支点弯曲位X线片预测脊柱侧凸三维矫形效果的价值

目的:评价支点弯曲位X线片在预测特发性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱矫形融合术效果的价值。方法:对37例特发性脊柱侧凸患者的43个结构性弯曲行术前站立位﹑仰卧侧屈位和支点弯曲位X线摄片,并与术后一周的站立位X线片比较。测量所有Cobb角并进行统计学评价。结果:胸弯组和腰弯组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为43°和22°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为38°和19°,术后Cobb角分别为37°和19°。前路手术组和后路手术组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为47°和13°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为42°和9°,术后Cobb角分别为41°和9°。严重侧弯组和中度侧弯组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为52°和22°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为49°和19°,术后Cobb角分别为45°和20°。僵硬侧弯组和柔软侧弯组仰卧侧屈位平均Cobb角分别为51°和22°,支点弯曲位平均Cobb角分别为48°和17°,术后Cobb角分别为43°和19°。结论:支点弯曲位X线片比传统摄片能更好地评估特发性脊柱侧凸患者在脊柱矫形融合术中所获得的矫正效果,但对严重或较僵硬的侧凸矫形效果预测较差。     

胸腔镜下前路松解联合后路矫形治疗脊柱畸形

目的:评价胸腔镜下前路松解联合后路矫形对脊柱畸形的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的19例脊柱畸形行胸腔镜辅助前路松解及后路脊柱畸形矫形植骨融合术患者的临床资料及治疗结果。结果:胸腔镜手术时间平均120min,前路松解、阻滞椎间盘平均4.2个。术后14例特发性脊柱侧凸Cobb角平均被纠正到29.4°,4例神经纤维瘤病性脊柱侧凸Cobb角平均被纠正到28°,1例胸椎后凸Cobb角被纠正到58.5°。术后平均随访17.5个月,无矫正度的丢失和其它神经系统及血管损伤并发症。结论:胸腔镜辅助前路脊柱松解是安全、有效的微创手术,联合后路矫形治疗脊柱畸形可获得满意治疗效果。     

前路Moss Miami器械矫形治疗特发性胸腰段或腰段脊柱侧凸

目的:评价MossMiami前路矫形系统对特发性胸腰段或腰段脊柱侧凸的手术效果。方法:对21例胸腰段或腰段特发性脊柱侧凸患者经前路胸腹联合入路行MossMiami矫形内固定,自体肋骨椎间植骨融合术。测量手术前后Cobb角以及躯干侧方位移。结果:Cobb角术前平均53°,术后平均5°,矫正率为90%。上方代偿性胸椎侧凸术前平均17°,术后矫正至平均5°。下方代偿性腰骶椎侧凸术前平均43°,术后自发矫正至19°。随访12~24个月,Cobb角平均丢失19.7°,胸腰段(T11~L1)术前平均前凸0.3°(0~4°),术后平均后凸3°(0~5°)。躯干侧方位移从术前平均26mm矫正至术后5mm。1例术后出现一侧下肢交感神经切断症状,2例术后并发气胸。无感染、截瘫及内固定失败等并发症发生。结论:MossMiami前路器械具有操作简单和低切迹的优点。棒的预弯、去旋转矫形、正确选择螺钉置入部位和椎间植骨可防止固定节段后凸畸形的形成。对Risser征小于4度的患者应密切观察上方代偿性胸椎侧凸进展情况。     

