妊娠期糖尿病危险因素的分析

目的:系统评价妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的危险因素。方法:通过检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献、pubmed等数据库,纳入有关GDM危险因素的文献。对纳入文献采用RevMan 5.2统计软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入文献30篇,共126374例。乙肝表面抗原(HbsAg)阳性(合并OR为2.11,95%CI为1.52~2.93)、多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)(合并OR为7.48,95%CI为2.80~19.96)、不良孕产史(合并OR为2.25,95%CI为1.86~2.72)、年龄(合并OR为2.36,95%CI为1.67~3.34)、孕前超重或肥胖(孕前BMI24kg/m2)(合并OR为4.86,95%CI为3.04~7.79)、糖尿病家族史(合并OR为5.34,95%CI为3.77~7.57)均为GDM的可能危险因素;文化程度合并结果无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HbsAg阳性、PCOS、不良孕产史、年龄(≥25岁)、超重或肥胖、糖尿病家族史均为GDM危险因素。     

妊娠期糖尿病与妊娠高血压综合征相关因素的探讨

目的 :探讨妊娠糖尿病 (GDM)与妊娠高血压综合征 (妊高征 ,PIH)的相关因素。方法 :将 16 1例 GDM分为三组 ,GDM合并 PIH的 39例中 ,2 3例合并轻度 PIH分为 组 ;16例 GDM合并中、重度妊高征者为 组 ;12 2例单纯GDM为 组。结果 :1 组孕期体重增加值大于其余两组 (P=0 .0 2 8,P=0 .0 33)。 组有高血压家族史者明显高于 组(P=0 .0 0 7)。 2 组肾功能改变、眼底改变、血粘度、外周血管阻力异常发生率高于 组 (P=0 .0 0 4 ,0 .0 0 6 ,0 .0 0 5 ,0 .0 0 3)。孕 2 4～ 2 8周的平均动脉压 (MAP) 组比 、 组均高 (P=0 .0 0 9,P=0 .0 0 5 )。 3孕期血糖控制满意率 组远低于其他两组 (P=0 .0 0 1,P=0 .0 0 2 )。结论 :高血压家族史及孕期体重异常增加、孕中期 MAP升高、血粘度增加和外周血管阻力增高及孕期血糖控制不满意均为 GDM合并 PIH的高危因素     

妊娠期糖尿病发病相关因素的研究进展

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是妊娠期的常见病多发病,是指妊娠期间首次发生或发现的不同程度的葡萄糖代谢异常,严重影响着母亲和胎儿的健康。目前GDM的发病机制及危险因素尚未完全明了。现就目前GDM发病的相关因素,如遗传相关因素、系统相关因素和分子水平因素,以及其保护因素的研究情况作一概述。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者远期发生糖尿病的相关因素

妊娠期糖尿病（ｇｅｓｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｄｉａｂｅｔｅｓｍｅｌｉｔｕｓＧＤＭ）系指在妊娠期首次发现或发生的糖代谢异常［１］。其发生率为１％～５％［２］。ＧＤＭ可增加围产期死亡率和新生儿多种并发症。２５％的ＧＤＭ患者在远期发生显性糖尿病［３］，产后２０年内...     

妊娠期糖尿病发病相关因素的研究进展

妊娠期糖尿病对母儿有较大危害,近年来有明显的增高趋势。目前关于妊娠期糖尿病的遗传因素的研究越来越多,众多基因位点的单核甘酸的多态性被证实与妊娠期糖尿病遗传易感性相关,其中人类主要组织相容性复合体-Ⅱ类基因、半胱氨酸蛋白酶10基因、芳烃受体核转位蛋白3基因等可能与妊娠期糖尿病发病有关,而乙型肝炎病毒、空气污染、辅助生殖技术等也可能影响妊娠期糖尿病的发生。     

