丙型肝炎患者外周血常规散点图参数变化的研究

目的:探讨血常规散点图Lymph-Y、Lymph-X、Neut-Y、Neut-X等参数对丙型肝炎(HCV)患者临床诊断的意义。方法:选取2020年10月至2021年6月HCV患者366例作为观察组,并根据HCV-RNA Copy中位数进一步将HCV组分为HCV-Low组和HCV-High组;随机选取183例门诊患者作为健康对照组,研究HCV-RNA含量与血常规散点图参数和肝功能指标参数的相关性。结果:观察组与对照组间性别、年龄、中性粒细胞百分比(Neu%)、淋巴细胞百分比(Lym%)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)等指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而血小板计数(PLT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析发现TBIL、DBIL、ALT、AST、GGT、ALP、Lymph-X与患HCV呈正相关,而Neu-SFL、PLT呈负相关。结论:HCV患者外周血常规参数PLT、Neu%、Lym%、Lymph-Y,Lymph-X、Neut-X、N...     

健康人群血清NT-proBNP参考范围调查

目的调查健康人群血清氨基末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)的参考范围。方法选取体格检查和实验室检查均无异常的健康人群共315名(男190名,女125名),按性别与年龄的不同分为35、35～、45～、55～、65～和75岁6个年龄组。采用Elecsys2010电化学发光免疫分析仪检测血清NT-proBNP水平。结果健康人群NT-proBNP水平随年龄增高呈逐渐上升趋势。NT-proBNP的参考范围在65岁的女性组为150ng/L,男性组为92ng/L,65岁的女性组为160ng/L,男性组为116ng/L。结论健康人群的NT-proBNP水平明显低于国外(欧美)人群。建立一个适合于国人的NT-proBNP参考范围有重要的临床价值。     

成人健康人群心电图正常范围的调查

目的 调查和评估我国成人健康人群心电图的正常范围.方法 采集5360例(男性3614例,女性1746例,年龄范围18～84岁)健康人12导联同步心电图并按性别分为5个年龄组,计算和分析男、女各年龄组心电图参数的中位数及96%范围的正常上、下限,并比较其年龄和性别差异.结果 PR间期、QTc间期、额面QRS电轴呈现明确的年龄趋势(P＜0.001).PR间期、QRS波时限、QTc间期及不同导联QRS波和T波振幅存在明显的性别差异(P＜0.001).男性PR间期上限值约为200 ms,女性PR问期上限值从180ms随年龄增长逐渐增加到200 ms.男性QRS波时限上限值为120 ms,女性为109 ms.各年龄组男、女性QTc间期上限值均＞440 ms,女性QTc间期＞440 ms的发生率(12.8%)明显高于男性(6.2%).男性QRs电轴的正常范围为-37°～+94°,女性为-27°～+91°.Q波时限正常范围有明确的导联依赖性.在胸前导联,男性T波幅度的正常值不超过1.44 mV,女性不超过0.9 mV;在肢体导联,男性不超过0.54 mV,女性不超过0.45 mV.值得注意的是,肢体导联QRS振幅随年龄增长的变化规律与额面QRS电轴随年龄增长逐渐向左(上)偏移相一致;女性V5导联的R波振幅随年龄增长而增加.结论 我国成人健康人群心电图参数存在明显的年龄及性别差异,适当调整传统的正常标准,可望进一步提高心电图诊断的质量.     

中国健康人群正常心率范围的调查

目的：调查中国健康人群心率的分布及其性别,年龄差异,评估传统的正常心率标准。方法：采集5360例（男3614例,女1746例）健康人心电图,并按性别分为5个年龄组,计算各年龄组心率的中位数,上限和下限值。结果：男性心率中位数为67－68次／min,随年龄波动很小;女性心率的中位数为67－73次／min,随年龄增长呈下降趋势。年轻女性心率的中位数,上限和下限值均比同年龄组男性快5－6次／min,性别差异随年龄增长而减低或消失。15％的人群心率小于60次／min。男性心率下限值为51次／min,而女性心率下限值50岁以前约为55次／min,50岁以后为51次／min。男,女心率上限值均随年龄增长逐渐降低,但在50岁以后再次增快;总体人群的心率上限值为95次／min,结论：传统的正常心率标准确有必要作适当调整。     