前路一期病变椎体切除并重建治疗胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形

目的:观察前路一期病变椎体切除、人工椎体或钛网融合器植骨替代、椎体钉板或钉棒系统内固定治疗连续两个及以上节段胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形的疗效。方法:34例病变累及连续两个及两个以上椎节的胸腰椎结核患者,术前后凸Cobb角27.8°￣65.4°(38.6°±10.3°),一期行前路病变椎体切除,椎间撬拔撑开复位,人工椎体或钛网融合器植骨替代,辅以椎体钉板或钉棒系统短节段邻近椎节内固定,重建脊柱稳定性,术后均给予短疗程化疗。观察术后局部疼痛缓解、脊髓神经功能恢复、后凸畸形矫正及脊柱稳定性情况。结果:患者术后局部疼痛缓解,术前伴有脊髓神经损伤的12例患者术后神经功能均有不同程度恢复。影像学检查示脊柱内固定物位置良好,椎体序列恢复良好,椎间高度恢复。后凸Cobb角矫正至2.1°￣14.2°(7.5°±8.3°),平均矫正31.2°±8.5°。随访18￣54个月,平均35个月。末次随访时后凸矫正度丢失4.3°±3.8°,均无结核复发。结论:连续两个及两个以上节段的胸腰椎结核采用前路一期行病变椎体切除有利于病灶彻底清除,减少复发;也有利于椎管彻底减压。前路椎体替代、植骨内固定重建脊柱稳定性可更好地纠正和预防脊柱后凸畸形。     

小切口微创与开放前路矫形内固定术治疗特发性胸腰椎脊柱侧凸的临床疗效比较

目的比较传统开放与保护膈肌的小切口微创前路矫形内固定术治疗胸腰椎脊柱侧凸的临床疗效和并发症。方法系统性回顾分析72例特发性胸腰椎脊柱侧凸患者的临床资料。其中A组34例,行保护膈肌的小切口微创前路矫形内固定术,男3例,女31例,平均年龄16岁(12~25岁),术前Cobb角平均58°(42°~76°),内固定节段T11~L318例,T11~L410例,T11~L26例;B组38例,行传统开放胸腰段前路矫形内固定术,男4例,女34例,平均年龄17岁(13~26岁),术前冠状面Cobb角平均54°(40°~74°),内固定节段T10~L37例,T11~L320例,T11~L411例。结果A组随访12~24个月(平均18个月),术后Cobb角平均12°,纠正率为81%,4例胸腰段后凸畸形术后矢状面恢复形态良好。最终随访冠状面Cobb角平均14°,丢失率4%。出现手术侧下肢皮温升高3例,术后渗出性胸膜炎2例,胸腔积液2例(其中1例行穿刺引流)。B组随访6~22个月(平均13个月)。术后冠状面侧凸术后平均15°,矫正率73%,最终随访Cobb角平均18°,丢失率5%。5例出现手术侧下肢皮温升高,胸腔积液2例。结论保护膈肌的小切口微创胸腰椎脊柱侧凸前路矫形是可行的,在减少手术创伤的同时能够达到与传统入路相似的临床疗效,并发症的发生率无明显增加,具有较大的临床实用价值。     

电视辅助胸腔镜下脊柱侧凸矫形融合术

目的:探讨电视辅助胸腔镜下脊柱侧凸矫形融合术的操作技术和初期临床结果。方法:回顾性分析我院2003年3月至2004年1月完成的10例胸腔镜下Eclipse矫形融合术病例,特发性脊柱侧凸9例,先天性脊柱侧凸1例,年龄11￣17岁,平均13.3岁。对手术前后及随访时冠状面和矢状面Cobb角进行测量,并对手术时间、术中出血量、围手术期并发症及初步矫形效果进行分析。结果:手术时间平均6.5h,固定融合节段5￣7个(平均6.3个)椎体,每一节段手术时间0.75￣1.70h(平均1.1h),手术总失血量200～600ml(平均360ml)。手术前后主胸弯冠状面Cobb角分别为44.0°和16.4°,手术矫形率63.2%;手术前后腰弯冠状面Cobb角分别为29.0°和12.9°,自动矫形率54.4%。随访6￣24个月,平均14.7月,随访时胸、腰弯冠状面Cobb角分别为20.1°和19.6°,分别丢失3.7°和6.7°。手术前后主胸弯的顶椎偏距分别为28.6mm和9.6mm,腰弯的顶椎偏距分别为14.1mm和8.6mm。手术前后矢状面上胸后凸的Cobb角分别为12.3°和23.9°。结论:电视辅助胸腔镜下脊柱侧凸矫形融合术具有创伤小,出血少和小切口美容效果,对轻中度侧凸可获得良好矫形效果,但矫形容易丢失。     

