住院高血压老干部人格特征与心理健康状况分析

目的探究住院高血压老干部人格特征与心理健康状况。方法选取我院2013年5月到2015年5月收治的住院高血压老干部患者80例作为观察组,并选取同期来我院体检的健康老年人80例作为对照组。采用艾森克人格问卷、症状自评量表对两组进行测评,记录并分析结果。结果观察组精神质、内外项、神经质、掩饰量表各项得分均高于对照组,即观察组的人格特征倾向于外向和不稳定型,而对照组的人格特征倾向于内向和稳定型。组间差异明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、阳性项目数各项得分均高于对照组,组间差异明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论住院高血压老干部人格特征与心理健康状况二者密切相关,采取有效的综合护理,包括心理护理、基础护理、饮食护理、药物护理,健康指导等,可以提高住院高血压老干部的心理健康水平,延缓病情发展。     

消化性溃疡患者92例心理状况调查分析

目的研究消化性溃疡患者的心理状况,探索对消化性溃疡患者进行心理行为干预的措施。方法应用精神心理学量表症状自评量表SCL-90、EPQ,他评量表HAMD、HAMA对91例消化性溃疡患者组和95例健康对照组进行病例一对照研究。结果研究组与对照组SCL-90评分,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;研究组SCL-90的九个因子与人格神经质（E分）维度、人格外向性（N分）维度呈一定程度的正相关性;HAMD和HAMA分值方面,研究组与对照组比,差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论消化性溃疡患者治疗上除了传统地使用消化性溃疡药物外,应配合心理认知疗法和抗焦虑、抗抑郁药物治疗,对促进溃疡的愈合和康复有重要作用。     

高校离退休教师主观幸福感及与人格特质的关系

目的 了解并探讨目前高校离退休教师主观幸福感现状及与人格特质的关系,为改善老年人心理健康及生活质量提供理论依据.方法 使用艾森克人格问卷和纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表进行问卷调查.结果 外向性维度与幸福感正性因子存在正相关,不同人格类型被试主观幸福感各因子得分轮廓不平行,除负性情感以外,四种类型组间差别均有统计学意义.结论 外向性人格是影响老年人主观幸福感的重要因素,外向稳定型个体的幸福感水平最高.     

兰州市城关区350名女性性服务人员性病/艾滋病患病情况调查分析

目的了解甘肃省兰州市城关区娱乐场所女性性服务人员(FSW)性传播疾病感染情况及感染后的就医行为和态度,为商业性性服务人员的干预工作提供指导依据。方法对城关区高、中、低档娱乐场所的350名女性性服务人员进行一对一问卷调查,同时进行性传播疾病感染检测。结果 350名FSW艾滋病相关知识知晓率为80.29%,最近一次性服务安全套使用率为85.71%,最近一个月性服务每次使用安全套的比例为40.00%,有时使用的比例为32.86%,从未使用的比例为27.14%;性传播疾病阳性率为20.57%,其中梅毒感染率6.00%、生殖道沙眼衣原体感染率8.57%、淋病感染率6.00%;不同场所的FSW在社会人口学、商业性性行为、安全套使用及性病患病率方面存在差异。结论不同场所FSW性病患病率和求医行为存在差异,FSW仍是艾滋病干预的重点人群,特别是街头商业性性服务人员更易受到性病、艾滋病的威胁。     

