诱导型一氧化氮合酶对肺纤维化形成的促进作用

目的:研究纤维化肺内诱导型一氧化氮合酶上调及其与肺纤维化形成的关系。方法:气管内滴注平阳霉素(BLMA₅5mL/kg),观察注后7、14、30d肺组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)阳性细胞数和Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原纤维的变化;用氨基胍(AG)阻断iNOS合成NO后,观察出肺血中NO₂^-/NO₃^-和肺组织中羟脯氨酸含量以及肺组织形态结构的变化。结果:①注BLMA₅7d、14d和30d组大鼠肺间质iNOS阳性细胞数明显多于对照组(P<0.01),并且,BLMA₅7d组和BLMA₅14d组还多于BLMA₅30d组(P<0.01)。BLMA₅14d和30d组大鼠肺间质胶原纤维的出现多于对照组,BLMA₅14d组以Ⅲ型胶原纤维增多为主,BLMA₅30d组以Ⅰ型胶原纤维增多为主。②AG缓解出肺血NO₂^-/NO₃^-和肺组织中羟脯氨酸含量的升高;AG还阻止肺间质或纤维细胞和巨噬细胞的增多。结论:在肺纤维化形成过程中,肺内iNOS上调,大量生成NO,有促肺纤维化的作用。     

大鼠肺纤维化形成过程中肺内一氧化氮代谢的动态变化

目的:观察大鼠肺纤维化过程中肺内一氧化氮代谢的动态变化及其与肺纤维化形成的关系。方法:气管内一次性滴注平阳霉素(5mL/kg),观察注后7、14、21、30d和70d组大鼠肺组织羟脯氨酸含量,出、入肺血NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量以及14d组肺泡巨噬细胞培养上清液中NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量和肺间质诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)免疫组化阳性细胞数量的变化。结果:7d组大鼠肺组织羟脯氨酸含量与对照组比无明显差异,14d组高于对照组(P＜0.05),21d组、30d组和70d组更为明显(均P＜0.01)。7d组、14d组出肺血NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量明显高于对照组(均P＜0.01),入肺血NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量明显低于对照组(均P＜0.01),21d组出肺血NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量的变化无明显差异(P＞0.05),入肺血仍较低(P＜0.01),30d组和70d组出、入肺血NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量与对照组无明显差异(P＞0.05)。14d组大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞培养上清液中NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量明显高于对照组(P＜0.01)。14d组大鼠肺间质iNOS免疫组化阳性细胞增多。结论:大鼠肺纤维化形成过程中,先有肺内NO生成增多,后出现肺纤维化;在肺纤维化形成后,肺内NO趋向恢复。肺内NO增多与肺泡巨噬细胞释放NO能力增加、肺内iNOS的增多有关。肺内NO的大量生成可能是促使肺纤维化形成的因素之一。     

大鼠肺纤维化形成中肺巨噬细胞增殖和凋亡的变化

目的:观察肺纤维化形成过程中,肺泡巨噬细胞数量、增殖和凋亡的变化。方法:气管内滴注平阳霉素(BLMA₅)(5mg/kg),观察注后14d和30d组大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肺泡巨噬细胞数量、增殖和凋亡的变化以及细胞的MTT活力。结果:(1)BLMA₅14d组和30d组大鼠BALF中巨噬细胞数分别多于sham14d和30d组,(分别P＜0.01,P＜0.05);但BLMA₅30d组的细胞数明显少于BLMA₅14d组(P＜0.05);(2)BLMA₅14d组巨噬细胞增殖指数高于sham14d组(P＜0.05),而BLMA₅30d组增殖指数低于sham30d组(P＜0.05);(3)BLMA₅14d和30d组凋亡细胞数分别多于sham14d和30d组(均P＜0.01),但BLMA₅14d组少于BLMA₅30d组(P＜0.05);(4)BLMA₅14d和30d组大鼠BALF中巨噬细胞数MTT活力分别高于sham14d和30d组,分别P＜0.01,P＜0.05。结论:在肺纤维化形成过程中,肺巨噬细胞增殖能力先增强后减弱;而肺巨噬细胞凋亡始终增加,上述变化是导致肺巨噬细胞数量和功能变化的因素之一。     

