低强度脉冲超声波联合引导组织再生术促进牙周骨开窗缺损修复的动物实验

目的 探讨低强度脉冲超声波(low intensity pulsed ultrasound,LIPUS)联合引导组织再生术(guided tissue regeneration,GTR)对Beagle犬尖牙牙周骨开窗缺损的修复效应.方法 构建4只Beagle犬尖牙颊侧区根中1/3处牙周骨开窗缺损模型.将4只Beagle犬的16颗双侧上、下颌尖牙(实验牙)按简单随机法平均分配为4组:①实验1组,LIPUS(60 mW/cm2,20 min/d)处理+GTR+牙周骨质缺损组;②实验2组,LIPUS(60 mW/cm2,20 min/d)处理+牙周骨质缺损组;③实验3组,GTR+牙周骨质缺损组;④空白对照组,牙周骨质缺损组.实验共进行28 d.每14天分别测量各组处理前后实验牙牙龈表面温度,并行Wilcoxon符号秩和检验.4周后观察脱钙骨组织切片,分析各组尖牙牙周骨开窗缺损的组织学修复效果.结果 临床观察各组实验牙牙周均愈合良好.各组处理前后的牙龈表面温度差值[M(Q)]分别为:实验1组:0.225(0.463)℃;实验2组:0.265(0.133)℃;实验3组:0.09(0.115)℃;空白对照组:-0.175(0.370)℃,实验1、2组每次处理前后温度变化差异均有统计学意义(P值均为0.027).脱钙骨组织切片观察显示实验1组骨缺损内充满团状新生骨组织,成骨细胞增生活跃,骨胶原较成熟,Masson染色红染明显;实验3组新生牙骨质、牙槽骨较实验2组和空白对照组多,新生骨胶原成熟度不高,Masson染色呈红蓝相间;实验2组新生骨胶原成熟度较实验3组和空白对照组高,Masson染色红染明显;空白对照组可见少量新生牙骨质沿切迹处生长,新生骨胶原不成熟,Masson染色呈红蓝相间.结论 LIPUS具有促进牙周骨开窗缺损修复的潜能,LIPUS与GTR结合可能更利于牙周组织缺损的修复.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)combined with guided tissue regeneration(GTR) for the repair of the periodontal fenestration defect at the canines in Beagle dogs. Methods Four Beagle dogs were used for establishing the periodontal fenestration defect. Sixteen canines of four Beagle dogs were simple randomly assigned into experimental group 1[LIPUS(60 mW/cm2,20 min/d)irradiation + GTR + the periodontal fenestration defect], experimental group 2[LIPUS(60 mW/cm2,20 min/d)irradiation + the periodontal fenestration defect], experimental group 3(GTR+ the periodontal fenestration defect) and control group(the periodontal fenestration defect). Experiments conducted 28 d. The temperature of the gingive′s surface of each group was tested every 14 days(analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test with SPSS 13.0). The demineralized bone tissue slices of the periodontal fenestration were obtained for histologic staining after 4 weeks treatment. Results Clinically all the treatment groups healed well. The change of gingive′s surface temperature[M(Q)] before and after LIPUS irradiating were:0.225(0.463)℃(experimental group 1),0.265(0.133)℃ (experimental group 2),0.090(0.115)℃(experimental group 3);-0.175(0.370)℃(control group). The P value of experimental group 1 and 2 with pre-and post-treatment each time were both 0.027. Histology of the demineralized bone tissue revealed that in experimental group 1, the bone defect was filled with fresh bone-like tissues, proliferatively active osteoblasts and newly formed cementum-like tissues along the defect surface. In experimental group 3, there were more new cementum-and bone-like tissues than in experimental group 2 and control group. In experimental group 2,the new bone collagen was more mature than in experimental group 3 and control group. In control group,there was less growth of new cementum along the notch, and the new bone collagen was immature. Conclusions LIPUS combined with GTR may have the potential of promoting the repair of periodontal fenestration defect.     

