海南万宁市吸毒人群HIV、HCV及TP感染调查

目的了解吸毒人群中人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和丙肝(HCV)、梅毒(TP)共感染情况及其影响感染因素。方法对海南省万宁地区498名吸毒人员进行流行病学调查,并检测其HIV和HCV、TP抗体。结果498名吸毒人员中HCV抗体阳性305例,占61.2%;HIV抗体阳性2例,占0.4%;梅毒抗体阳性20例,占4.0%;其中同时感染HIV和HCV者2例,占0.4%;同时感染HCV和TP12例,占3.9%;HCV感染率:静脉吸毒明显高于口服吸毒(P0.05),受教育程度低者高于其他人群(P0.01),25～35岁年龄组分别高于35岁和25岁的年龄组(P0.005)已婚者高于未婚者(P0.01)。TP抗体阳性率:女性高于男性(P0.005),25～35岁年龄组分别高于35岁和25岁年龄组(P0.005)。结论通过提高其文化水平减少吸毒人员,或通过改变吸毒方式减少HIV和HCV的传播和扩散。     

海洛因静脉滥用者HIV感染及流行病学分析

目的:对海洛因静脉推注者HIV感染情况及流行病学特征作一分析,为制定防止措施提供可行依据。方法:对125例静脉推注海洛因者HIV感染情况进行调查分析。选取同地区年龄、职业等一般状况相似的未吸毒人群125例为对照。比较两组的感染率。结果:125例经静脉吸毒人员中,共检出HIV感染者25例,感染率为20%,年龄分布显示以青壮年为主,表现为以城镇为基础的散发。结论:海洛因静脉滥用者呈明显上升趋势,罹患HIV感染者也显著上升,需引起相关艾滋病防治部门重视,应采取积极有效的预防措施应对。     

贵港市吸毒人群艾滋病行为监测结果分析

目的了解贵港市吸毒人群艾滋病感染状况以及影响因素,为制定艾滋病防治策略提供科学依据。方法对贵港市2009~2013年哨点监测数据使用SPSS19.0进行调查资料的统计分析。结果在5 233名调查对象,平均年龄(33.66±7.34)岁,以本市户籍为主占99.33%,男性占94.13%。艾滋病相关知识知晓是85.86%,85.55%的人有过注射吸毒,有38.33%的人曾经有过共用针具注射吸毒行为,最近一个月,平均每天注射吸毒次数2.57次;最近一年,与商业性伴、配偶/固定性伴发生性行为坚持使用安全套的比例分别是39.52%和10.85%;监测到的吸毒人群HIV阳性检出率9.04%,2009~2013年HIV检出率在5.50%~14.77%之间波动,经卡方检验,各年度之间HIV检出率有统计学意义(χ2=66.25,P0.01)。梅毒检出率为6.23%,丙肝检出率为62.59%,年龄大于40岁、初中以下文化程度、男性、汉族、美沙酮门诊(尿检阳性者)、注射吸毒、共用注射器吸毒行为与其相应的HIV感染有统计学意义(P005)。多因素分析仅发现,样本来源、共用针具吸毒为HIV感染的影响因素。结论贵港市吸毒人群HIV感染率达到了较高的水平,共用注射器行为是促进HIV感染的主要影响因素。同时,吸毒人员经性传播HIV的危险广泛存在。     

太原市100例海洛因依赖者吸毒相关因素调查

目的 了解太原市某戒毒所海洛因依赖人群的人口学及行为学特征,分析其吸毒与复吸的特征并探讨可能的影响因素.方法 选择太原市某强制戒毒所接受治疗的海洛因滥用者100例,采取面对面访谈的形式,使用统一的调查问卷,进行横断面研究.结果 患者平均年龄(34.2±4.7)岁,无业人员所占比例较大,采用烫吸方式吸毒的占65%,首次吸毒年龄以20-30组最多,达51%.吸毒原因构成中出于好奇的占47%.结论 重视社会心理因素在物质依赖形成中的重要性,充分发挥社会心理学在预防吸毒中的重要作用.     

250例海洛因依赖者HIV、HPV、HSV-2、TP感染调查分析

目的 了解海洛因依赖者人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、尖锐湿疣(HPV)、单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-2)、梅毒螺旋体(TP)感染情况.方法 HIV初筛用ELISA法,阳性标本采用免疫印迹法,HPV和HSV-2采用金标免疫斑点法,TP用ELISA法.结果 海洛因依赖者感染HIV、HPV、HSV-2、TP分别占2.8%、13.2%、14%、10.4%.非海洛因依赖者感染HIV、HPV、HSV-2、TP分别占0%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%.海洛因依赖者与非海洛因依赖者各病原微生物感染情况相比,均有显著性差异.结论 由于海络因依赖者无菌意识淡薄,有共用注射器行为及性乱史,感染HIV、HPV、HSV-2、TP的机率比其他人群高.     