特发性脊柱侧凸矫形前后椎管长度的观察

目的:探讨特发性脊柱侧凸矫形前后椎管长度的改变与侧凸类型、矫形手段、严重程度等因素的相关性。研究对象与方法:回顾各型脊柱侧凸(共32例)术前及术后X线片,以T_1～S_1椎体的质心连线代表椎管长度,进行测量与比较。结果:术后椎管获得延长的侧凸及手术类型从多到少排列依次有:KingⅢ型(Cobb角>90°)前路松解联合后路矫形内固定;King Ⅱ型(Cobb角45～90°)后路矫形;KingⅢ型(Cobb角45～90°)后路矫形;KingⅣ型侧凸后路矫形内固定。术后椎管缩短的侧凸及手术类型有:King Ⅰ型侧凸、KingⅤ型侧凸及胸腰椎双侧凸经后路矫形,胸腰段侧凸前路矫形。结论:并非所有类型的侧凸在矫形术中均可出现椎管的延长。而采用何种矫形方式可能是矫形后椎管是否发生延长的关键。     

不同手术入路对青少年特发性胸腰段/腰段脊柱侧凸矫形术后椎间角变化的影响

目的 分析比较青少年特发性胸腰段/腰段脊柱侧凸前路或后路矫形固定融合术后椎间角的变化.方法 回顾性分析此类患者接受前路(组A)或后路(组B)矫形固定融合手术前后侧凸Cobb角及椎间角的变化.结果 组A共30例患者,组B共12例患者.组A与组B术前、术后主弯冠状面Cobb角分别为48.9°和11.7°,44.3°和5.3°,矫形率分别为76.1%和87.7%.随访时冠状面Cobb角分别为18.1°和7.7°.术前、术后及随访时椎间角组A分别为3.2°、5.6°和8.2°,组B分别为3.3°、3.6°和3.2°.二组间比较,术后侧凸冠状面Cobb角、侧凸矫形率、随访时侧凸冠状面Cobb角、冠状面Cobb角丢失组B均优于组A(P=0.022,P:0.022,P=0.005,P=0.019);术后椎间角组A与组B比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.068),随访时椎间角组A较组B大(P=0.001),随访时椎间角丢失组A较组B多(P=0.043).结论 对于青少年特发性脊柱胸腰段/腰段侧凸,采用后路全椎弓根螺钉矫形固定融合手术随访时椎间角及椎间角丢失优于前路手术.     

前路松解术在重度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸治疗中的价值

目的探讨前路松解在重度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸治疗中的作用. 方法回顾性分析1998年1月至2001年12月间26例重度脊柱侧凸的手术治疗结果,其中男7例,女19例;年龄平均15岁(10～21岁).24例可根据King对特发性脊柱侧凸的分型,其中King Ⅰ 4例,King Ⅱ 9例,King Ⅲ 5例,King Ⅳ 4例,King Ⅴ 2例;另2例为胸腰段侧凸.术前站立位主侧凸平均89.8°,重力悬吊牵引位平均66.5°,反向弯曲位平均67.7°,支点反向弯曲平均为61.2°,胸椎后凸平均43.5°.术前顶椎偏离骶正中线的距离为39.7 mm.前路松解后一期行后路手术6例,2周后二期行后路手术治疗20例. 结果 20例二期后路手术者,前路松解术后脊柱活动度与术前悬吊位X线片比较,平均增加了17.8°.术后主侧凸冠状面Cobb角平均52.6°,胸椎后凸28.4°.冠状面平均矫正38.2°,矫正率平均43.1%,术后顶椎偏离骶正中线的距离为9.9 mm.随访时间平均2.3年(6个月～4年),随访时主侧凸平均Cobb角54.9°,矫正丢失6.4%,无断棍、植骨不融合及假关节的病例. 结论重度侧凸术前侧凸的柔韧性<20%的患者,单纯前路松解对增加脊柱的活动度意义不大,术后畸形的矫正效果不佳,应考虑前路的截骨来增加脊柱的柔韧性以使侧弯得到最大限度的矫正.     