异种脱细胞真皮基质引导即刻种植种植体周围骨缺损再生能力的实验研究

目的：运用异种脱细胞真皮基质进行引导骨组织再生术（guided bone regeneration,GBR）评价修复种植体周围骨缺损能力,为临床应用提供指导。方法：在4只成年Beagle犬下颌第2、3、4前磨牙新鲜拔牙创即刻植入种植体,并在颊侧形成3mm×3mm×5mm骨缺损区,按自身同期对照研究设计,右侧为实验侧,骨缺损区上覆盖海奥膜;左侧为空白对照侧,骨缺损区不覆盖海奥膜。术后1、4个月分别处死一组动物,摘取下颌骨,采用大体观察、x线摄片、组织学观察测定等方法检测缺损区骨组织再生的情况。结果：实验侧种植体周围骨缺损区较空白对照侧新骨生成量多,加速了骨组织的再生过程。结论：异种脱细胞真皮基质具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,可用作骨组织引导再生膜,促进骨缺损的再生修复。     

可注射牙槽骨修复材料引导牙周组织再生的动物研究

目的：建立实验动物牙周炎模型,评价含四环素的新型可注射牙槽骨修复材料用于引导牙周组织再生的实际效果。方法：选用15只雄性、健康的杂交犬,在双侧上颌尖牙的近中根面放置不锈钢网6周,建立实验动物牙周炎模型。在上颌尖牙近中牙槽骨处制作3壁骨内袋缺损,分别随机将含有1％、5％、10％四环素（TTC）的不饱和聚磷酸酯／β－磷酸三钙复合物（UPPE／β－TCP）直接注射入一侧的牙周骨缺损区（实验组）,另一侧不植入任何材料（空白对照组）。术后16周处死动物,常规制备组织病理学样本,对实验组和空白对照组牙周组织的再生情况进行组织学和形态学评价,并对实验结果进行单因素方差分析和组间多重比较。结果：植入UPPE／β－TCP／TTC复合物的牙周骨缺损区内均可见新骨和新牙骨质形成等牙周组织再生现象,无明显的炎症反应,部分UPPE／β－TCP／TTC复合材料被新生骨组织所替代,且新生骨组织、新生牙骨质和新生牙周结缔组织附着宽度与空白对照组间的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：含TTC的新型可注射牙槽骨修复材料UPPE／β－TCP复合物可为牙周骨缺损区的愈合提供稳定的空间,并促进牙周组织的愈合,有望用于牙周组织再生治疗。     

种植体＋bFGF基因修饰骨髓基质细胞复合Bio-Oss胶原修复犬颌骨缺损的实验研究

目的:(1)观察经bFGF基因转染的犬骨髓基质细胞(BMSC)复合多孔矿化Bio-Oss胶原骨修复下颌骨极限骨缺损的效果.(2)观察骨融合种植体与骨髓来源的成骨细胞及多孔矿化Bio-Oss胶原支架复合体,植入体内后新骨的形成及与种植体的愈合情况.方法:用脂质体转染技术将bFGF基因转入犬BMSC,将转染和未转染细胞分别与Bio-Oss及凝胶复合.杂种犬8只,按植人物不同分为2组:(1)种植体+犬BMSC+凝胶+Bio-Oss胶原材料组;(2)种植体+bFGF基因转染犬BMSC+凝胶+Bio-Oss胶原材料组,修复犬下颌骨极限骨缺损.于术后24周取材,分别行大体、放射线、组织学观察骨缺损的修复情况.结果:(1)种植体+犬BMSC+凝胶+Bio-Oss骨胶原组,基本上由新生骨组织所修复,但骨组织密度稍不均匀,种植体与周嗣骨组织基本上形成骨结合.(2)种植体+bFGF基因转染犬BMSC+凝胶+Bio-Oss胶原材料组:骨缺损区基本由新生成熟的骨组织所修复,骨小梁形成,与种植体骨结合良好.结论:Bio-Oss骨胶原为载体的自体骨髓基质细胞移植能有效地修复骨缺损,是骨组织工程良好的支架材料,并且种植体与组织工程骨能够形成良好的骨结合.     

异种脱细胞真皮基质引导即刻种植种植体周围骨缺损再生能力的实验研究

目的:运用异种脱细胞真皮基质进行引导骨组织再生术(Guide bone regeneration,GBR)评价修复种植体周围骨缺损能力,为临床应用提供指导.方法:在4只成年Beagle犬下颌第2、3、4前磨牙新鲜拔牙创即刻植入种植体,并在颊侧形成3mm×3 mm×5 mm骨缺损区,按自身同期对照研究设计,右侧为实验侧,骨缺损区上覆盖异种脱细胞真皮基质膜;左侧为空白对照侧,骨缺损区不覆盖膜.术后1、4个月分别处死一组动物,摘取下颌骨,采用大体观察、X线摄片、组织学观察测定等方法检测缺损区骨组织再生的情况,结果:实验侧种植体周围骨缺损区较空白对照侧新骨形成量多,加速了骨组织的再生过程.讨论:异种脱细胞真皮基质具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,在早期骨愈合中具有重要作用.结论:异种脱细胞真皮基质可用作骨组织引导再生膜,促进骨缺损的再生修复.     

