Sciatic nerve block made easy for resident trainers

BackgroundThe infragluteal parabiceps approach to sciatic nerve might be easier to be learnt by trainees with reasonable success rate and performance time and less incidence of complications.MethodsAfter ethical approval, infragluteal and Labat approaches for sciatic nerve block (n = 50 for each) were performed by five trainees at 3rd grade of anesthesia training program. We recorded the changes in the times to performance of the block, and onset of sensory block, the patients' satisfaction and difficulty of the technique for the trainees.ResultsPerformance time was 3–3.5 min with Labat approach and 2–2.75 min with infra-gluteal approach (P < 0.001). Sciatic nerve stimulation was observed at a depth of 70 ± 8 mm after (2–10) needle redirection in group Labat, and at a depth of 58 ± 13 mm after (2–7) needle redirection in infragluteal group (P < 0.001). Failed nerve block was reported in 5 cases in group Labat and 2 cases in infra-gluteal group (P = 0.13). Thirty cases in Labat group would refuse the same anesthetic if required in the future for another surgery, while only twenty five cases in infragluteal group would refuse the same technique in the future (P = 0.13). Three resident trainer described the infragluteal approach as a simple approach and easy to perform by a beginner, whereas only two trainers accepted the Labat approach (P = 0.52).ConclusionInfragluteal approach for the sciatic nerve block was considered rapidly and easy to use and the preferred approach regardless of previous experience compared with Labat approach.     

Three-dimensional, multiplanar, ultrasound-guided, radial nerve block

OBJECTIVE: We describe the use of 3-dimensional, multiplanar ultrasound imaging for peripheral nerve block. CASE REPORT: To illustrate the potential usefulness of the technique, we present a case in which real-time 3-dimensional, multiplanar ultrasound was used to assist in the performance of a radial nerve block. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional, multiplanar ultrasound in real-time has the potential to improve nerve identification and accuracy of needle placement in regional anesthesia.     

神经阻滞联合全身麻醉对大隐静脉曲张患者术后疼痛及应激反应的影响

目的 探讨神经阻滞联合全身麻醉对大隐静脉曲张患者术后疼痛与应激反应的影响。方法 收集2019年6月至2021年11月首都医科大学大兴教学医院收治的110例大隐静脉曲张患者临床资料,根据麻醉方式不同分为全身麻醉组（n=55,采用全身麻醉）和联合组（n=55,采用神经阻滞联合全身麻醉）。比较两组患者术前、术中的血流动力学指标：平均动脉压（MAP）、收缩压（SBP）、心率（HR）的变化情况;观察两组患者术后各时间点的疼痛程度;比较两组患者术前、术后1 d的应激反应指标：C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、活性氧（ROS）,凝血功能指标：凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（Fib）、凝血酶时间（TT）、D-二聚体（D-D）,血清学相关指标：血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)、血栓素B2(TXB2)。结果 术中,两组患者MAP、SBP、HR均降低,但联合组患者均高于全身麻醉组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后1、48 h,两组患者视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P&g...     

改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞在单侧大隐静脉曲张手术中的应用

目的观察改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞在单侧大隐静脉曲张手术中的麻醉效果。方法选择择期行单侧大隐静脉高位结扎加抽剥术患者60例,男32例,女28例,年龄42~76岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法将其分为改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞组(N组)和硬膜外阻滞组(E组),每组30例。N组先行腘窝坐骨神经阻滞,再在超声图像上确认髂筋膜和股神经位置,先行股神经阻滞,再在同一穿刺点从缝匠肌内侧缘开始,由外向内沿髂筋膜下给1%利多卡因10ml和0.5%罗哌卡因10ml,同时超声探头在腹股沟韧带水平向内移动,内侧达股动脉上方;E组采用L2~3间隙行硬膜外阻滞。记录两组阻滞前(T0)、阻滞后10min(T1)、30min(T2)、60min(T3)的SBP、DBP及HR;记录两组阻滞完成时间、感觉阻滞起效时间、术中麻黄碱使用情况、麻醉效果及术后48h恶心呕吐、头痛及尿潴留发生情况。结果与T0时比较,T2时E组的SBP和DBP明显降低(P0.05),T2时N组SBP和DBP明显高于E组(P0.05);N组感觉阻滞起效时间明显短于E组、术中麻黄碱使用率明显低于E组(P0.05);E组整体麻醉效果优于N组(P0.05),但两组麻醉效果优良率差异无统计学意义;术后48hN组尿潴留发生率明显低于E组(P0.05)。结论改良髂筋膜间隙联合腘窝坐骨神经阻滞用于单侧大隐静脉高位结扎加抽剥术中,麻醉效果良好,较硬膜外阻滞具有血流动力学影响小、术后并发症少及适应证更广等优点。     