特发性脊柱侧凸双侧椎旁肌褪黑素受体含量的差异性比较研究

目的研究特发性脊柱侧凸椎旁肌中褪黑素受体含量的变化,并探讨其与特发性脊柱侧凸病因学的关系。方法本实验共分3组:特发性脊柱侧凸组:20例,平均Cobb角56°±16°,顶椎位于T6-11。其中Cobb角>50°10例,Cobb角≤50°10例。先天性脊柱侧凸组:12例,平均Cobb角59°±33°,顶椎位于T7-12。对照组:取10例非脊柱侧凸病例作为对照。采用RT-PCR方法检测所有病例两侧椎旁肌中褪黑素受体两种亚型MT1、MT2mRNA的表达量。结果特发性脊柱侧凸和先天性脊柱侧凸组顶椎区凹侧椎旁肌MT2mRNA的表达量明显小于凸侧(P<0·05),MT1mRNA的表达量两侧无显著差异(P>0·05)。特发性脊柱侧凸组中Cobb角>50°的病例顶椎区凹凸侧椎旁肌MT2mRNA表达量的比值与Cobb角≤50°的病例无显著差异(P>0·05)。对照组两侧椎旁肌MT1、MT2mRNA的表达量无显著差异(P>0·05)。结论特发性脊柱侧凸患者两侧椎旁肌MT2mRNA的表达量存在差异,这种差异可能为继发性改变,在特发性脊柱侧凸的发病中不起主要作用。     

脊柱前方垫高-后方闭合截骨矫形术治疗胸腰段脊柱后凸畸形的初步报告

目的探讨采用以脊柱前方垫高后方闭合为技术特征的新型脊柱截骨矫形术治疗胸腰段脊柱后凸畸形的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法自2003年以来,采用新型脊柱截骨矫形术治疗不同病因所致的胸腰段脊柱后凸畸形8例。其中男、女各4例,年龄14～58岁,平均35岁。术前脊柱后凸Cobb角平均为73°(42°～90°),3例合并脊柱侧凸的Cobb角平均为25.7°。术前Frankel分级:C级2例、D级2例、E级4例。8例均伴有较为严重的胸腰背部疼痛,3例伴有膀胱括约肌功能障碍。手术方式均为:单纯后路经双侧关节突关节、椎间隙楔性截骨,切断前纵韧带,先行脊柱前方撑开垫高(将椎间融合器植入椎间截骨面),再行脊柱后方加压闭合及椎弓根螺钉器械固定。结果平均手术时间4.5h(3.5～6.0h),平均术中出血量2280ml(700～4200ml)。术中有1例血压曾一度偏低,术后脑脊液漏1例,此外无其他手术并发症发生。术后脊柱后凸Cobb角平均为8.3°、平均矫正度数为64.7°、平均矫正率为88.6%;术后脊柱侧凸Cobb角平均为18.7°、平均矫正度数为7°、平均矫正率为27.2%。术后平均随访12.8个月(5～23个月),X线片可见原截骨平面均已发生骨性融合,胸腰背部疼痛症状完全消失。术后Frankel分级:C级1例、D级2例、E级5例;3例膀胱括约肌功能障碍者中2例术后症状有改善。结论与现行常用的单纯闭合楔形截骨术式相比,新型脊柱截骨矫形术可有效地避免脊柱过度短缩和脊髓扭曲、折皱的发生,提高了脊柱闭合截骨的安全性;同时也明显地提高了单一节段脊柱后凸畸形的安全截骨矫正度数。可适用于40°～90°的胸腰段脊柱后凸畸形的手术治疗。     