维生素D不足与妊娠期糖尿病的Meta分析

目的:探讨维生素D不足与妊娠期糖尿病的关系。方法:检索PubMed、Co-chrane图书馆、CNKI、CBM、万方资源数据库,纳入以妊娠期糖尿病和健康妊娠人群为对象,以维生素D不足的发病率及血25(OH)D3水平为主要研究指标的病例对照研究或横断面研究,质量评价后进行Meta分析。应用Review Manager5.0软件对主要数据进行合并分析。结果:共纳入13篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,妊娠期糖尿病人群维生素D不足的发生率显著高于健康妊娠人群(OR=1.32,95%CI 1.03～1.69,Z=2.18,P=0.03);妊娠期糖尿病患者维生素D水平显著低于健康妊娠人群(MD=-6.83nmol/L,95%CI(-8.62,-5.04),Z=7.49,P<0.00001)。结论:维生素D不足与妊娠期糖尿病的发生可能具有相关性。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者发病的危险因素分析

目的:探讨孕妇发生妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的高危因素。方法:选取2022年1月至2022年10月于杭州市妇产科医院分娩的孕妇150例,其中GDM孕妇75例(GDM组),健康孕妇75例(健康对照组)。收集所有研究对象的临床资料及血常规结果,采用logistic回归分析GDM发病的高危因素。结果:GDM组的孕前体重、分娩前体重、基础BMI、分娩前BMI高于健康对照组,身高低于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GDM组孕妇的中性粒细胞百分比、红细胞计数、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、C-反应蛋白高于健康对照组,而嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、血小板与中性粒细胞比值(PNR)低于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析发现,嗜酸性粒细胞百分比低是GDM发生的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(OR=2.285,P<0.05)。结论:血嗜酸性粒细胞百分比低是GDM发病的高危因素,对于产检发现有指标异常的人群需重点关注。     

妊娠期糖尿病并发脂代谢紊乱的危险因素

目的:分析妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)并发脂代谢紊乱的危险因素.方法:回顾分析合肥市第三人民医院妇产科2016年2月～2018年5月收治的300例GDM患者的资料,统计脂代谢紊乱发生率和妊娠结局,分析发生脂代谢紊乱的危险因素.结果:脂代谢紊乱发生率为25.33％(76/300).GDM并发脂代谢紊乱组的母体、围产儿不良妊娠结...     

妊娠期糖尿病症状群及其影响因素研究

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者症状群构成及其影响因素。方法 采用随机抽样法选取122例GDM患者,统计临床资料并分析其发生的影响因素。结果 GDM患者孕期发生频率最高的6个症状分别为小便频多、多食易饥、口渴喜饮、倦怠乏力、头晕、皮肤瘙痒;症状群主要为代谢症状群、皮肤症状群、神经精神症状群;经多因素分析发现,血糖指标异常≥2项、饮食、运动、血糖自我监测管理能力低下均是导致GDM患者发生代谢症状群的影响因素,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 GDM患者存在多种症状群,临床可从症状群角度对患者进行预防干预,进而改善其妊娠结局。     

妊娠期糖尿病

妊娠期糖尿病郭彩霞王山米妊娠期糖尿病是指在妊娠期才出现或发现的糖尿病。其发生率因种族不同和诊断标准的不统一，各国报道相差悬殊，一般认为其发生率约占孕妇的１％～５％［１～３］。妊娠期糖尿病与妊娠前已患糖尿病即糖尿病合并妊娠，这两个概念是有区别的。１９７...     