肺血管内皮细胞在大鼠急性肺损伤发生中的作用

目的:观察肺血管内皮细胞受损在大鼠急性肺损伤发病中的作用及地塞米松的影响。方法:给Wistar大鼠静脉注射脂多糖(LPS5mg/kgBW)复制急性肺损伤模型。采用ELISA、放射免疫、原位杂交等多种方法测定肺组织ICAM-1mRNA表达、iNOS活性、血中TNF-α、NO₂^-/NO₃^-、ACE含量及肺血管通透性、肺泡灌洗液中细胞数、蛋白含量等的变化。结果:注射LPS后,肺血管ICAM-1mRNA表达增加,从1h开始至24h达高峰。肺组织匀浆iNOS活性升高、肺血管通透性升高、肺泡灌洗液中中性粒细胞数量增加,巨噬细胞数量减少、蛋白含量增加,血中TNF-α、NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量升高而ACE含量下降等变化多在注LPS后2h明显。预先给予地塞米松对上述多种指标的变化有明显缓解作用。结论:提示LPS通过损伤肺血管内皮细胞导致急性肺损伤,地塞米松对其有一定保护作用。     

氨基胍等对严重烧伤大鼠一氧化氮表达及烧伤休克的影响

目的:研究一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂与严重烧伤大鼠体内NO产量、NOS表达以及平均动脉压(MAP)变化的关系。方法:复制大鼠重症烧伤模型,检测应用非选择性NOS抑制剂L-NAME和选择性诱生型NOS(iNOS)抑制剂氨基胍(AG)后大鼠血液中NO代谢产物(NO₂^-／NO₃^-)以及肺和十二指肠组织中神经型NOS(nNOS)mRNA的表达水平,同时测定各组大鼠的MAP。结果:烧伤后大鼠血液中NO₂^-／NO₃^-含量显著增高,L-NAME和AG都能抑制NO₂^-／NO₃^-的升高,P<0.01;烧伤后nNOS的mRNA表达在肺和十二指肠中均有不同程度升高,AG和L-NAME使nNOS表达增加,L-NAME作用更为显著,P<0.01;烧伤后大鼠MAP略有上升,然后进行性下降,L-NAME组大鼠MAP显著升高,但于3h后急剧下降,AG组大鼠MAP下降速度明显低于对照组。结论:结构型NOS(cNOS)与iNOS在烧伤休克病理生理过程中的作用明显不同,iNOS活性过度增高与烧伤休克发病关系密切。     

人工晶体植入术后房水白介素-2和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平及其与一氧化氮的关系

目的：探讨人工晶体植入术后房水中白介素-2（IL-2）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平及其与一氧化氮（NO）的关系。方法：将新西兰白兔随机分成3组：(1) 正常对照组;(2) 晶体囊外摘除术组（ECCE）;(3) 晶体囊外摘除术+人工晶体囊袋内植入术组（ECCE +IOL）。于术后0、1、3、7、14、30 d观察各组动物眼内炎症反应的同时,测定房水中IL-2和TNF-α水平及NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量。结果：(1) 术后1-14 d ECCE+IOL组房水中IL-2、TNF-α和NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量均明显高于ECCE组和对照组,该含量于术后3-7 d达到高峰,2周后逐渐减少;(2) 各组房水IL-2、TNF-α和NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量变化的规律一致,房水IL-2和TNF-α水平与NO含量变化密切相关（P<0.01）。结论：NO和IL-2、TNF-α在人工晶体植入术后眼内炎症反应中可能均起重要的作用。     