Maintaining lumbar lordosis with anterior single solid-rod instrumentation in thoracolumbar and lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective radiographic evaluation of 20 consecutive patients with primary lumbar or thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who were treated with anterior convex compressive single solid-rod spinal instrumentation and structural titanium mesh (Harms) cages. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a lordosis-preserving anterior single solid-rod instrumented fusion technique for these specific adolescent idiopathic curves. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Maintaining instrumented segmental lumbar lordosis after anterior fusion and instrumentation for thoracolumbar and lumbar curves has been difficult. Twenty consecutive patients who underwent anterior single solid-rod fusion, aged 18 or younger with a primary thoracolumbar or lumbar curve, were observed for preservation of lordosis for a minimum of 2 years. METHODS: All patients underwent an identical anterior surgical technique, involving discectomies and anulectomies of all convex discs, structural titanium mesh (Harms) cages placed in the anterior half of all disc spaces below T12, morselized rib autograft packed in all disc spaces to be fused and inside the cages, and anterior single solid-rod (5.0-mm or 5.5-mm diameter) convex compressive spinal instrumentation with appropriate lordotic rod contour and rod rotation as necessary. The anterior rod was placed just posterior to the cages to optimize lordotic contouring of the spine during compression. None of the patients was braced after surgery. The lowest instrumented vertebrae (LIV) were L2 (n = 3), L3 (n = 15), and L4 (n = 2), typically the lower end vertebra of the Cobb measurement. RESULTS: Measurements for the primary coronal Cobb before surgery, 1 week after surgery, and 2 years after surgery were 48 degrees, 11 degrees, and 12 degrees; for C7 plumb line deviation from the midline: 3.6 cm, 1.9 cm, and 1.2 cm; for lowest instrumented vertebra translation: 31 mm, 15 mm, and 15 mm; and for LIV tilt: 29 degrees, 6 degrees and 6 degrees, respectively. Sagittal measurements before surgery, 1 week after surgery, and 2 years after surgery were: T12-L2: -1 degree, -6 degrees, and -6 degrees; T12-LIV: -8 degrees, -13 degrees, -9 degrees; T12-S1: -61 degrees, -56 degrees, -60 degrees; and entire instrumented levels: -6 degrees, -9 degrees, and -6 degrees, respectively. Coronal plane correction improved: 75% in the primary Cobb, 66% in the plumb line, 50% in LIV translation, and 80% in LIV tilt. Sagittal plane alignment improved in T12-L2 lordosis (P < 0.01) with preservation of physiologic lordosis in the instrumented levels, T12-LIV, and T12-sacrum. There were no instrumentation failures, pseudarthroses, or reoperations. CONCLUSIONS: Coronal plane correction with preservation of thoracolumbar and lumbar lordosis 2 years after anterior convex compressive spinal instrumentation was accomplished using a lordotically contoured single solid rod with structural cages placed anteriorly in the disc spaces of patients with primary thoracolumbar or lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.     

The effect of continued posterior spinal growth on sagittal contour in patients treated by anterior instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of radiographs on a prospective cohort of patients undergoing anterior instrumentation for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the change in sagittal profile after growth. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The authors previously reported some advantages of anterior instrumentation for treatment of thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. However, postsurgery hyperkyphosis has resulted in some patients, especially those who were skeletally immature at the time of surgery. METHODS: Inclusion criteria required that participants have thoracic idiopathic scoliosis treated with anterior instrumentation and a confirmed solid fusion, no rod breakage, and a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. The 47 patients meeting the criteria were divided into a study group of 10 patients who were Risser 0 at the time of surgery and a control group of 37 patients who were Risser 1 to 5. Progressive sagittal kyphosis was defined as an increase of 10 degrees or more (T5-T12) after surgery. RESULTS: Sagittal progression greater than 10 degrees (average, 15 degrees ) occurred in 6 of 10 patients (60%) in the study group (Risser 0). Five patients progressed from 10 degrees to 19 degrees, and one patient from 20 degrees to 30 degrees. In contrast, sagittal progression occurred in only 10 of 37 patients (27%) in the control group (Risser 1 to 5). CONCLUSIONS: Some patients with thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with anterior instrumentation may be at risk for progressive sagittal kyphosis secondary to growth. Skeletal immaturity (Risser 0) appears to be a risk factor. In these immature patients, preserving the sagittal profile with intervertebral spacers, rigid rods, and bone graft (allowing for an average 15 degrees increase of kyphosis with growth) may be appropriate.     

