狼疮肾患者外周血T细胞交联素V及Fas配体研究

目的　研究狼疮性肾炎患者外周血 T细胞交联素 V和 Fas配体 (Fas L )的表达。　方法　应用流式细胞术定量检测了 2 0名狼疮性肾炎患者和 10名正常对照者的外周血 T细胞体外培养 48h前后 Annexin V和 Fas L的表达。　结果　狼疮肾组外周血淋巴细胞计数与正常对照组相比 ,差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;狼疮肾组 Annexin V和 Fas L表达显著高于正常对照组(P<0 .0 5 ) ,两组 Annexin V、Fas L和血沉三者间呈显著正相关 (P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　狼疮性肾炎患者的 T细胞凋亡增加 ,且与狼疮活动性呈正比。 T细胞凋亡的重要途径之一是通过 Fas L系统发生的。     

金水宝对血液透析患者T细胞凋亡和FasL表达的影响

目的　观察虫草制剂金水宝对维持性血液透析 (MHD)患者外周血 T细胞凋亡和 Fas L表达的影响。　方法　应用流式细胞仪 (FCM)定量检测了 30名 MHD患者 (血透组 )、30名 MHD加金水宝治疗三个月患者 (中药组 )的外周血 T细胞在体外无刺激培养 2 4 h后 Annexin V和 Fas L的表达。　结果　血透组 T细胞 Annexin V和 Fas L表达显著高于中药组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,两组 Annexin V和 Fas L之间呈显著正相关 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而 Annexin V与 Ccr间呈显著负相关 (P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　金水宝可显著减轻 MHD患者的 T细胞凋亡。     

维持性血液透析患者外周血单个核细胞早期凋亡

目的　研究维持性血液透析 (MHD)患者外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)早期凋亡 (Annexin V)。　方法　应用流式细胞仪 (FCM)定量检测终末期肾衰竭未透析患者 (ND)、醋酸纤维膜透析患者 (CA)、聚砜膜透析患者 (PS)和健康自愿者 (C)各10例的 PBMC体外无刺激培养 2 4 h后 Annexin V的表达。　结果　 ND组 Annexin V表达显著高于 C组和 PS组 ,CA组显著高于 C组和 PS组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而 PS组与 C组、CA组与 ND组差异不显著。 Annexin V与 Ccr间呈显著负相关 (P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　透析和尿毒症本身可诱导外周血单个核细胞凋亡增加 ,生物相容性较好的透析膜可减轻细胞凋亡     

系膜增生性肾小球肾炎患者外周血单个核细胞及肾组织PD-L1/PD-L2的表达变化

目的 观察系膜增生性肾小球肾炎患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)及肾组织活检标本中抑制性协同刺激分子PD-L1/PD-L2表达的变化.方法 收集2007年11月-2008年5月在第三军医大学新桥医院住院的25例原发性系膜增生性肾小球肾炎患者作为病例组,另外选择10例正常人作为正常对照组.全血法多色流式细胞染色技术检测两组的PBMC CD4+和CD8+T细胞上PD-L1和PD-L2的表达水平;免疫组化方法检测肾组织活检标本中PD-L1和PD-L2的表达情况.结果 病例组患者PBMC CD4+ T细胞比例(31.78%±8.48%)明显高于正常对照组(22.17%±8.00%,P<0.05),而CD8+ T细胞比例(23.06%±10.32%)与正常对照组(21.56%±5.32%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).病例组患者PBMC CD4+和CD8+ T细胞上PD-L1表达阳性率(分别为14.21%±11.87%、12.92%±12.86%)均较正常对照组(分别为5.39%±4.92%、5.06%±4.61%)显著升高(P<0.05);而两组PBMCCD4+及CD8+T细胞上PD-12的表达很少甚至无表达,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).正常对照组中肾组织PD-L1表达很少甚至无表达,病例组肾小管上皮细胞可见PD-L1阳性表达;两组肾活检组织中均未检测到PD-L2表达.结论 系膜增生性肾小球肾炎患者中抑制性协同刺激分子PD-L1表达上调,可能参与了疾病的免疫发病机制.     

血液透析患者外周血淋巴细胞Fas/FasL的表达及其意义

为探讨外周血淋巴细胞Fas/FasL的表达与血液透析(血透 )患者免疫功能损伤的关系 ,用酶联免疫夹心法检测 4 0例血透患者血浆可溶性Fas、FasL(sFas、sFasL) ,用流式细胞术检测CD3+ 细胞Fas抗原的表达。结果发现 ,血透患者CD3+ Fas表达率显著高于正常对照 (P <0 0 1) ;透析后Fas表达明显降低 (P <0 0 1) ,但FasL表达率仍高于正常对照(P <0 0 5 ) ;血浆sFas水平比对照组明显减低 (P<0 0 1) ,透析后虽有所增加 ,但仍低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。相关分析发现sFas与CD3+ Fas细胞百分比以及尿素氮、肌酐呈显著负相关。提示Fas/FasL表达率增高可促使外周血淋巴细胞凋亡 ,并与血透患者免疫功能低下的发生、发展相关。     