Risk factors of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism after pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective: In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) abnormal glucose metabolism normalizes soon after delivery. However, the history of GDM predisposes to carbohydrate intolerance in the future. The aim of the study was to explore risk factors and to evaluate risk of glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus in women with a history of GDM. Methods: 155 patients entered this case-control study. Participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria: a history of GDM, perinatal care in the study center. Medical and family history and laboratory findings were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Results: 18.1% of patients presented impaired fasting glucose during the study, 20% presented impaired glucose tolerance and 23.2% presented diabetes mellitus. Gestational age at diagnosis of GDM, the results of OGTT during pregnancy, serum HbA1c concentration at 2nd and 3rd trimester, serum fructosamine concentration, symptoms of diabetic fetopathy in the neonate, the need for insulin therapy after delivery, maternal age at diagnosis of GDM and maternal body mass index before pregnancy were the significant risk factors of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes in the future. Conclusion: GDM increases the risk of diabetes mellitus. Several risk factors of impaired carbohydrate metabolism can be distinguished in patients with a history of GDM.     

Analysis of risk factors related to gestational diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveWith the rapid rising prevalence, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has become one of the leading causes of maternal and child mortality and morbidity worldwide. The present study aimed to analyze GDM-related risk factors for early intervention.Materials and methodsFrom January to June 2018, a total of 250 pregnant women from Chengdu Second People's Hospital were enrolled in the study. According to the diagnostic criteria for GDM, they were assigned into GDM group (n = 48) and non-GDM group (n = 202). The clinical data and biochemical indicators were compared between GDM group and non-GDM group, and Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of GDM.ResultsGDM group was significantly higher than non-GDM group in the age, pregnancy times, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, history of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives, incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and the positive rate of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) (P < 0.05), whereas was conspicuously lower than non-GDM group in the education level above junior college (P < 0.05). The results of Logistic regression analysis revealed that the age [odds ratios (OR) = 1.125, 95% confidential interval (CI) = 1.019–1.241, P = 0.020], pre-pregnancy BMI (OR = 1.280, 95%CI = 1.118–1.466, P < 0.001), history of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives (OR = 4.938, 95%CI = 1.418–17.196, P = 0.012) and TPOAb (+) (OR = 4.849, 95%CI = 1.742–13.501, P = 0.003) were the risk factors of GDM.ConclusionsAdvanced age, pre-pregnancy BMI overweight, history of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives and TPOAb (+) are associated with an increased risk of GDM.     

妊娠期糖尿病危险因素的Logistic回归模型初探

目的:新诊断标准下,调查分析妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的相关因素,建立临床评分体系,初步构建GDM危险因素Logistic回归模型。方法:按2010年国际妊娠合并糖尿病研究组织(IADPSG)推荐的GDM的新诊断标准,通过病例-对照研究分析GDM发生的影响因素,建立Logistic回归模型,采用接受者工作特征曲线(ROC)和Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验评价模型。结果:妊娠年龄、孕前体重指数(BMI)、孕期补铁、糖尿病(DM)家族史、多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)史、孕期锻炼6项因素进入回归模型。当累积分值达到6.3分时,Youden指数最大,为0.640,此时灵敏度为83.4%,特异度为80.6%,阳性预测值为81.0%,阴性预测值为83.1%,诊断准确度为82.0%。ROC曲线下面积为0.875。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验P=0.91。结论:妊娠年龄、孕前BMI、孕期补铁、糖尿病家族史、PCOS是GDM发生的危险因素,而孕期锻炼是GDM的保护因素,初步构建了一种简便易行且具有较高诊断效能的回归模型。     

昆明地区妊娠期糖尿病发生的母亲人口统计学和社会危险因素

目的:调查中国昆明地区妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇的人口统计学和社会危险因素。方法:对2004年1月至2009年12月期间在昆明一所三甲教学医院和两家民营医院接受75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)的8538例单胎孕妇进行前瞻性研究。结果:研究期间该地区GDM的总体发生率为12.5%(IGT 11.7%,GDM 0.8%);孕妇受教育程度最高组(硕士及以上)GDM的发生率最高(16.4%),显著高于大学大专组(16.4%vs12.8%,P=0.036)、高中中专组(16.4%vs 12.4%,P=0.028)和初中及以下组(16.4%vs 10.9%,P=0.002)。多元Logistic回归显示孕妇年龄(OR=1.61,95%CI 1.42～1.83,P=0.000),OGTT时体重指数(OR=1.15,95%CI 1.11～1.20,P=0.000),一级亲属糖尿病(DM)家族史(OR=1.96,95%CI 1.45～2.64,P=0.000),受教育程度(OR=1.16,95%CI 1.02～1.35,P=0.047)是发生GDM的独立危险因素。结论:昆明地区研究期间妊娠期糖代谢异常的发生率和高危因素与国外和香港的报道相似,受教育程度作为独立的危险因素在一定程度上反映了中国社会经济方面的变化。     