早期不同时间种植体骨界面改建的骨组织定量测定

目的建立种植体植入Beagle犬下颌骨的动物模型,应用Micro-CT对早期的种植体周围骨组织情况进行分析研究。方法选用4只健康纯系雄性Beagle犬,随机分A、B两组,拔除下颌双侧第4前磨牙、第1磨牙,3个月后在相应缺牙区植入8枚植体,分别在植入后2周、4周处死两只Beagle犬,并对其作相应临床检查及Micro-CT检测。结果各组实验犬拔牙创愈合良好,种植体成功植入相应拔牙位点,各项临床指标无明显差异,Micro-CT检测显示种植体植入后2周的骨体积分数大于植体植入后4周的骨体积分数,且两组具有显著统计学差异(P≤0.01),其余骨微结构计量无统计学差异。结论成功建立口腔种植Beagle犬动物实验模型,早期植体周围骨愈合是一个骨吸收骨生成的骨组织改建或骨组织修复过程,植体植入后4周其周围骨吸收大于骨生成,Micro-CT能很好地应用于口腔种植骨微结构分析研究。     

骨形态蛋白复合物联合引导组织再生技术修复牙周骨缺损的实验研究

目的评价骨形态蛋白复合物联合引导组织再生技术修复牙周骨缺损的效果。方法选择6只新西兰兔，制备下前牙牙周骨缺损模型，将其分为3组：GTR组(牙周骨缺损处植入胶原膜)、BMP组(牙周骨缺损处植入骨形态蛋白复合物和胶原膜)和OFD组(牙周骨缺损处未植入任何物，对照组)。术后12周分别观察各组缺损处的组织学变化。结果BMP组骨缺损处只见少量的软组织，新生骨组织的量及其成熟程度明显优于GTR组和OFD组，显示骨组织修复良好。结论骨形态蛋白复合物联合GTR技术修复牙周骨缺损，与传统的GTR术和牙周翻瓣术相比，更能有效促进牙周骨组织再生与修复。     

骨形成蛋白与胶原基纳米骨修复牙周骨缺损的实验研究

目的 探讨重组人骨形成蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)和胶原基纳米骨复合材料(nHAC)修复牙周骨缺损的效果.方法 制备小型猪牙周骨缺损模型,设立rhBMP-2-nHAC复合材料植入组、空白对照组和单纯植入胶原基纳米骨组,术后8周观察各组间修复效果及组织病理学变化,通过骨组织形态计量学测定分析评价牙周骨组织的再生情况.结果 术后8周可见复合材料植入组大量新生牙周组织生长,四环素单标记表面、四环素双标记表面、骨矿化沉积率、骨体积、类骨质表面、成骨细胞表面等骨组织形态计量学结果 与空白对照组和单纯胶原基纳米骨组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05).结论 rhBMP-2和nHAC可明显促进牙周骨缺损修复.     

贝壳多孔羟基磷灰石基骨修复材料和骨形成蛋白-2联合应用引导犬牙周组织再生效果初步评估

目的初步评估贝壳多孔羟基磷灰石基骨修复材料及该材料和骨形成蛋白-2联合应用引导比格犬牙周组织再生的效果。方法选取18月龄比格犬6只,牙周基础治疗后1周,在下颌第二、三、四前磨牙,建立急性牙周骨缺损模型,依照分组情况进行不同治疗。实验组（T组）植入骨修复材料和骨形成蛋白-2;阴性对照组（NC组）植入骨修复材料;空白对照组（BC组）不植入任何材料。实验设计采取同颌同名牙对照,同一只比格犬的3对同颌同名牙分别为：空白对照组和阴性对照组,阴性对照组和实验组,空白对照组和实验组。术后12周,处死动物,Micro-CT检查并对数据进行统计学分析。结果材料植入后,未见材料溢出,植入局部和全身都未见明显不良反应。3组缺损都有一定程度骨再生,以T组再生组织量最多,BC组最少。Micro-CT结果显示：T组、NC组和BC组的骨再生平均高度为（4.50±0.47）mm（、1.75±0.42）mm和（0.87±0.31）mm。NC组和BC组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。T组与NC组和BC组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且有临床意义。结论贝壳多孔羟基磷灰石基骨修复材料和骨形成蛋白-2联合应用于比格犬,可以获得更好的引导组织再生效果。     