慢性高原病与血常规和血生化指标的相关性研究

目的:检测久居高海拔地区人群血常规和血生化指标情况,并探讨其与慢性高原病(CMS)之间的关系,为常驻高原人群健康研究提供参考。方法:选取在2 880～5 400 m海拔生活1个月以上的252例男性受试者为研究对象,对受试者静脉血进行血常规和血生化指标检测,并通过血细胞分析参考区间和临床常用生化检验项目参考区间判断血常规和血生化指标异常情况;应用CMS量表调查CMS患病情况,并比较血常规和血生化指标在CMS患病人群和非患病人群之间的差异;分析血常规及血生化指标与CMS的关系。结果:(1)多项血液指标在常驻高原人群中存在异常,其中红细胞数量、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、平均血小板体积以及尿酸(UA)水平高于正常参考值上限的人群分别占比71.0%、75.8%、96.4%、82.1%和72.1%;血小板分布宽度低于正常参考值下限的人群占比76.3%。(2)与非CMS患病人群相比,CMS患病人群的HGB、HCT、总蛋白、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著增高;(3)与非CMS患病人群相比,CMS患病人群的血小板计量和总胆汁酸水平的异常率显著增高;(4)嗜酸性粒细胞百分...     

急性白血病患者血常规六项参数的动态观察

目的对急性白血病患者的血常规六项参数(PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW、WBC以及Hb)的动态观察进行探讨与研究。方法回顾性分析我院在2010年6月到2013年6月收治的28例初诊急性白血病(AL)患者的临床资料,所有患者均通过血细胞分析仪进行测定,依照缓解的情况分成甲组和乙组,其中22例甲组为完全缓解(CR),6例乙组为未完全缓解(NR),并选取60例健康体验人员作为对照组。第一个疗程化疗之后均出现了骨髓抑制情况,并对患者在初诊当中、第一个疗程化疗之后出现最重骨髓抑制时以及首次骨髓缓解时的血常规六项参数数值分别测定,同时对血小板在第一次化疗之后的最高和最低值进行观察。结果在PLT、PCT、MPV以及Hb数值上,22例CR初诊患者(甲1组)和CR出现最重骨髓抑制患者(甲2组)要比健康对照组低(P0.05);在PLT、PCT以及Hb数值上,6例NR初诊患者(乙1组)要比健康对照组低(P0.05),而和甲1组之间的差异不显著(P0.05);在PLT、PCT、WBC和Hb数值上,NR出现最重骨髓抑制患者(乙2组)要比健康对照组低(P0.05),而和甲2组差异不显著(P0.05);在CR率上,28例AL患者第一次化疗之后的PLT≥100×109/L要显著比PLT100×109/L高(P0.05),而PLT H/L≥10的患者要显著比PLT H/L10的患者高(P0.05)。结论测定血常规六项参数能够对急性白血病患者的治疗效果和预后进行早期预测,对临床治疗有着重要的指导意义。     

中国健康人群心电图Q波参数正常范围的调查

目的 :调查中国健康人群 12导联心电图Q波参数的正常范围 ,评估传统的Q波标准。方法 :采集5 36 0例 (男 36 14例 ,女 174 6例 )健康人心电图资料 ,并按性别分为 5个年龄组 ,计算各年龄组Q波时限、振幅和Q/R比例的中位数和正常上限值 ,以及各导联上QS波类型的发生率。结果 :男性Q波时限稍长于女性 ,性别差异为 2～ 5ms。Q波时限正常范围在Ⅰ、V5和V6导联≤ 2 5ms ,在aVL导联≤ 4 5ms ;在下壁导联中 ,Q波时限正常范围在Ⅲ导联 <4 0ms,在Ⅱ和aVF导联 <30ms。各导联的Q波振幅正常上限值在不同年龄组间显示较大的变异。Q/R比例的正常上限值在Ⅰ、Ⅱ导联一般 <2 5 % ,而在V5和V6导联 <15 % ;aVL、Ⅲ和aVF导联的Q/R比例正常上限值在不同年龄组间显示较大的变异。QS波类型在V1导联的发生率为 1.5 % (80 / 5 36 0 ) ,在V2 导联的发生率为 0 .2 % (9/ 5 36 0 )。除Ⅲ和aVL导联外 ,传统的Q波标准的诊断特异性可达到 99%～ 10 0 %。结论 :Q波参数的正常值标准有明显的导联依赖性。适当调整传统的Q波标准 ,可望提高心电图诊断的准确率     