合并胸腰段后凸的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的临床研究

目的 探讨合并胸腰段后凸的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的临床特点和手术治疗策略. 方法对2001年1月至2007年1月收治的413例AIS患者进行回顾性分析,合并胸腰段后凸者共10例,其中男2例,女8例;年龄12～18岁,平均14.3岁.侧凸类型包括PUMC Ⅱb2型3例,Ⅱc 3型4例,Ⅱd2型1例,Ⅲb型2例.单纯后路内固定术8例,前路松解+后路内固定术2例.术前、术后及随访时摄X线片,对侧凸类型、Cobb角、顶椎旋转度、顶椎偏距、侧凸柔韧性、胸腰段后凸、冠状面及矢状面躯干偏移进行评测和分析.结果 本组患者中双弯8例,三弯2例;胸腰弯/腰弯Cobb角≥45°者7例,柔韧性指数≤70%者6例,顶椎旋转度≥Ⅱ度者9例.所有病例的融合范围均符合PUMC分型原则.手术前后平均胸弯冠状面Cobb角分别为71.7°和37.4°,平均矫正率为47.8%;手术前后平均胸腰弯/腰弯冠状面Cobb角分别为65.0°和27.8°,平均矫正率为57.2%;手术前后平均胸腰段后凸分别为35.5°和4.2°,平均矫正率为88.2%.全部病例随访12～72个月,平均23.1个月;最终随访时无躯干失平衡发生. 结论 合并胸腰段后凸的AIS一般多为双弯或三弯,胸腰弯/腰弯畸形往往比较严重,并有明显的旋转畸形.对合并胸腰段后凸的AIS,应融合胸腰弯/腰弯以防止术后发生失代偿或后凸加重, PUMC分型可以有效识别病变类型并指导融合范围的选择.     

Segmental pedicle screw instrumentation in idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis

The role of posterior correction and fusion in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis as well as pedicle screw instrumentation in scoliosis surgery are matters of debate. Our hypothesis was that in lumbar and thoracolumbar scoliosis, segmental pedicle screw instrumentation is safe and enables a good frontal and sagittal plane correction with a fusion length comparable to anterior instrumentation. In a prospective clinical trial, 12 consecutive patients with idiopathic thoracolumbar or lumbar scolioses of between 40° and 60° Cobb angle underwent segmental pedicle screw instrumentation. Minimum follow-up was 4 years (range 48– 60 months). Fusion length was defined according to the rules for Zielke instrumentation, normally ranging between the end vertebrae of the major curve. Radiometric analysis included coronal and sagittal plane correction. Additionally, the accuracy of pedicle screw placement was measured by use of postoperative computed tomographic scans. Major curve correction averaged 64.6%, with a loss of correction of 3°. The tilt angle was corrected by 67.0%, the compensatory thoracic curve corrected spontaneously according to the flexibility on the preoperative bending films, and led to a satisfactory frontal balance in all cases. Average fusion length was the same as that of the major curve. Pathological thoracolumbar kyphosis was completely corrected in all but one case. One patient required surgical revision with extension of the fusion to the midthoracic spine due to a painful junctional kyphosis. Eighty-five of 104 screws were graded “within the pedicle”, 10 screws had penetrated laterally, 5 screws bilaterally and 4 screws medially. No neurological complications were noted. In conclusion, despite the limited number of patients, this study shows that segmental pedicle screw instrumentation is a safe and effective procedure in the surgical correction of both frontal and sagittal plane deformity in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis of less than 60°, with a short fusion length, comparable to anterior fusion techniques, and minimal loss of correction. Received: 23 September 1999 Revised: 20 January 2000 Accepted: 26 January 2000     