Bio-Gide生物膜引导再生骨中种植体短期成功率的临床回顾

目的：评估141例通过Bio-Gide生物膜引导的再生骨中种植和负重的259枚种植体的成功率方法：选择种植术区存在骨缺损，可通过GBR技术修复骨缺损的患者141例其中123例202枚种植体周存在水平向骨吸收，种植体通过GBR可同期植入；18例57枚种植体周骨缺损量较大，存在垂直向多壁骨缺损，需先通过GBR技术引导新骨生成，6—8个月后再植入种植体。生物膜均采用可吸收性的Bio—Gide膜，骨移植物为自体骨与Bio—OSS骨粉的混合物术后1、3、6月进行X光检查及临床检查。二期手术时，对新生骨组织量进行评估：种植修复体完成后，分别于戴牙后6、12、24月定期复诊，检查种植体周围骨组织的吸收及种植体周围软组织情况：结果：二期手术时，141例253枚种植体均已与骨组织形成理想的骨结合，6枚种植体周围形成纤维愈合而失败，后经重新种植，所有种植体均顺利完成种植义齿修复。修复后随访6—24个月，种植体均能成功地恢复咬he功能。结论：Bio—Gide生物膜引导再生骨中种植体成功率为96．9％，与正常骨组织中种植修复的成功率不存在明显差异。     

低强度脉冲超声波对Beagle犬牙槽骨缺损的修复效应

目的利用低强度脉冲超声波（LIPUS）辐照Beagle犬下颌前磨牙水平型牙槽骨缺损模型,探讨其促进急性牙槽骨缺损修复的潜在效应。方法选用4只Beagle犬的下颌双侧第三、四前磨牙颊侧区,制备釉牙骨质界下6 mm深的水平型牙槽骨缺损模型。左右两侧随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用LIPUS辐照（ISATA 30 mW·cm-2,20 min·d-1）,对照组为不开功率源的假辐照。辐照8周后,使用双能X线骨密度仪检测新生牙槽骨骨密度,脱钙骨组织切片观察新生牙槽骨的组织学效应。结果实验组与对照组新生牙槽骨骨密度分别为（0.605 3±0.056 6）g·cm-2、（0.604 7±0.055 2）g·cm-2,2组之间的差异无统计学意义（P=0.983 9）。脱钙骨组织切片苏木精-伊红染色显示实验组新生牙槽骨周边成骨细胞成排排列,数量较多,而对照组成骨细胞散在分布,数量少;Masson染色示实验组新生骨组织中胶原呈鲜红色,成熟度高,而对照组以蓝色为主,可见绿色区域,成熟度偏低。结论LIPUS辐照对急性水平型牙槽骨缺损具有潜在的修复效应。     

即刻种植后采用GBR术和植入PRF对骨结合影响的实验研究

目的：比较研究即刻种植后用GBR术和植入PRF对种植体周骨缺损区的成骨能力。方法：以成年Bea-gle犬为实验动物,拔除犬双侧下颌P2、 P3、 P4牙,即刻植入种植体,所植入的种植体距近中根拔牙窝的近中壁有3～4mm的骨缺损间隙,采用半口自身对照,一侧行即刻种植＋GBR （A组）,一侧即刻种植＋PRF （B组）,术后三个月处死动物,取下带有种植体的下颌骨标本,进行组织学观察。对两组种植体周围的骨结合率和新骨生成率运用统计软件SPSS13.0进行统计学分析。结果： A组、 B组骨缺损处3个月时均被新骨充填,两组种植体周围的骨结合率和新骨生成率差异无统计学意义。结论：限于本研究中,即刻种植术中采用GBR和植入PRF对骨缺损区的引导骨再生效果相同。     

钛网成型自体颗粒骨复合骨修复材料修复兔下颌骨缺损的实验研究

目的:评价钛网成型自体颗粒骨复合骨修复材料移植重建兔下颌骨节段性缺损的成骨效果.方法:18只新西兰家兔,均建立单侧下颌骨节段性缺损模型,随机分为3组,用钛网成型重建下颌骨外形后,分别移植自体颗粒骨、骨修复材料和自体颗粒骨复合骨修复材料.术后12周取移植骨做组织学检查及Micro-CT检查.应用SPSS 14.0软件包对...     