各年龄组健康人群HBsAg阳性携带者的调查分析

我们对 5 716名健康体检者按年龄分组 ,进行了ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率的调查和分析 ,以探讨ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性携带与年龄的关系特点。一、对象　为 1997-1998年来我院进行健康体检人员 ,共计 5 716人 ,1岁～ 60岁 ,每隔 10岁一组 ,共分 6组 ,其中 1～ 10岁 686人 ,11～ 2 0岁 135 0人 ,2 1～ 30岁 1162人 ,31～ 40岁 92 6人 ,41～ 5 0岁 940人 ,5 1～ 60岁 65 2人。均无输血史 ,空腹采取静脉血。二、方法　采用上海科华实业生物技术开发公司生产的ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒 ,按说明书操作。三、结果　见附表。附表　各年龄组ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性检出情况年龄 (岁 )…     

β-地中海贫血的基因分布及其血常规参数变异分析

目的：分析深圳地区β-地中海贫血的基因分布及其血常规参数变异情况,探讨血常规参数在β-地中海贫血筛查中的可行性。方法：依血红蛋白电泳、β-地贫基因分析和血清铁蛋白测定结果,将171例血常规结果分为β-地贫、缺铁贫和正常对照3个组。对3组血常规结果中的血红蛋白量（HGB）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、红细胞体积分布宽度变异系数（RDW）、平均血小板体积（MPV）和血小板体积分布宽度变异系数（PDW）5项参数进行统计分析。结果：171例标本中有115例为伊地贫基因突变,共检出9种突变类型,其中以41-42M／N,654M／N,17M／N,-28M／N4种突变为主,占突变的92．17％。HGB结果对照组〉β-地贫组〉缺铁贫组;MCV与PDW在β-地贫和缺铁贫2个组间的结果差异无统计学意义,但2者均低于对照组。MPV在对照组最高,缺铁贫组稍低,β-地贫组最低;RDW缺铁贫组〉β-地贫组〉对照组。结论：HGB、MCV、MPV、RDW和PDW参数对β-地中海贫血和缺铁性贫血具有一定的诊断价值,可作为β-地中海贫血的联合筛查指标。     

血压参数与老年人认知功能障碍的关系

目的探讨血压参数与老年人认知功能障碍之间的关系。方法对开滦集团公司1063名离退休职工进行健康查体,同时进行简易精神状况检查表(MMSE)测试以评价认知功能,资料完整并符合入选标准的共计890例,认知功能障碍者作为病例组222名,非认知功能障碍者为对照组668名。测定血压并进行统计学分析。结果病例组收缩压(SBP)、脉压(PP)、脉压指数(PPI)均高于对照组(P<0.05);病例组舒张压(DBP)低于对照组(P<0.05)。线性趋势检验分析中随SBP、PP、PPI的增高,认知功能障碍的患病率增加(P<0.05);随DBP的增高,认知功能障碍的患病率下降(P<0.05)。结论SBP、PP、PPI增加,DBP下降与认知功能障碍有关。     

血压参数与老年人认知功能障碍的关系

目的 探讨血压参数与老年人认知功能障碍之间的关系.方法 对开滦集团公司1063名离退休职工进行健康查体,同时进行简易精神状况检查表(MMSE)测试以评价认知功能,资料完整并符合入选标准的共计890例,认知功能障碍者作为病例组222名,非认知功能障碍者为对照组668名.测定血压并进行统计学分析.结果 病例组收缩压(SBP)、脉压(PP)、脉压指数(PPI)均高于对照组(P<0.05);病例组舒张压(DBP)低于对照组(P<0.05).线性趋势检验分析中随SBP、PP、PPI的增高,认知功能障碍的患病率增加(P<0.05);随DBP的增高,认知功能障碍的患病率下降(P<0.05).结论 SBP、PP、PPI增加,DBP下降与认知功能障碍有关.     