The vascularized saphenous nerve as cross-face nerve graft

Summary The vascular anatomy of the saphenous nerve was studied by cadaver preparation, Indian ink and micropaque injection. A constant vascularized nerve graft with a good pedicle and suitable length for a cross-face anastomosis was found. The vascularized saphenous nerve was used for the first time as a cross-face graft in 8 patients with facial palsy. The Tinel-sign was followed-up and a biopsy of the nerve graft at the time of the muscle transplantation was carried out to compare the morphological results of the vascularized nerve graft with two free sural nerve grafts which were used in two patients at the same time. The functional results are demonstrated.     

隐神经穿出收肌管定位在超声引导下收肌管阻滞中的应用

目的回顾临床病例资料,并从尸体解剖的角度探讨收肌管阻滞(adductor canal block,ACB)的最佳位置。方法临床部分:回顾性分析接受超声引导下ACB患者19例,男11例,女8例,年龄21~85岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级。其中9例在大腿中段水平,10例在收肌管下口水平,均注射0.5%罗哌卡因10 ml,比较注射后30 min及术后24 h小腿内侧对冰块的温度觉。解剖部分:纳入尸体20具,共40条下肢,男性20条,女性20条。测量髂前上棘至胫骨内侧髁、髂前上棘至收肌管上口、髂前上棘至收肌管下口、髂前上棘至隐神经穿出大收肌腱膜处的距离,记录收肌管的长度、收肌管在下肢的相对位置、隐神经穿出收肌管的位点等数据。结果临床部分:19例均在注射后30 min失去对冰块的温度觉,并在术后24 h恢复。解剖部分:隐神经均在收肌管内向下走行并于近收肌管末端处穿出,与膝降动脉的隐神经支伴行。收肌管长度约为(10.0±2.1)cm。收肌管上口、下口、隐神经穿出收肌管的位置分别为缝匠肌全长的(54.7±3.0)%、(76.0%±3.8)%、(74.1±3.2)%。结论在收肌管下口水平和大腿中段水平进行超声引导下ACB均可以获得满意的隐神经阻滞效果。ACB的最佳位点应为缝匠肌的约中下1/3处。超声引导下在膝降动脉旁注射局麻药可能成为隐神经阻滞的一个新方法。     

阴部神经阻滞在痔手术中的应用

目的探讨阴部神经阻滞麻醉在痔切除手术中应用的临床效果。方法对两组各25例Ⅲ、Ⅳ度痔患者分别采用阴部神经阻滞麻醉及腰部麻醉,分别观察比较两组患者手术操作时间,术中麻醉效果,术后第一次疼痛的时间,最大疼痛分级,术后继发出血、尿潴留及恶心、呕吐情况。结果两组患者在手术操作时间及术中麻醉效果的比较上无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;阴部神经阻滞组术后第一次疼痛时间13.53±1.82 h相比腰部麻醉组6.15±2.60 h明显延长（P〈0.05）;阴部神经阻滞组在各时段最大疼痛分级明显优于腰部麻醉组（P〈0.05）;阴部神经阻滞组术后尿潴留及恶心、呕吐发生率比腰部麻醉组明显减少（P〈0.05）。结论阴部神经阻滞麻醉用于痔手术,麻醉效果好,镇痛时间长,降低了常规腰部麻醉带来的痔术后并发症的发生,并为门诊手术开展提供技术支持。     

髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞在儿科麻醉中的应用

髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞具有麻醉效果确切,对患者全身影响小和术后镇痛时间长等优点,尤其适合小儿腹股沟区手术的麻醉和镇痛。现就其应用解剖、操作方法、临床应用等方面进行综述。     

Bowel hematoma following an iliohypogastric-ilioinguinal nerve block

We report a case of a subserosal small bowel hematoma following an ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block for an appendicectomy in a 6-year-old girl. The bowel hematoma was noted in the wall of the terminal ileum after opening the peritoneum. The hematoma was nonobstructing and the child remained asymptomatic. We discuss the technical aspects of this block.     