汕头地区海洛因依赖人群HIV、HCV和梅毒感染情况调查

目的:了解汕头地区海洛因依赖人群HIV、HCV和梅毒感染情况。方法:对412例海洛因依赖者和245例健康体检者进行HIV、HCV和梅毒血清学检查。结果:海洛因依赖者HIV抗体阳性率0.7%HCV抗体阳性率65%梅毒抗体阳性率13%。结论:海洛因依赖人群,尤其是静脉吸毒者HCV和梅毒感染率较高。与非海洛因依赖者差异非常显著。     

1092例海洛因依赖者的人口学特征

目的 了解吸毒高危人群人口学特征,为禁毒宣传提供参考和依据。方法 回顾性对我戒毒科1997年至2002年首次自愿住院戒毒的1092例海洛因依赖者,就首次吸毒的年龄、职业、文化程度等进行总结。结果81.68％的吸毒者的初始吸毒年龄在15～25a之间;农村人口比例达28.48;初中及初中以下文化程度占82.7％;无业者占92.7％。结论 青少年、低文化、无业仍是滥用毒品高危人群的基本特征;提高青少年受教育程度,提供就业机会,有利于减少新生吸毒人数。禁毒宣传常抓不懈。     

广东省某市吸毒人员艾滋病知识知晓及相关行为、感染状况分析

目的:了解广东省某市吸毒人员艾滋病知识知晓、相关行为及感染状况,为该市对吸毒人员的干预措施提供科学依据。方法:使用国家级哨点监测调查问卷对该市戒毒所吸毒人员进行面对面访谈调查,并抽取5ml静脉血进行HIV、梅毒、HCV的检测。结果:该市吸毒人员主要集中在21~40岁年龄段,文化程度以初中为主(65.30%);静脉吸毒者占了44.34%,其中共用针具者占28.80%;25.54%发生过商业性行为,但只有50.00%每次都使用安全套;仅有7.69%与固定性伴发生性行为时每次都使用安全套;对艾滋病知识的知晓率为87.95%,而年龄和文化程度是影响艾滋病知识知晓率的两个主要因素。结论:该市吸毒人员艾滋病知识知晓率较高,但其高危行为严重,且一些吸毒人员不同程度感染了HIV、梅毒、HCV,因此,应加强对吸毒人群的监测和行为干预,减少艾滋病从该人群向一般人群传播。     

昆明市区吸毒人群HIV感染情况分析

目的:了解昆明市成年吸毒人群HIV感染情况及原因,为昆明市下一步针对吸毒人群制定HIV防治及干预措施提供方法和依据。方法:对昆明市疾病预防控制中心美沙酮健康门诊就诊的1 702例吸毒人员进行HIV初筛,确认试验,并对感染者年龄、性别、学历、婚姻、职业等情况进行统计分析。结果:1 702例吸毒人员中感染HIV者325人,感染率为19.1%;男性感染者212例,感染率为12.5%,女性感染者113人,感染率为6.6%;吸毒人群大多学历普遍较低,基本为初中以下学历,占76.6%;大部分为未婚或者离异人群,占65.5%;感染者多为中年人,占92.3%;而且多是无业人员,占79.7%。结论:加强对吸毒人群HIV宣传及干预工作;扩大及规范我市健康清洁针具交换工作,减少共用注射器静脉吸毒;加大毒品危害宣传力度及禁毒工作,减少新发吸毒人员产生;加大政府投入,对吸毒者进行职业培训,增加吸毒人员就业机会。     

341名吸毒人员行为学特征及HIV、梅毒感染情况调查

目的 了解吸毒人群吸毒、性行为方式、艾滋病知识及HIV、梅毒感染水平,分析吸毒行为、HIV及梅毒感染情况,为开展针对性干预措施提供依据。方法 采用匿名方式进行向卷调查,同时采静脉血检测HIV抗体、RPR TPPA。结果 吸毒人员以未婚男性青年为主,吸毒方式仍以口吸为主,静脉注射吸毒只占25.22%,共用注射针具吸毒行为的占22.105。吸毒者存在多性伴现象,且安全套使用率较低。吸毒人群HIV抗体检测未发现阳性者,梅毒血清RPR TPPA检测阳性率为8.805。其中女性阳性率为27.40%,男性阳性率为3.73%,女性明显高于男性。结果 吸毒人群静脉注射吸毒、共用注射针具等行为与HIV感染有关。吸毒人群中梅毒的感染率较高,应引起重视。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.