Antiendothelial Cell Antibody Levels in Healthy Normotensives with High Normal Blood Pressure

High normal blood pressure (HNBP) seems to be related to an increased cardiovascular risk in healthy normotensive subjects. According to the literature, elevated levels of antibodies against endothelial cell surface antigen antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECA) play an important role in the early stages of atherosclerosis process and in borderline hypertension. The aim of this study was to compare AECA levels of healthy normotensives with HNBP to those of healthy normotensives with normal blood pressure (NBP), matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

Methods. Ninety healthy normotensives with HNBP (43M, 47F; mean age, 48 ± 2.6 yrs; BMI 23.6 ± 1.5 Kg/m²) (Group A) and 80 healthy normotensives with NBP (41M, 39F; mean age, 46 ± 3 yrs; BMI 24 ± 1.8 Kg/m²) (Group B) were studied. Both group subjects were matched for sex, age, and BMI. AECA levels were determined in each subject using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AECA levels were expressed as mean values. Results. Twenty-five subjects from group A (28%) showed elevated IgG antiendothelial cell antibodies levels vs. three from group B (3.75%, p < 0.001). IgM AECA levels were elevated in 18 subjects from group A (20%) vs. two from group B (1.5%, p < 0.001). Conclusions. The present findings suggest that healthy normotensives with HNBP have significantly higher AECA levels of both classes (IgG, IgM) compared to healthy normotensives with NBP. This may have prognostic significance for the future development of essential hypertension in this group of healthy subjects.     

Wistar大鼠血象及生化指标正常值初步观察

为建立本实验室 Wistar大鼠血象和生化指标的正常值范围并为制定全国统一标准提供参考依据 ,选用普通级Wistar大鼠 (雄性 10 2只体重为 112± 2 7g,雌性 10 1只体重为 10 7± 2 6 g) ,普通采血 ,测定了血象和血清生化指标 ,对测定结果进行了讨论并分析了性别差异     

成都地区部分健康人群和肺科患者血清军团菌抗体检测

目的了解成都地区不同人群军团菌感染情况。方法采用微量凝集试验对393份健康人及肺科住院患者血清标本进行Lp1～8型及Lm型军团菌抗体效价测定。结果所测军团菌各种型均有阳性出现，1人感染2～3个血清型者占10．82％。健康人群军团菌抗体阳性率为31．60％(73／231)，肺科住院患者为35．80％(58／162)。健康人Lp1型阳性率最高(17．31％)，其次为Lp6型(11．26％)，Lp8型最低(0．43％)。肺科患者中Lp1阳性率最高(12．35％)，其次为Lp6(5．56％)。结论成都地区普遍存在不同种型的军团菌感染。     

正常人群动脉弹性功能影响因素的研究

目的　研究正常人群动脉弹性功能指数C1、C2 在短期内重复的可靠性、稳定性及探讨C1、C2 的影响因素。方法　正常人群 32 0人进入本研究 ,受检者分 4个年龄组 (15～ 30岁、31～ 4 5岁、4 6～ 6 0岁、6 1～ 80岁 ) ,每组 80例 ,男女各半。采用HDICVProfilorDO— 2 0 2 0动脉功能检测仪测定C1、C2 ,测定 3次 ,取平均值 ,间隔 7～ 2 8天重复检测。所有受检者 30天内均未服用任何影响心血管系统的药物。结果　 (1)正常人群的C1为 15 39± 4 37(ml/mmHg×10 ) ,C2 为 6 35± 3 0 7(ml/mmHg× 10 0 ) ,男性的C1、C2 均比女性大 ,P <0 0 5。 (2 )C1、C2 的可靠性和稳定性较好 ,间隔 7～ 2 8天两次重复测定的差异没有统计学显著性意义 ,P >0 0 5。 (3)四个年龄组分析 ,随着年龄的增大 ,C1、C2 逐渐降低 ,且每组之间均有显著性差异 ,P <0 0 5。 (4)相关分析发现 :与C1相关性依次为年龄、脉压、收缩压、心率、平均压和舒张压 ,P均 <0 0 1;与C2 相关性依次为年龄、平均压、舒张压、收缩压、心率和脉压 ,P均 <0 0 1,而体重指数BMI与C1、C2 的相关性均无显著性意义 ,P >0 0 5。结论　 (1)C1、C2 有较好的重复性 ,尤其是C2 ,能早期反映小血管弹性功能改变 ;(2 )随着年龄增大 ,大小动脉弹性功能逐渐减退 ;(3)     