甘肃省农村留守小学生心理健康与人格特征关系调查

目的了解农村留守小学生的心理健康状况、人格特征及其关系,为开展留守儿童心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷儿童版(EPQ)对3所小学401名学生进行问卷调查并统计分析,比较留守与非留守学生心理健康状况及人格特征差异,并对留守学生心理健康及人格特征进行相关分析。结果留守学生的强迫症状与非留守学生差异无统计学意义外(t=1.311,P0.05),SCL-90总分(t=3.817)、躯体化(t=3.762)、人际关系敏感(t=3.579)、抑郁(t=3.253)、焦虑(t=3.719)、敌对(t=4.688)、恐怖(t=3.268)、偏执(t=3.749)和精神病性症状(t=3.001)等各因子得分均高于非留守学生,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01);在人格特征方面内外向(t=2.175)、神经质(t=2.232)方面得分高于非留守学生(P0.05),精神质(t=1.108)和掩饰性(t=0.118)与非留守学生差异无统计学意义(P0.05);SCL-90量表各因子得分均与精神质和神经质呈显著正相关(P0.01),掩饰性与强迫症状和恐怖两因子相关不显著(P0.05),与其他因子呈负相关(P0.01),内外向与各因子呈不显著相关(P0.05)。结论留守对儿童心理健康和人格发展有不利影响,心理健康和人格特征密切相关,应对小学生开展心理健康铺导,并注重塑造健全人格。     

艾滋病防治医护人员人格特征对医患关系的影响

目的了解艾滋病防治医护人员的人格特征对医患关系的影响。方法采用中国大五人格问卷简式版和医患关系问卷,对346名艾滋病防治医护人员进行调查,用SPSS 13.0软件统计分析。结果在346名医护人员中,医疗系列166人,护理系列148人,其他32人;高级职称60人,中级106人,初级156人,其他24人。(1)在神经质上的得分,初级职称为(26.83±6.06),高于中级职称(22.77±6.71)(P0.001)和高级职称(23.12±8.28)(P0.01),其他为(26.33±7.07),高于中级职称(P0.05);护理系列(25.99±6.88)高于医疗系列(23.95±7.41)(P0.05)。在宜人性上的得分,高级职称(39.92±5.79)高于初级职称(35.50±6.16)(P0.001)和其他(36.29±4.81)(P0.05),中级职称(38.65±5.50)高于初级职称(35.50±6.16)(P0.001)。在外向性上的得分,男性初级职称(30.20±4.80)高于女性初级职称(27.75±5.39)(P0.01)。(2)艾滋病防治医护人员人格与医患关系相关显著(r=-0.254~0.373)。(3)在支持性互动关系维度,高分组在外向性、严谨性和宜人性上的得分[分别:(31.18±6.01)、(40.44±6.28)、(39.76±6.19)]高于低分组[分别:(27.22±5.38)、(31.71±7.72)、(33.75±6.24)](P0.05);在抑制性互动关系维度,高分组在严谨性和宜人性上的得分[分别:(34.20±5.01)、(35.20±6.62)]低于低分组[分别:(37.52±6.95)、(40.00±4.77)](P0.05),在神经质的得分上,高分组(28.45±6.34)高于低分组(21.86±8.81)(P0.001)。结论不同性别、职称和岗位类型的艾滋病防治医护人员人格存在较大差异,人格中的外向性、宜人性、严谨性和神经质对医患关系具有显著的预测作用。     

30～40岁年龄段人格特点对阿尔茨海默病发病的影响

目的研究阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者30～40岁未发病时人格特质是否与AD发病之间存在相关性。方法在芜湖、安庆各大综合性医院、养老院及社区收集65岁及以上确诊的AD病人40例为AD组,采用大五人格量表中文简化版(NEOFFI),让长期照顾病人的家属针对病人发病前30～40岁年龄段的人格特点进行他评调查,从神经质性、开放性、外向性、严谨性、宜人性五个方面进行评估。同时收集44名65岁及以上健康老人(正常组)的30～40岁年龄段人格特点的调查结果。结果 AD组被试神经质性、宜人性、严谨性高于正常组,而开放性,外向性均低于正常组;其中宜人性差异有统计学意义(t=2.505,P=0.014)。相关性分析也显示AD发病与宜人性正相关(r=0.267,P=0.014),线性回归分析显示宜人性具有正向预测作用(β=0.029,P=0.007);而开放性具有负向预测作用(β=-0.036,P=0.015)。结论 AD患者30～40岁未发病时的人格特点中宜人性分数高与AD日后发病有较高的相关性。     