吸烟大鼠一氧化氮合酶和一氧化氮的变化

目的:观察吸烟对大鼠肺组织iNOS、eNOSmRNA和蛋白表达以及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中NO的影响, 探讨不同类型的NOS在吸烟所致慢性气道炎症中的作用。方法:选用Wistar大鼠80只随机分为对照组, 被动吸烟组, iNOS抑制剂L-NIL干预组及NOS抑制剂L-NAME干预组。用免疫组化法检测iNOS及eNOS的蛋白表达, 用RT-PCR检测iNOS及eNOSmRNA的表达, 用Griess法测定BALF中的NO^-₂/NO^-₃含量。结果:吸烟大鼠肺组织中iNOSmRNA及其蛋白表达增加, eNOSmRNA及蛋白表达下降, BALF中细胞总数及NO^-₂/NO^-₃显著增加(P＜0.05)。在体实验发现, L-NIL使BALF中细胞总数及NO^-₂/NO^-₃下降(P＜0.05);L-NAME对BALF中细胞总数及NO^-₂/NO^-₃无显著影响(P＞0.05)。结论:吸烟大鼠肺组织iNOSmRNA和蛋白表达增加, eNOSmRNA和蛋白表达减少。活化的iNOS产生大量NO促进炎症发展。     

一氧化氮在人工晶体植入术后眼内炎症反应中的作用

目的:探讨一氧化氮(NO)在人工晶体植入术后眼内炎症反应中的作用。方法:将新西兰白兔随机分成3组:(1)对照组;(2)L-精氨酸(L-Arg)组;(3)N-硝基-L-精氨酸(L-NNA)组。各组动物均施行晶体囊外摘除术(ECCE)+人工晶体囊袋内植入术(IOL),并于术后0、1、3、7、14、30 d观察术后眼内炎症反应,包括检查角膜水肿和前房渗出、房水细胞计数和分类;同时测定房水NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量。结果:L-Arg组前房渗出、房水细胞总数和NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量均高于对照组;而L-NNA组前房渗出、房水细胞总数和房水NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量均低于对照组。结论:NO在人体晶体植入术后眼内炎症反应中起一定的作用;使用NOS抑制剂可减少NO产生,降低术后眼内炎症反应。     

一氧化氮在失血性休克再灌注损伤中的作用及牛磺酸的影响

目的:探讨一氧化氮(NO)在失血性休克再灌注损伤中的作用及牛磺酸的影响。方法:新西兰种兔24只随机分为3组(n=8):对照组、休克组、牛磺酸治疗组。采用失血性休克-再灌注损伤模型。连续观察休克前、休克1.5h、再灌注1h、2h、3h时血浆一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性、一氧化氮代谢产物(NO^-₂／NO^-₃)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的动态变化。结果:①休克组再灌注各时限血浆NOS活性、NO^-₂／NO^-₃含量、MDA含量、LDH活性显著高于休克前及休克1.5h;SOD活性显著低于休克前及休克1.5h。②休克组再灌注3h时心、肺组织NOS活性、NO^-₂／NO^-₃含量、MDA含量显著高于对照组;SOD活性显著低于对照组。③牛磺酸(40mg·kg^-1, iv)可减轻再灌注各时限上述指标的变化。④血浆、心肺组织中NO^-₂／NO^-₃含量与MDA含量均呈正相关。结论:NO介导了休克再灌注损伤, 大量释放的NO参与休克再灌注损伤的脂质过氧化反应, 牛磺酸的拮抗作用可能与减少NO的生成、抗脂质过氧化有关。     

荷S180小鼠血浆ET、NO水平与瘤重变化及相关研究

目的和方法:复制荷S₁₈₀小鼠模型,采用放射免疫均相竞争法和硝酸还原酶法测定不同病期(荷瘤5d、10d和15d)的小鼠血浆中ET和NO₂^-/NO ₃^-水平,称取瘤重,在观察三者的变化规律基础上,探讨不同病期荷S₁₈₀小鼠血浆ET、NO水平的变化,及其与肿瘤发展的关系。结果:不同病期荷瘤鼠血浆ET、NO₂^-/NO₃^-均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。随病期延长,瘤重及NO₂^-/NO₃^-水平逐渐升高(P＜0.05),ET水平也有上升趋势。NO₂^-/NO₃^-水平与瘤重呈正相关(r=0.955,P＜0.05)。NO₂^-/NO₃^-与ET的比值呈先下降后上升的变化。结论:ET、NO与S₁₈₀肉瘤的发生发展有关,二者在肿瘤发展中可能有相互促进作用。     