Comparison of anterior and posterior instrumentation for correction of adolescent thoracic idiopathic scoliosis

STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective study of two cohort groups of patients (one group receiving anterior instrumentation and the other posterior instrumentation) receiving treatment for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. OBJECTIVE: To present the 2-year postoperative results of a prospective multicenter study comparing the use of anterior instrumentation with that of posterior multisegmented hook instrumentation for the correction of adolescent thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Despite reports of satisfactory results, problems have been reported with posterior systems, including worsening of the lumbar curve after surgery and failure to correct hypokyphosis. Theoretically, the advantages of anterior instrumentation include prevention of lumbar curve decompensation by shortening the convexity of the thoracic curve. In addition, by removing the disc, better correction of thoracic hypokyphosis could be obtained. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients who underwent an anterior spinal fusion using flexible threaded rods and nuts (Harms-MOSS instrumentation, De Puy-Motech-Acromed, Cleveland, OH) were analyzed and compared with 100 patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion with multisegmented hook systems. Parameters of comparison included coronal and sagittal correction, balance, distal lumbar fusion levels, and complication. All patients had idiopathic thoracic curves of King Types II to V. The average age at surgery was 14 years in each group, the average preoperative curve 57 degrees, and the minimum duration of follow-up for all patients 24 months. All data were collected prospectively and analyzed via Epl into statistical analysis (Centers of Disease Control, Atlanta, GA). RESULTS: Average coronal correction of the main thoracic curve was 58% in the anterior group and 59% in the posterior group (P = 0.92). Analysis of sagittal contour showed that the posterior systems failed to correct a preoperative hypokyphosis (sagittal T5 to T12 less than 20 degrees) in 60% of cases, whereas 81% were normal postoperatively in the anterior group. However, hyperkyphosis (sagittal T5 to T12 greater than 40 degrees) occurred after surgery in 40% of the anterior group when the preoperative kyphosis was greater than 20 degrees. Postoperative coronal balance was equal in both groups. An average of 2.5 (range, 0-6) distal fusion levels were saved using the anterior spinal instrumentation according to the criteria used for determining posterior fusion levels in this study. Selective fusion of the thoracic curve (distal fusion level T11, T12, L1) was performed in 76 of 78 patients (97%) in the anterior group as compared with only 18 of 100 (18%) in the posterior group. Surgically confirmed pseudarthrosis occurred in 4 of 78 patients (5%) in the anterior group and in 1 of 100 patients (1%) in the posterior group (P = 0.10). Loss of correction greater than 10 degrees occurred in 18 of 78 patients (23%) in the anterior group and in 12 of 100 patients (12%) in the posterior group (P = 0.01). Implant breakage occurred in 24 patients (31%) of the anterior group and in only 1 patient (1%) of the posterior group. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Coronal correction and balance were equal in both the anterior and posterior groups, even though the anterior group had the majority of curves (97%) fused short or to L1, whereas only 18% were fused short or to L1 in the posterior group. 2) In the anterior group there was a better correction of sagittal profile in those with a preoperative hypokyphosis less than 20 degrees. However, hyperkyphosis (with a mean of 54 degrees) occurred in 40% of those in the anterior group with a preoperative kyphosis of more than 20 degrees. 3) An average of 2.5 lumbar levels can be saved with anterior fusion and instrumentation according to the criteria used for choosing posterior fusion levels in this study. 4) Using the 3.2-mm flexible rod in this study, loss of correction, pseudarthrosis, and rod breakage were unacceptably highe     

