 0 ) ,CTFC( 30 ) ,sumSTR30 %和sum STR( 50 )预测价值较低。多变量回归分析显示TMP 0. 1级、maxSTE高危为6个月心脏事件的独立危险因子。结论　TMP ,maxSTE方法可以较好地评价心肌灌注程度,并对6个月临床预后有较好的预测价值。