Ultrasound-guided ankle block. History revisited

Following forefoot surgery, compared to the traditional multimodal approach, regional anesthesia and analgesia provides high quality pain relief, decreases opioids consumption and leads to very high satisfaction scores. Traditional regional techniques relied either on wound infiltration, landmark technique ankle blocks or popliteal sciatic nerve block. Numerous anatomic variations of the different nerves might lead to failure following a blind technique.The current evolution towards ambulatory care will push surgical teams to favor techniques that simplify postoperative treatment and encourages immediate ambulation.The development of Ultrasound Guided Blocks has enabled us to perform very selective and precise nerve blocks.Ankle blocks provide excellent intraoperative anesthesia as well as long postoperative pain relief. Complications are rare using regional anesthesia for postoperative analgesia even after extensive foot surgery.Revival of ankle blocks is a perfect example of the high impact of new technological advances in improving ambulatory surgical care after foot surgery.     

颈臂丛联合神经阻滞麻醉应用于锁骨骨折手术中的临床体会

目的探讨颈臂丛联合神经阻滞麻醉应用锁骨骨折手术中的临床效果。方法选取锁骨骨折手术患者115例,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组采用颈臂丛联合阻滞麻醉,对照组采用颈浅丛神经阻滞麻醉。观察2组麻醉效果的优良率、心率、平均动脉压、氧饱和度以及不良反应。结果 2组患者心率与平均动脉压比较差异具有统计学意义P<0.01,氧饱和度比较差异无统计学意义P>0.05。观察组麻醉优良率明显高于对照组,x2=7.9367,P<0.05。2组患者麻醉后不良反应发生率比较,x2=0.2413,P>0.05。结论颈臂丛联合阻滞是一种较好的麻醉方法,、效果理想、并发症少,适合锁骨骨折手术推广使用。     

神经刺激器定位下坐骨神经阻滞与椎管内阻滞对足、踝部手术麻醉效果的比较

目的比较神经刺激器定位下坐骨神经阻滞与硬膜外阻滞和脊麻对足、踝部手术的麻醉效果。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,年龄20～55岁,足、踝部择期手术患者60例,随机分为三组,坐骨神经阻滞组(N组)、硬膜外阻滞组(E组)和脊麻组(S组),每组20例。观察和记录麻醉起效时间、麻醉效果、患者满意度评分,并观察不良反应。结果起效时间N组[(15±4)min]与S组[(6±4)min]比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05),与E组[(16±4)min]比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。术中疼痛程度三组间差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。术后镇痛时间N组[(9±4)h]较S组[(4±3)h]长,与E组[(10±3)h]接近,与S组比差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。N组术中及术后未见明显的不良反应发生。结论坐骨神经阻滞与硬膜外阻滞和脊麻一样,可以满足踝部手术的需要,且并发症少。     

Dorsal penile nerve block

BACKGROUND: The dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) is a common form of regional anaesthesia for circumcisions in children. The safety of this block has been questioned following several case reports of potentially serious complications. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all the incidents related to the conduct of this block in our institution over a period of 53 months. RESULTS: A total of 3909 circumcisions were performed under DPNB and nine incidents were recorded. This included two cases of bleeding from the prepuce, two urethral injuries, three haematomas and two drug errors. Two cases required further surgical intervention but all of the patients recovered with no apparent long-term sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: We feel that the DPNB is a safe technique for circumcisions in infants and children.     

超声引导下区域神经阻滞在经皮肾镜碎石术后镇痛的研究进展

接受经皮肾镜碎石术的患者通常伴有中至重度的术后疼痛。超声引导下区域神经阻滞是一种安全有效的镇痛策略,在经皮肾镜碎石术中展现出了良好的应用前景,能够促进早期活动,加速术后康复。近年来,不同的区域神经阻滞方法相继报道,为经皮肾镜碎石术后疼痛控制提供了更多选择。本文就经皮肾镜碎石术后疼痛来源、不同神经阻滞的操作方法、应用效果和局限性进行综述,为临床应用提供参考。     

灌注指数评估区域神经阻滞效果的研究进展

近年来区域神经阻滞发展迅速,在围术期多模式镇痛领域起到重要作用。目前评估区域神经阻滞效果仍以主观指标为主,客观指标相对匮乏。灌注指数(PI)作为一项无创、连续的客观参数,可通过反映外周灌注及血管张力早期评估区域神经阻滞的效果。本文就PI的作用原理、影响因素、评估区域神经阻滞的机制和应用现状进行综述,探索PI评估区域神经阻滞效果的临床应用价值,为优化围术期疼痛管理提供参考。