The Normal Range of Osmotic Fragility of Red Blood Cells

With the technique of Parpart et al (1947), the normal range for osmotic fragility of red blood cells has been estimated to include 5%–45% haemolysis at a salt concentration corresponding to 4.5 g NaCl/1 (Dacie 1954). This estimate may be questioned, however. Thus, nearly 20% of the data obtained from 50 presumably healthy subjects fell outside these limits. Furthermore, the distribution pattern was very asymmetric with erroneously small standard deviation. On the other hand, if the technical conditions (salt concentration, buffer) were properly adjusted, nearly all the observations were located within the straight part of the s-shaped haemolysis curve and scattered symmetrically around the mean. Under these conditions, the normal range (mean ± 2 SD) included 22%–88% haemolysis. Moreover, this wider range included about 95% of the observations, even adapted to the original experimental situation. The present estimates should therefore replace earlier statements in the literature.     

Blood flow patterns in painful diabetic neuropathy

Summary Peripheral blood flow is known to be qualitatively increased in diabetic patients with neuropathy. We have measured the actual blood flow in the feet of diabetic patients with neuropathy using non-invasive mercury strain gauge plethysmography and Doppler sonogram techniques and shown that it is increased on average five times above normal at an ambient temperature of 20 °–22 °C. Moreover, reduction of this high flow by sympathetic arousal stimuli proved possible in those with severe painful neuropathy contrasting strongly with failure to reverse it in those with severe non-painful sensory neuropathy. Reduction of blood flow was associated with reduction in neuropathic pain. We studied 22 diabetic patients with severe sensory neuropathy and eight with painful neuropathy. High resting foot blood flows were demonstrated in both groups with neuropathy. The big toe flow in those with severe sensory neuropathy was 29.3±9.2 ml · min^–1 · 100 ml^–1 (mean±SD) and in the painful neuropathy group, 25.9±7.5, compared with 5.2±2.4ml · min^–1 · 100ml^–1 in the non-diabetic control subjects (p<0.001). High foot skin temperatures were also recorded in the groups with neuropathy, reflecting the high blood flow. The subjects with painful neuropathy retained the ability to constrict peripheral blood vessels in response to arousal stimuli, and reduce peripheral flow on average by 32% compared with the patients with sensory neuropathy who responded on average by only 10%. The demonstration of a peripheral sympathetic defect, responsible for the high blood flow and the potential reversal of such flow in painful neuropathy may be important in our further understanding of the aetiology of such pain and its treatment.     

The Peripheral Blood in Chronic Granulocytic Leukaemia

The haematological findings in the peripheral blood of 50 patients in whom the diagnosis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) had been made in the haematology laboratory, and who were subsequently shown to be Philadelphia-chromosome-positive, have been reveiwed. The differential leucocyte counts were performed by 3 observers, examining a total of 1,500 cells in each patient. The degree of anaemia at diagnosis was unrelated to sex and correlated poorly with leucocyte count; thrombocytopenia seemed unrelated to leucocytosis. A differential leucocyte count which included a complete spectrum of granulocytic cells, with prominent peaks in the percentages of myelocytes and neutrophils, was an invariable finding. Absolute basophilia occurred in all patients and absolute eosinophilia in 92%. In 54% of the patients there was an absolute lymphocytosis. Unlike the finding in normal subjects, there was no linear relationship between the numbers of circulating neutrophils and monocytes. Application of these findings should improve the accuracy of the haematological diagnosis of CGL, while study of the rare cases which possess the above features but are Ph¹-negative may throw further light on the role of the Philadelphia chromosome in the natural history of CGL.     

Mitotic Activity of the Granulopoietic Precursor Cells in the Peripheral Blood in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

The mitotic indices (MI) of granulopoietic precursor cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow were studied in 38 patients with typical chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in the chronic phase. The MI in the peripheral blood were very low, in the median 0.07 %, compared to those in the bone marrow with a median of 1.07 %. The blood MI were significantly increasing with raising WCC and the values of the MI above the median were combined with short survival times. The bone marrow MI were negatively correlated to the blood MI and it is suggested that this is a sign of an increased exchange of cells between bone marrow and blood.