短节段融合对退变性腰椎侧凸邻近节段椎间角的影响

目的 研究退变性腰椎侧凸短节段融合后邻近节段椎间角的变化特点.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2007年5月28例退变性腰椎侧凸患者的临床资料.其中男性6例,女性22例;平均年龄62岁;侧凸范围3～6个椎节,平均4.8个椎节.采用后方椎板切除减压、椎弓根螺钉内固定、后外侧植骨融合术;融合范围限制在侧凸范围内,平均融合3.3个椎节.术前、术后即刻及随访时拍摄站立腰椎正侧位X线片,测量冠状面侧凸Cobb角、近端融合椎上方邻近节段正位及侧位椎间角,并观察植骨融合及并发症发生情况.结果 患者均获随访,随访时间25～97个月,平均50个月.术后即刻侧凸Cobb角平均矫形率33.7%,末次随访时矫形丢失平均3.7°,术前及末次随访侧凸Cobb角与术后即刻比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).末次随访时正位椎间角与术前、术后即刻相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).末次随访时均未发现明显假关节形成及内植物相关并发症.结论 退变性腰椎侧凸短节段融合后对近端融合椎上方邻近节段正位椎间角的矫正有限,且不能阻止其进一步加重.     

Proximal kyphosis after short posterior fusion for thoracolumbar scoliosis

Thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis usually is treated by anterior spinal fusion. However, short posterior spinal fusion that includes only the structural curve has been tried in a limited number of patients. The fusion may end cranially in the lower thoracic region and cause an increase in sagittal decompensation at the proximal junction. From July 1989 to July 1998, 14 patients were treated with thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis by short posterior spinal fusion. The lateral radiographs were evaluated preoperatively, immediately postoperative, and during followup. The focal kyphotic angle was used to examine the changes in focal sagittal alignment. A 10 degrees progression was defined as the radiographic criterion for the development of junctional kyphosis. Proximal junctional kyphosis occurred in six of the 14 patients, in which one patient needed revision surgery. In all six patients, the average preoperative lumbar lordosis was greater than 35 degrees, and decreased more than 10 degrees during surgery. In the five patients with a focal kyphotic angle larger than 10 degrees, four had proximal junctional kyphosis develop. According to the current findings, short posterior spinal fusion can be done only if the focal kyphotic angle proximal to the fusion is less than 10 degrees, and the lumbar lordosis must be preserved carefully during surgery.     

伴有侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症的外科治疗

目的总结后路一期减压、内固定、融合手术治疗伴有腰椎侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症患者的效果。方法自1998年1月-2005年10月,治疗伴有腰椎侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症患者38例,腰椎侧凸畸形角度平均31°,术前 JOA评分平均11分,均采用腰椎后路一期减压、矫形、内固定、融合治疗。结果 32例得到随访,随访时间1-4年,平均2．5年,矫正角度平均13°。矫正角度丧失1°-5°,平均3°。截骨融合率100％。随访时JOA评分平均23分,患者对手术效果满意。结论后路一期减压、内固定、融合手术是治疗伴有腰椎侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症的有效手段。     

胸腰段僵硬性角状后凸畸形对下腰椎的影响及外科治疗

目的 探讨胸腰段僵硬性后凸畸形对腰椎的影响及其临床意义。方法 测量１４例后凸畸形截骨手术治疗前后的胸腰段后凸角和Ｌ２－５、Ｌ２～Ｓ１、Ｌ２－３、Ｌ３－４、Ｌ４－５、Ｌ５～Ｓ１的前凸角以及椎体滑移的情况,对所得结果与正常组进行对比分析。结果畸形组腰椎前凸及Ｌ２－３、Ｌ３－４、Ｌ４－５前凸角明显大于正常组,而且Ｌ２－３、Ｌ３－４前凸增加幅度更大,术后腰椎过度前凸有明显矫正,但仍然大于正常组;畸形组有