Alveolar bone formation at dental implant dehiscence defects following guided bone regeneration and xenogeneic freeze‐dried demineralized bone matrix

The present study evaluated rate and extent of alveolar bone formation in dental implant dehiscence defects following guided bone regeneration(GBR) and implantation of xenogeneic freeze‐dried demineralized bone matrix (xDBM). A total of 16 titanium plasma‐sprayed (TPS) and 16 hydroxyapatite‐coated (HA) titanium cylinder implants were inserted in 4 mongrel dogs following extraction of the mandibular premolar teeth. Four implant sites per jaw quadrant (2 TPS and 2 HA implant sites) were prepared into extraction sockets in each dog. Buccal alveolar bone was removed to create 3 x 5 mm dehiscence defects. Two jaw quadrants in separate animals received GBR, GBR+xDBM, xDBM (control), or gingival flap surgery alone (GFS; control). Thus, four conditions were available for each implant type (TPS or HA): GBR, GBR+xDBM; xDBM and GFS. The animals received fluorescent bone labels to allow observations of rate and extent of bone formation. Animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks postsurgery and block sections were harvested for histologic analysis. There were no apparent histologic differences between TPS and HA implant defects. GBR and GBR+xDBM resulted in almost complete bone closure of the dental implant dehiscence defect. Rate of bone formation appeared higher following GBR alone. Extent of bone formation appeared somewhat greater following GBR+xDBM; however, delayed. xDBM alone did not adequately resolve the bony defect. In conclusion, GBR results in rapid, clinically relevant bone closure of dental implant dehiscence defects. Adjunctive implantation of xDBM does not appear to significantly improve the healing response in the model used.     

Alveolar bone formation at dental implant dehiscence defects following guided bone regeneration and xenogeneic freeze-dried demineralized bone matrix.

The present study evaluated rate and extent of alveolar bone formation in dental implant dehiscence defects following guided bone regeneration (GBR) and implantation of xenogeneic freeze-dried demineralized bone matrix (xDBM). A total of 16 titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) and 16 hydroxyapatite-coated (HA) titanium cylinder implants were inserted in 4 mongrel dogs following extraction of the mandibular premolar teeth. Four implant sites per jaw quadrant (2 TPS and 2 HA implant sites) were prepared into extraction sockets in each dog. Buccal alveolar bone was removed to create 3 x 5 mm dehiscence defects. Two jaw quadrants in separate animals received GBR, GBR + xDBM, xDBM (control), or gingival flap surgery alone (GFS; control). Thus, four conditions were available for each implant type (TPS or HA): GBR, GBR + xDBM; xDBM and GFS. The animals received fluorescent bone labels to allow observations of rate and extent of bone formation. Animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks postsurgery and block sections were harvested for histologic analysis. There were no apparent histologic differences between TPS and HA implant defects. GBR and GBR + xDBM resulted in almost complete bone closure of the dental implant dehiscence defect. Rate of bone formation appeared higher following GBR alone. Extent of bone formation appeared somewhat greater following GBR + xDBM; however, delayed. xDBM alone did not adequately resolve the bony defect. In conclusion, GBR results in rapid, clinically relevant bone closure of dental implant dehiscence defects. Adjunctive implantation of xDBM does not appear to significantly improve the healing response in the model used.     