2型糖尿病患者艾森克人格特征分析

目的研究2型糖尿病患者艾森克人格特征。方法应用问卷调查形式,采用艾森克个性问卷量表(EPQ,成人版)为评定工具,对160例2型糖尿病患者的人格特征进行调查,采用SPSS 21. 0统计软件进行分析。结果不同性别患者内外倾向量表(E)维度、精神质量表(P)维度和效度量表(L)维度差异有统计学意义(P0. 05),其中男性E维度和P维度得分显著高于女性,而L维度得分显著低于女性(P0. 05);不同年龄患者E维度、P维度、N维度和L维度差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);不同学历患者L维度差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);不同病程患者L维度差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);有无并发症者L维度差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者具有自己的人格特征,在糖尿病治疗中应进行积极心理治疗,尽早纠正不良性格。     

脑卒中患者生命质量、人格特征及其相关性

目的探讨脑卒中患者生命质量及人格特征及其相关性。方法选取150例脑卒中患者为脑卒中组,同时随机选择150例健康体检者作为对照组,采用简明健康状况量表(SF-36)及艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)分别对两组的生命质量及人格特征进行调查。结果脑卒中组生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康得分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);脑卒中组内外向、神经质、掩饰性评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);精神质与生理功能、躯体疼痛、社会功能呈负相关(P<0.05),内外向与精力、精神健康呈正相关(P<0.05),神经质与生命质量各维度呈现不同程度的负相关(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中患者普遍存在较差的生命质量及较为严重的人格特征问题,且人格特征可以直接影响其生命质量。     

大五人格与支气管哮喘伴发抑郁的关系研究

目的 研究大五人格与支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)伴发抑郁的关系.方法 对216例哮喘患者应用大五人格量表和自评抑郁量表进行调查,对收集到的数据运用SPSS 11.5进行t检验、Pearson相关分析和多元逐步回归分析.结果 抑郁组与非抑郁哮喘患者在人格的神经质、外向性、开放性、愉悦性和公正严谨性维度上均存在显著性差异.哮喘伴发抑郁与患者人格的神经质维度呈显著正相关,与外向性、公正严谨性维度呈显著负相关.大五人格中的抑郁、严谨、积极情绪、活跃、自我意识是预测哮喘伴发抑郁的人格特质.结论 抑郁组与非抑郁组哮喘患者在人格上存在显著差异,大五人格中的抑郁、严谨、积极情绪、活跃、自我意识是预测哮喘伴发抑郁的人格特质.     

Do personality characteristics predict longevity? Findings from the Tokyo Centenarian Study

To explore whether personality influences longevity we examined the personality characteristics of centenarians. We developed a new method that compares an actual personality test score for centenarians with a predicted test score for a 100-year-old, calculated from younger controls. The participants consisted of 70 cognitively intact Japanese centenarians aged 100–106 years and 1812 elderly people aged 60–84 years, all residents of Tokyo. The NEO five factor inventory (NEO-FFI) was used to assess the “big five” personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The results showed higher openness in both male and female centenarians, and higher conscientiousness and extraversion in female centenarians, as compared to controls. These results suggest that high scores in the specific personality traits conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness, are associated with longevity. We speculate that these personality traits contribute to longevity through health-related behavior, stress reduction, and adaptation to the challenging problems of the “oldest old”.     

Personality Traits of Centenarians' Offspring

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the offspring of centenarians have personality characteristics that are distinct from the general population.
DESIGN: Case-control.
SETTING: Nationwide U.S. sample.
PARTICIPANTS: Unrelated offspring of centenarians (n=246, mean age 75) were compared with published norms.
MEASUREMENTS: Using the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) questionnaire, measures of the personality traits neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were obtained. T-scores and percentiles were calculated according to sex and used to interpret the results.
RESULTS: Male and female offspring of centenarians scored in the low range of published norms for neuroticism and in the high range for extraversion. The women also scored comparatively high in agreeableness. Otherwise, both sexes scored within normal range for conscientiousness and openness, and the men scored within normal range for agreeableness.
CONCLUSION: Specific personality traits may be important to the relative successful aging demonstrated by the offspring of centenarians. Similarities across four of the five domains between male and female offspring is noteworthy and may relate to their successful aging. Measures of personality are an important phenotype to include in studies that assess genetic and environmental influences of longevity and successful aging.     