The role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, dysregulated response to alveolar injury that culminates in compromised lung function from excess extracellular matrix production. Associated with high morbidity and mortality, IPF is generally refractory to current pharmacological therapies. We examined fibrotic lungs from mice and from patients with IPF and detected increased expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs)--key enzymes that metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, to form l-citrulline and dimethylamine. DDAHs are up-regulated in primary alveolar epithelial type II cells from these mice and patients where they are colocalized with inducible nitric oxide synthase. In cultured alveolar epithelial type II cells from bleomycin-induced fibrotic mouse lungs, inhibition of DDAH suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in an ADMA-dependent manner. In addition, DDAH inhibition reduced collagen production by fibroblasts in an ADMA-independent but transforming growth factor/SMAD-dependent manner. In mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the DDAH inhibitor L-291 reduced collagen deposition and normalized lung function. In bleomycin-induced fibrosis, inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition decreased fibrosis, but an even stronger reduction was observed after inhibition of DDAH. Thus, DDAH inhibition reduces fibroblast-induced collagen deposition in an ADMA-independent manner and reduces abnormal epithelial proliferation in an ADMA-dependent manner, offering a possible therapeutic avenue for attenuation of pulmonary fibrosis.     

一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶在急性吸入高浓度氧大鼠肺泡上皮细胞凋亡中的作用

目的: 观察一氧化氮及其合酶在急性吸入高浓度氧大鼠肺泡上皮细胞凋亡中的作用。方法: 60只大鼠随机分为空气对照组(21%O₂)和高氧实验组4 h组、8 h 组、12 h组和16 h组(85%~100%O₂),每组12只,雌雄各半。比色法测定血浆、肺组织匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性。Western blotting检测肺组织中eNOS和iNOS蛋白表达。采用TUNEL染色法检测肺泡表面凋亡细胞,HE染色观察肺组织病理改变。结果: 与对照组比较,高氧各时相组血浆及肺组织匀浆MDA、NO、NOS均升高,差异显著(P<0.01)。对照组eNOS明显表达,高氧4 h组表达开始升高,8 h组eNOS蛋白质表达升高明显。对照组iNOS蛋白微量表达,但表达量远低于eNOS,16 h组表达略增强。与对照组(2.17%±1.80%)比较,4 h组肺泡上皮细胞凋亡数量增加9.13%±3.20%,8 h组、12 h组及16 h组凋亡细胞的数量增加达17.47%±3.50%、19.22%±4.50%和11.03%±2.80%。高氧各组血浆及肺组织各指标与细胞凋亡呈明显的正相关。结论: NO及eNOS在急性高氧诱导的肺泡上皮细胞凋亡的过程中可能发挥介导作用。     

Aminoguanidine produces beneficial haemodynamic effects in a canine model of acute pulmonary thromboembolism

AIM: Activating the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) pathway improves haemodynamics following acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APT). However, the role of NO synthase (NOS) isoforms in the responses to APT has not been determined. We examined the effects of selective and non-selective inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibition. METHODS: Haemodynamic evaluations were performed in non-embolized dogs treated with saline (control group; n = 4), L-NAME (NAME group; n = 3), or aminoguanidine (AG group; n = 3), and in dogs that received the same drugs and were embolized with 5 mL kg(-1) of clots made with autologous blood (Emb group, n = 9; NAME + Emb group, n = 4 and AG + Emb group, n = 7). The lung concentrations of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and cGMP were determined by chemiluminescence and ELISA respectively. RESULTS: Acute pulmonary thromboembolism increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) by 21.4 +/- 1.7 mmHg and by 843 +/- 34 dyn s cm(-5) m(-2), respectively, in Emb group. MPAP and PVRI increased to higher levels in the NAME + Emb group 15 min after APT and all dogs in this group died 15-30 min after APT. Conversely, lower MPAP and PVRI levels were found in the AG + Emb group 2 h after APT compared with the Emb group (both P < 0.05). Higher NOx concentrations were found in the Emb group compared with the other groups (all P < 0.05). Higher cGMP concentrations were found in the Emb and AG + Emb groups compared with the other groups (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that endogenous NO protects against APT-induced cardiovascular responses. Moreover, iNOS-derived NO possibly produces unfavourable effects, which are counteracted by aminoguanidine. However, non-NO-related mechanisms may also be involved.     

Effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase on apoptosis in Candida-induced acute lung injury

Excessive nitric oxide (NO) generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) aggravates acute lung injury (ALI) by producing peroxinitrite. We previously showed that the expression of iNOS and lung injury were suppressed by inhalation of a novel iNOS inhibitor, ONO-1714, in mice with Candida-induced ALI, and that nitric oxide produced by iNOS and apoptosis of epithelial cells were found to have a crucial role in Candida-induced ALI. In the present study, we investigated the effect of NO on the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in Candida-induced ALI. Mice were pretreated by inhalation of ONO-1714 or saline (vehicle control of ONO-1714), and were given an intravenous injection of Candida albicans to induce ALI. After 24 h from injection of Candida albicans, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage and removed lung tissues. We assessed apoptosis on the basis of TUNEL staining and caspase 3 activity. Our results showed that apoptosis was suppressed by inhibition of iNOS-derived NO production by ONO-1714 inhalation. The augmented production of NO increased FasL, TNF-alpha, and mRNA production of Bax of lung that induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. Inhibition of iNOS-derived NO production by ONO-1714 inhalation ameliorated Candida-induced ALI and improved survival by suppressing apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells.     

肢体缺血再灌注后的肺损伤和细胞凋亡及NO的效应

目的：探讨肢体缺血再灌注（LIR）后肺的损伤性变化以及细胞凋亡在肺损伤发生中的作用；探讨一氧化氮（NO）对LIR后肺组织细胞凋亡的影响。 方法：采用本室常规方法复制大鼠LIR模型，给予外源性一氧化氮合酶底物（L-Arg）和一氧化氮合酶抑制剂(L-NAME)处理，采用原位末端标记法（TUNEL）检测缺血4 h再灌注4 h时各组动物肺组织细胞凋亡情况；采用放免法检测凋亡相关细胞因子TNF-α在肺组织的表达，结合计算机分析系统对结果进行定量分析；采用免疫组织化学方法检测Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3、TNF-α蛋白表达情况，结合自动图像分析系统对其结果进行定量分析；在光镜下观察肺组织的形态学改变。结果：大鼠LIR后4 h，肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞、肺血管内皮细胞呈凋亡改变,肺组织TNF-α、caspase-3、Bax明显上调,Bcl-2表达下调。L-Arg处理组，凋亡细胞数明显减少，肺组织TNF-α、caspase-3、Bax的表达情况与IR组相比明显减弱，Bcl-2表达明显增强；L-NAME处理组动物肺组织TNF-α、caspase-3、Bax的表达情况与IR组相比明显增强，Bcl-2表达明显减弱。结论：细胞凋亡参与了大鼠LIR后急性肺损伤的发生，且与TNF-α有关；NO可通过减弱细胞凋亡相关因子TNF-α的表达，减轻LIR后肺组织的细胞凋亡。     

胰淀素对人胰岛β细胞凋亡的影响及其分子机制的初步研究

目的：初步探讨胰淀素（amylin）对人胰岛β细胞凋亡的影响及其分子机制。方法： 分离培养人胰岛细胞，免疫组化鉴定β细胞后分为对照组（培养液中含56 mmol/L葡萄糖）、胰淀素组（培养液中含10μmol/L胰淀素+56 mmol/L葡萄糖）及氨基胍组（培养液中含10 μmol/L胰淀素+05 mmol/L氨基胍+56 mmol/L葡萄糖），于37 ℃、5%CO2 培养24 h后做胰岛素释放实验，测定培养液上清胰岛素、一氧化氮（NO2-/NO3-）、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平。原位末端核苷酸标记法（TUNEL）和胰岛素免疫组化双染色法及ELISA检测胰岛β细胞凋亡， RT-PCR检测胰岛细胞p53和bcl-2 mRNA表达水平。结果：胰淀素组胰岛β细胞凋亡小体富计系数（217±021）、β细胞凋亡百分数（13%）、NO2-/NO3-（2013±173）μmol/L和p53 mRNA表达水平（034±004）显著高于氨基胍组和对照组(P<001)，而胰岛素（334±131）mU·L-1/1×106 cells、GSH［（56±08） mg/L］和bcl-2 mRNA（007±001）表达水平则显著低于氨基胍组和对照组(P<005)。结论： 胰淀素可诱导人胰岛β细胞凋亡，其机制可能与胰岛β细胞抗氧化能力降低引起p53高表达有关。     