妊娠期糖尿病的筛查

目的 对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)筛查的必要性、适宜时间、临界值及巨大儿的发生进行探讨。方法 回顾性分析1997年10月至1999年9月在北京协和医院行产前检查及分娩的1935例初产妇,孕1～4次。结果 妊娠期糖耐量低减(IGT)及GDM的发生率在孕24周以后无差异。OGT异常者分娩巨大儿较葡萄糖负荷试验(OGT)正常者高。50g糖筛查值在7.8～8.3mmol/L(140～149 mg/dl)的159例孕妇,只有2例诊为IGT,无一例为GDM。结论 在孕24周以后尽可能早地对孕妇进行50g糖筛查是必要的。对于OGT异常者应予以重视,对IGT及GDM者应积极控制血糖。对于高危人群必要时重复筛查。     

妊娠糖尿病胰岛素治疗与围生儿预后

目的 探讨在妊娠糖尿病（GDM）治疗中胰岛素、饮食以及开始治疗时间早晚对围生儿预后的影响。方法 选择诊断为妊娠糖尿病者109例，其中采用饮食加胰岛素治疗22例，单纯饮食控制组低于应用胰岛素组，差异显著（P＜0.05）。围生儿结局显示：巨大儿发生率、红细胞增多症发生率三组为34周后饮食控制组＞34周前饮食控制组＞胰岛素治疗组。结论 GDM要早诊断、早治疗，尤其是应用胰岛素正规治疗对降低围生儿病率、巨大发生率以及控制孕妇血糖水平有重要意义。     

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in adolescent pregnancies

Objective: Our purpose was to determine the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in an adolescent population and to determine the cost of screening. Study Design: A retrospective review of 509 adolescent pregnancies was performed. The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus was determined and the cost of screening analyzed. Results: Five hundred nine adolescent pregnancies were screened for gestational diabetes mellitus with a 1-hour, 50 gm oral glucose challenge test. Twenty-three of the screens (4.5%) had positive results at a plasma glucose level of ≥140 mg/dl. Three-hour 100 gm oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on screen-positive women, six of whom were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, for an incidence of 1.18%. The cost per case diagnosed was $2733. Conclusions: The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in an adolescent population is low. The cost of universal screening may be prohibitive in this population. Large prospective studies are needed to better analyze outcome data and efficacy of screening in adolescent pregnancies. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:1251-6.)     

Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE: Adiponectin is an adipocyte-specific protein that has been found to be associated with insulin sensitivity and obesity. Because gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and decreased insulin sensitivity, we have analyzed plasma adiponectin levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 21 unaffected women were included in the study. Plasma adiponectin levels were analyzed with the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus were significantly older (34.3 years vs 29.4 years; P < .001) than unaffected women. Adiponectin plasma levels were significantly lower in women with gestational diabetes mellitus when compared with women without gestational diabetes mellitus (5827 +/- 1988 ng/mL vs 8085 +/- 3816 ng/mL; P = .02). Adiponectin plasma levels were correlated negatively with plasma glucose concentrations of the oral glucose tolerance test ( r > -0.38; P < .04) and correlated positively with gestational age ( r = 0.36; P = .03). CONCLUSION: Our data show that decreased plasma adiponectin levels were found in women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared with unaffected women.