Does personality influence how people with asthma manage their condition?

Objective: Personality traits have been found to be associated with the management of chronic disease, however, there is limited research on these relationships with respect to asthma. Asthma management and asthma control are often suboptimal, representing a barrier to patients achieving good health outcomes. This explorative study aimed to investigate the relationship between correlates of asthma management and personality traits. Methods: Participants completed a postal survey comprising validated self-report questionnaires measuring personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experiences, agreeableness, conscientiousness), asthma medication adherence, asthma control and perceived control of asthma. Relationships between asthma management factors and personality traits were examined using correlations and regression procedures. Results: A total of 77 surveys were returned from 94 enrolled participants. Significant relationships were found between personality traits and (i) adherence to asthma medications, and (ii) perceived control of asthma. Participants who scored high on the conscientiousness dimension of personality demonstrated higher adherence to their asthma medications. Women who scored low on the agreeableness dimension of personality and high on the neuroticism dimension had significantly lower perceived confidence and ability to manage their asthma. No statistically significant associations were found between asthma control and personality traits. Conclusions: Three of the five personality traits were found to be related to asthma management. Future research into the role of personality traits and asthma management will assist in the appropriate tailoring of interventional strategies to optimize the health of patients with asthma.     

Personality factors and profiles in variants of irritable bowel syndrome

AIM: To study the association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) variants (constipation,diarrhea,or both) and personality traits in non-psychiatric patients. METHODS: IBS was diagnosed using the Rome Ⅱ diagnostic criteria after exclusion of organic bowel pathology. The entry of each patient was confirmed following a psychiatric interview. Personality traits and the score of each factor were evaluated using the NEO Five Factor Inventory. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty patients were studied. The mean age (± SD) was 33.4 (± 11.0) year (62% female). Subjects scored higher in neuroticism (26.25 ± 7.80 vs 22.92 ± 9.54,P < 0.0005),openness (26.25 ± 5.22 vs 27.94 ± 4.87,P < 0.0005) and conscientiousness (32.90 ± 7.80 vs 31.62 ± 5.64,P < 0.01) compared to our general population derived from universities of Iran. Our studied population consisted of 71 patients with Diarrhea dominant-IBS,33 with Constipation dominant-IBS and 46 with Altering type-IBS. Scores of conscientiousness and neuroticism were significantly higher in C-IBS compared to D-IBS and A-IBS (35.79 ± 5.65 vs 31.95 ± 6.80,P = 0.035 and 31.97 ± 9.87,P = 0.043,respectively). Conscientiousness was the highest dimension of personality in each of the variants. Patients with C-IBS had almost similar personality profiles,composed of higher scores for neuroticism and conscientiousness,with low levels of agreeableness,openness and extraversion that were close to those of the general population. CONCLUSION: Differences were observed between IBS patients and the general population,as well as between IBS subtypes,in terms of personality factors. Patients with constipation-predominant IBS showed similar personality profiles. Patients with each subtype of IBS may benefit from psychological interventions,which can be focused considering the characteristics of each subtype.     

The influence of socio-demographic factors on personality dimensions in the elderly

The personality factors neuroticism, extraversion, openness for experiences, agreeableness and conscientiousness were investigated in a random population sample of n=497 people over 60 years old with the help of a German version of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory - NEO-FFI (2, 6). The results were compared with those from n=497 people between 18 and 30 years old and with those from n=1051 people between 31 and 60 years old. The elderly described themselves as being less extroverted, less open, more agreeable and more conscientious than the people under 60 years old. Means of the personality factors were not associated with age in the over 60 years old. The average level of neuroticism and conscientiousness was significantly higher in women over 60 years old than in men. People living in the former Eastern Germany were more open and conscientiousness than those living in former Western Germany. A higher level of openness was found in people with a higher educational level. There was a higher level of neuroticism in people living without a partner than in those living with a partner.     