Endogenous NO does not regulate baseline pulmonary pressure,but reduces acute pulmonary hypertension in dogs

It has remained unclear whether endogenous production of nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the regulation of physiologically normal pulmonary pressures. Severe alveolar hypoxia is accompanied by decreased pulmonary NO production, which could contribute to the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. On the other hand, pharmacological NO inhibition further augments this hypertensive response. AIMS: The aims of the present study were to test: (a) whether NO contributes importantly in the maintenance of baseline pulmonary pressure; and (b) to which degree NO is involved in the pulmonary haemodynamic adjustments to alveolar hypoxia. METHODS: In anaesthetized dogs (n=37), the systemic and pulmonary haemodynamic effects of the NO synthase inhibitor, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 20 mg kg(-1)) and substrate, L-arginine (200-500 mg kg(-1)), were determined at baseline and during alveolar hypoxia. Constant blood flows were accomplished by biventricular bypass, and systemic normoxaemia was maintained by extracorporeal oxygenation. RESULTS: The primary findings were: (a) L-NAME failed to increase baseline mean pulmonary arterial pressure (10.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 10.5 +/- 0.5 mmHg, P=ns), despite effective NO synthase inhibition as evidenced by robust increases in systemic arterial pressures; (b) L-NAME augmented the pulmonary hypertensive response to alveolar hypoxia (10.2 +/- 0.7 to 19.5 +/- 1.7 with L-NAME vs. 9.9 +/- 1.1 to 15.5 +/- 1.0 mmHg without L-NAME, P<0.05); and (c) L-arginine failed to decrease baseline or elevated pulmonary pressures. Instead, prolonged L-arginine caused increases in pulmonary pressure. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that NO plays no significant role in the tonic physiological control of pulmonary pressure, but endogenous NO becomes an important vasodilatory modulator during elevated pulmonary pressure.     

Ghrelin 通过AKT/ ERK 信号通路对LPS 诱导的肺泡上皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究Ghrelin 对内毒素(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)所致的肺泡域型上皮细胞(A549)凋亡的影响及其机制。方法:CCK-8(Cell Counting Kit-8)法检测LPS 刺激对A549 的细胞毒性;原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡率;流式细胞术检测细胞内一氧化氮(NO)的产生;Western blot 检测诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)、AKT、ERK、p-AKT、p鄄ERK 信号通路蛋白以及cleaved caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2 凋亡相关蛋白的表达。结果:CCK-8 检测结果显示LPS 可显著抑制A549 细胞的增殖,降低细胞活力;TUNEL 检测发现Ghrelin 可显著抑制LPS 导致的A549 细胞的凋亡(P<0.05);LPS 可以促进iNOS 的表达,增加细胞内NO 的产生,并同时抑制AKT、ERK 通路的活性,上调下游促凋亡蛋白Bax 以及终末凋亡蛋白cleaved caspase-3 的表达,下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2 的表达,而应用Ghrelin 预处理后可以逆转LPS 对AKT、ERK 通路活性的抑制,继而下调Bax 以及cleaved caspase-3 的表达,上调Bcl-2 的表达,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但Ghrelin 对细胞内NO 的产生无明显影响。结论:Ghrelin 可以通过上调AKT 及ERK 通路的活性抑制LPS 诱导的肺泡上皮细胞凋亡,但不能降低iNOS 诱导产生NO 的水平。