心肌梗死后延迟骨髓细胞移植对大鼠心肌细胞bcl-2/bax mRNA及蛋白表达的影响

目的观察心肌梗死(MI)后恢复期延迟的骨髓单个核细胞(BM-MNCs)移植对心肌细胞bcl-2/bax mRNA及蛋白表达的调节作用,并探讨影响凋亡的可能机制.方法通过结扎大鼠心脏左冠状动脉前降支制成MI模型.2周后第2次开胸,移植组在心外膜下梗死区及周边区多点注射BM-MNCs混悬液200μl(5×106个细胞),对照组予等体积PBS液.TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡,免疫组化法检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白在心肌细胞中的表达水平,原位杂交法检测bcl-2、bax mRNA表达变化.结果 TUNEL结果显示心肌细胞凋亡指数在移植组明显低于对照组(4周0.095±0.017 vs 0.173±0.018, P<0.05;8周0.0926±0.014 vs 0.182±0.015,P<0.05).免疫组化结果表明,移植组Bcl-2蛋白表达高于对照组(4周12.66±3.37 vs 5.68±2.53, P<0.05;8周13.08±3.09 vs 5.02±1.91, P<0.05),Bax蛋白表达则低于对照组(4周11.48±3.13 vs 20.12±3.91, P<0.05;8周9.98±3.03 vs 22.74±3.12, P<0.05).第4、8周(治疗后第2、6周),移植组bax mRNA积分光密度和阳性面积较第2周降低,并低于对照组(P<0.05).结论延迟至心肌梗死后2周行骨髓单个核细胞移植可抑制心肌细胞凋亡,其机制可能与对bcl-2、bax表达的调节有关.     

肾细胞癌外周血淋巴细胞CD44定量检测的临床意义

目的　探讨细胞表面黏附分子CD44在肾细胞癌外周血淋巴细胞中的表达及临床意义。方法　应用流式细胞免疫学方法 ,检测 3 0例肾细胞癌外周血淋巴细胞中CD44的表达 ,并与肾良性病变组 ( 2 0例 )和正常对照组 ( 2 0例 )进行对照。结果　 3 0例肾细胞癌外周血淋巴细胞中CD44的表达均明显高于肾良性病变组和正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,肾良性病变组和正常对照组之间CD44的表达 ,差异无显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。T3+T4 期和T1 +T2 期之间CD44的表达比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。肾癌伴淋巴结转移CD44的表达均高于不伴淋巴结转移(P <0 0 1)。肾癌不同组织类型的CD44的含量差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　肾细胞癌外周血淋巴细胞中CD44的检测对肾肿瘤性质鉴别、肾癌浸润转移和预后的估计有重要临床价值     

125I籽源连续照射诱导人乳腺癌细胞凋亡的研究

目的探讨125I籽源低剂量率γ射线持续照射诱导MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞凋亡过程中Bcl-2/Bax的变化情况.方法用9粒表面放射活度为27.75 MBq的6711型125I籽源连续照射MCF-7细胞72 h后,采用RT-PCR和Western blot法检测Bcl-2和Bax mRNA和蛋白表达.常规细胞流式法和Annexin V标记法直接检测MCF-7细胞凋亡率.结果 MCF-7细胞经125I籽源照射后较对照组Bcl-2 mRNA的表达降低,Bax mRNA的表达升高;Western blot检测Bcl-2/Bax比值,结果对照组为1.89±0.09,125I籽源照射组为0.62±0.08,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).常规细胞流式法检测照射组(n=10)和对照组(n=12)细胞凋亡率分别为(23.61±7.27)%和(2.81±1.68)%,P＜0.05.Annexin V标记法检测两组细胞早期凋亡率分别为(21.46±8.29)%和(1.94±1.38)%,P＜0.05.结论 125I籽源连续照射能够诱导Bcl-2/Bax比值的降低,促进MCF-7细胞的凋亡.     

肌肉注射灭活SARS病毒早期对BALB/c小鼠黏膜部位淋巴细胞表型的影响

目的了解灭活SARS病毒肌肉途径注射小鼠后早期对小鼠黏膜免疫系统的影响.方法将5周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为两组,每组5只,实验组每只小鼠经肌肉注射溶于100μl PBS中的50μg纯化的灭活SARS病毒,对照组注射等量的PBS,3d后处死小鼠,用流式细胞仪测定不同黏膜组织中淋巴细胞表型的变化.结果肌肉注射灭活SARS病毒使鼻黏膜相关淋巴组织(NALT)中CD+4荧光强度显著增加(P<0.05)、CD+3荧光强度有增加趋势(P=0.052);鼻通道(NP)淋巴细胞中CD+4和CD+8构成比显著增加(P<0.05)、CD+3构成比和T/B比值有增加趋势,而CD+4,CD+3和B细胞荧光强度都有显著增加(P<0.05);肺CD+8构成比显著降低(P<0.05)、B细胞构成比显著增加(P<0.01)、CD+4构成比有降低趋势(P=0.238)、T/B比值有降低趋势(P=0.077)、CD+4/CD+8比值有增加趋势,而CD+3荧光强度显著增加(P<0.05)、CD+4荧光强度有增加趋势(P＝0.086);小肠派氏集合淋巴结(PP)中B细胞构成比显著增加(P<0.05).结论肌肉注射SARS灭活病毒早期,可以使多部位黏膜淋巴组织的淋巴细胞表型发生变化,显示其可能诱导机体产生黏膜免疫应答.     

吸入液态氧对海拔3 700m高原人体运动血乳酸及血氨的影响

目的观察吸入液氧对高原人体力竭运动血乳酸及血氨的影响.方法对进驻海拔3 700m高原3个月的10名健康青年在吸入液氧(吸氧组,4L/min)和不吸液氧(对照组)的条件下,采用功率自行车进行递增负荷运动,并在安静时、运动后测定血中血乳酸(BLA)、血氨(Ammo)的变化.结果与安静时比较,对照组和吸氧组运动后BLA、Ammo均增高显著(P<0.05或P<0.01);运动后吸氧组较对照组BLA、Ammo降低显著(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论吸入液氧能延长供氧时间,是提高高原人体运动能力和抗疲劳的理想措施.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.