冠心病伴发的抑郁与人格、应对方式和社会支持的关系

目的：研究冠心病伴发的抑郁情绪与人格、应对方式和社会支持的关系。方法：对240例住院冠心病患者应用自评抑郁量表、简式大五人格量表、特质应对方式问卷和领悟社会支持量表进行调查,对收集到的数据进行相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果：抑郁组（90例）与非抑郁组（150例）冠心病患者在人格的外向性、神经质、严谨性、开放性以及社会支持总分和家庭外支持上均存在显著性差异（P〈0．05～〈0．01）;冠心病伴发的抑郁情绪与患者人格的外向性、开放性、神经质、严谨性,应对方式与社会支持显著相关（r=-0．293～0．582,P〈0．01）;人格的神经质、社会支持总分、积极应对和公正严谨性进人抑郁的回归方程（β=-0．18～0．30,P〈0．05～〈0．01）。结论：人格的神经质、社会支持、积极应对和公正严谨性是影响冠心病伴发抑郁情绪的关键因素。     

Self-transcendence: conceptualization and measurement

Self-transcendence has been hypothesized to be a critical component of wisdom (Curnow, 1999) and adaptation in later life (Tornstam, 1994). It reflects a decreasing reliance on externals for definition of the self, increasing interiority and spirituality, and a greater sense of connectedness with past and future generations. The Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory was administered to 351 individuals along with the NEO-FFI Personality Scale (McCrae & Costa, 1989). A principal axis factor analysis identified two factors: self-transcendence and alienation. The relationships between self-transcendence and neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion, and agreeableness were significant, although modest, suggesting that self-transcendence cannot be accounted for in terms of positive personality traits alone. As expected, a multiple regression analysis indicated that self-transcendence was negatively related to neuroticism and positively related to meditation practice. The present study appears to lend support to the construct of self-transcendence.     

Impact of personality and depression on quality of life in patients with severe haemophilia in Korea

Among reports on the psychological variables that influence quality of life (QoL), none has addressed the impact of personality on QoL in patients with haemophilia. We investigated the impact of psychosocial variables including depression and personality on QoL in patients with severe haemophilia. A cross‐sectional survey examining psychosocial and clinical characteristics was administered to Korean patients with severe haemophilia. Personality traits were ascertained using the 10‐item short version of the Big Five Inventory, which quantifies five personality dimensions including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness. Patient QoL and depression were measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life‐abbreviated version and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) respectively. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used for each domain to determine the impact of psychological variables on QoL. Of the 53 subjects who consented to participate, 46 cases were finally analysed. Multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated that agreeableness was significantly and positively associated with the physical health domain of QoL. Openness was independently and positively associated with the psychological and social relationship domains of QoL. BDI scores were significantly and negatively associated with all four domains of the QoL. Persistent pain and joint impairment showed strong associations with all domains in a univariate analysis, but the impact was attenuated after adjusting for psychosocial variables. Personality and depression had strong impacts on QoL independent of physical status in patients with severe haemophilia. Providing psychological screening and intervention are recommended for enhancing QoL in patients with severe haemophilia.     

Longitudinal trajectories in Guilford-Zimmerman temperament survey data: results from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging

We examined developmental trends in personality traits over a 42-year time period by using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (N = 2,359; individuals aged 17-98), collected from 1958 to 2002. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed cumulative mean-level changes averaging about 0.5 SD across adulthood. Scales related to extraversion showed distinct developmental patterns: General Activity declined from age 60 to 90; Restraint increased; Ascendance peaked around age 60; and Sociability declined slightly. Scales related to neuroticism showed curvilinear declines up to age 70 and increases thereafter. Scales related to agreeableness and openness changed little; Masculinity declined linearly. We found significant individual variability in change. Although intercepts differed, trajectories were similar for men and women. Attrition and death had no effect on slopes. This study highlights the use of lower order traits in providing a more nuanced picture of developmental change.