Long-term stability of autogenous bone grafts following combined application with guided bone regeneration

The aim of the study was to compare the long-term stability of membranous and endochondral autogenous bone grafts with or without combined application of guided bone regeneration (GBR). Twenty-five, male, 6-month old, albino rats were used in the study. The animals were divided into four groups (A5, A11, B5 and B11). Group A5 (control): The inferior border of the mandible was exposed in both sides. At one side of the jaw, a calvarial bone graft (baseline -3 x 4 x 0.64 mm) was placed at the inferior border of the mandible and was fixed with a standardized screw-type titanium microimplant. At the contralateral side, an ischiac bone graft (baseline -3 x 4 x 0.87) was transplanted. The healing period was 5 months. Group A11 (control): The animals were treated in the same manner as in Group A5 with the difference that the healing period was 11 months. Group B5 (test): The animals were treated in the same manner as in Group A5 with the difference that an e-PTFE membrane was adapted over the bone graft on each side of the jaw. Group B11 (test): The animals were treated in the same manner as in Group B5 with the difference that 5 months following transplantation the animals were subjected to a second operation and the membranes were removed. The healing period was 11 months. The animals were killed at 5 (Groups A5 and B5) or at 11 months (Groups A11 and B11) following mandibular augmentation and the jaws were defleshed. The width, the length and the thickness/height of the bone graft were evaluated by means of a stereomicroscope. At 5 months, both types of the membrane-treated bone grafts presented increase in all dimensions compared with baseline. However at 11 months, both types of the membrane-treated bone grafts exhibited a decrease in their dimensions which were similar to the baseline measurements. In the control groups, both types of bone graft presented significant resorption both at 5 and at 11 months with the ischiac bone grafts presenting more resorption in width and length than the calvarial bone grafts. It can be concluded that the long-term volume stability of autogenous endochondral and membranous onlay bone grafts combined with GBR is superior to that of autogenous endochondral and membranous onlay bone grafts alone.     

引导骨再生术在上颌前牙骨缺损中的的临床应用研究

［摘要］ 目的 应用锥束CT(CBCT)评价引导骨再生术(GBR)在上颌前牙骨缺损病例位点保存术后的临床效果。方法 对28颗上前牙拔除后存在骨缺损的病例分别给予不同处理:其中A组9例拔牙窝及骨缺损处填充Bio-oss;B组9例填充Bio-oss,骨缺损处置Bio-Guide生物膜;C组10例自然愈合。术后6～8周、20～22周2次复诊,摄CBCT测量缺牙处唇舌向牙槽嵴宽度,行不同组间及组内的前后比较。结果 各组牙槽嵴宽度前后测量存在差异(P<0.05);A组与B组间差异不明显(P>0.05),A、B组与C组间前后差值存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 GBR术促进颊舌向骨组织再生,有利于骨缺损的恢复。通过位点保存技术能为拔牙后存在明显骨缺损的病例后期种植提供良好的种植条件;CBCT能为临床提供精确的术前术后诊断依据。     

The effects of bone grafting material and a collagen membrane in the ridge splitting technique: an experimental study in dogs

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of bone graft materials and collagen membranes in ridge splitting procedures with immediate implant placement using a dog model. Materials and methods: Mandibular premolars were extracted in five beagle dogs. After 3 months, ridge splitting and placement of three OsseoSpeed^? implants were performed bilaterally. The gaps between the implants were allocated according to the following eight treatment modalities; Group 1(no graft), Group 2 (autogenous bone), Group 3 (Bio‐Oss^® Collagen), Group 4 (Bio‐Oss^®), Group 5 (no graft+BioGide^®), Group 6 (autogenous bone+BioGide^®), Group 7 (Bio‐Oss^® Collagen+BioGide^®), and Group 8 (Bio‐Oss^®+BioGide^®). The dogs were sacrificed after 8 or 12 weeks and the specimens were analyzed histologically and histometrically. Results: The gaps between the implants were filled with the newly formed bone, irrespective of which of the eight grafting techniques was used. Group 1 revealed a significantly lower percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) than Group 5 at 8 and 12 weeks (P<0.05). Group 1 showed the most prominent marginal bone loss (MBL) at 12 weeks (P<0.05). Regarding the use of membranes, Groups 1 and 2 showed significantly more MBL than Groups 5 and 6 at 12 weeks (P<0.05). Conclusions: After ridge splitting, if the gaps between implants were grafted or covered with collagen membranes, a higher percentage of BIC was obtained. Based on our results, we suggest that the use of bone graft materials and/or collagen membranes is better for the prevention of MBL after ridge splitting procedures. To cite this article:
Han J‐Y, Shin S‐I, Herr Y, Kwon Y‐H, Chung J‐H. The effects of bone grafting material and a collagen membrane in the ridge splitting technique: an experimental study in dogs.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx , 2011; 000–000
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02127.x