血清性激素含量与体外受精-胚胎移植结局的关系分析

目的 探讨在控制性超排卵中血清性激素变化与妊娠结局的关系。方法 随机选择兰州大学第一医院辅助生殖医学中心2003—2004已接受试管婴儿技术治疗，采用黄体期长方案进行控制性超排卵临床妊娠病例147例，未妊娠140例，分析比较组间各项观察指标。结果 两组间患者降调节时间、促性腺激素（Gn）总量、募集卵泡数、获卵数、MII卵数差异均有显著性（P〈0．05），HCG注射日血清孕酮（P）值、血清雌二醇／孕酮（E2／P）比值差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRH—a，达菲林）用量、Gn天数差异无显著性（P〉0．05），降调节后血清黄体生成素（LH）、HCG注射日血清E2、取卵日血清E2、胚胎移植日血清催乳激素（PRL）水平差异无显著性（P〉0、05）。结论 在控制性超排卵治疗中，观察调控血清性激素含量至关重要。HCG注射日血清P值、E2／P比值是预测助孕结局的重要指标，血清E2／P值在1．32—6．11，血清P值在0．637—1.645μg/L时，临床妊娠率增加。     

长效与短效促性腺激素释放激素激动剂用于超促排卵周期降调节的探讨

目的 :探讨长效与短效促性腺激素释放激素激动剂 (GnRH a)在体外受精 -胚胎移植(IVF ET)超促排卵降调节中的差异。方法 :将 5 1个IVF ET周期患者分为A、B两组均行长方案控制超促排卵 ,A组 2 6例应用长效GnRH a 1.875mg降调节 ,B组 2 5例应用短效GnRH a 0 .0 5mg降调节。结果 :A组rFSH用量及用药时间显著大于B组 ,(P <0 .0 5 )。两组周期第 3天内分泌水平、获卵数、卵裂率、受精率、临床妊娠率差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :在超排卵周期降调节中长效GnRH a较短效GnRH a对卵巢抑制更深且rFSH用量及用药时间更多。     

长效促性腺激素释放激素激动剂用于体外受精-胚胎移植中降调节后延迟卵巢启动时间的探讨

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中应用半量长效促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa)降调节后,延迟超促排卵(COH)启动时间对实验室和临床结局等的影响。方法:将IVF中207个周期分为3组,使用不同剂型的GnRHa和COH的启动时间。结果:常规组的取消周期数最多(P<0.01)。COH启动日,延迟组和对照组之间E2、LH水平高于常规组(P均<0.01)。HCG注射日,对照组的E2水平最高;延迟组和对照组中LH水平高于常规组(P均<0.01),刺激天数和Gn用量少于常规组(P均<0.005);获卵数、受精率、可移植胚胎数、临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率和MⅡ期卵子高于常规组(P均<0.05)。结论:延迟COH启动时间可减少卵巢刺激时间、Gn用量,增加获卵数、成熟卵子数,可移植胚胎数和胚胎种植率,提高IVF的妊娠率。     

应用不同剂量长效GnRHa(达菲林)降调节的临床效果分析

目的:探讨IVF中GnRHa(达菲林)降调节的合适剂量。方法:回顾性分析采用黄体期长方案进行控制性超排卵临床妊娠病例147例,根据所用达菲林的剂量分为4组,分别为A组0.93-1.12mg(31例)、B组1.31mg(30例)、C组1.50mg(50例)和D组1.69-1.87mg(36例),比较各组间的治疗指标。结果:各组间垂体降调节时间、促性腺激素(Gn)使用时间、降调节后给予Gn前血清LH、取卵日血清P、ET日血清PRL水平均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。各组患者年龄、使用Gn总量、hCG注射日血清E2、取卵日血清E2、募集卵泡数、获卵数、MII卵数均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:应根据患者的卵巢基础状态给予不同剂量的GnRHa行垂体降调节;高龄妇女及卵巢储备功能较差的患者,进行辅助生殖治疗中,长效GnRHa0.93mg(1/4支)已可达到控制性超排卵的垂体调节和抑制LH峰早现的作用。     

降调节联合人工周期方案在冻融胚胎移植周期中的应用

目的:探讨降调节联合人工周期方案对冻融胚胎移植助孕周期临床妊娠结局的影响。方法:收集到行冻融胚胎移植助孕治疗的297个周期,按不同内膜准备方案分组,133例降调节联合人工周期为降调节组,164例行单纯人工周期为人工周期组进行比较分析,同时对部分2种方案均实施过的同一患者进行自身对照分析,并对影响降调节联合人工周期的妊娠结局进行多因素回归分析。结果:患者的年龄、不孕年限、基础FSH、体质量指数(BMI)、内膜厚度、移植胚胎数、优质胚胎数、优质胚胎率、多胎率、异位妊娠率、早期流产率组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。降调节组的临床妊娠率、胚胎着床率分别为42.11%(56/133)、24.32%(81/333),显著高于人工周期组的29.88%(49/164)、13.83%(52/376),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。自身对照分析显示患者的内膜厚度、优质胚胎率均无统计学差异(P>0.05),但降调节联合人工周期的临床妊娠率[52.17%(24/46)]显著高于单纯人工周期的[13.04%(6/46)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。另外,Logistic回归分析显示,优质胚胎数、手术史可影响妊娠结局。结论:在临床上,对于既往有盆腔手术史、多次冻融周期助孕失败史的患者,可试行降调节联合人工周期方案进行助孕。     

标准剂量和半量缓释型达必佳在体外受精-胚胎移植中治疗效果的比较

目的 :探索一种在体外受精 -胚胎移植 ( IVF-ET)超排卵方案中既能使垂体降调节又不至于过度抑制卵巢功能的达必佳有效剂量。方法 :比较 2 4位接受 IVF-ET助孕者的治疗效果 ,一组 1 4例( A组 )皮下注射半支 ( 1 .88mg)达必佳缓释型 ;一组 1 0例 ( B组 )接受缓释型达必佳标准剂量 3 .75mg/支。结果 :B组在使用促性腺激素 ( Gn)前及绒毛膜促性腺激素 ( h CG)注射日的黄体生成素( LH)水平明显低于 A组 ( 1 .1 6± 0 .45 IU/L vs 2 .3 8± 0 .79IU/L,P<0 .0 1 ;0 .84± 0 .60 IU/L vs2 .1 4± 0 .71 IU/L,P<0 .0 1 )。 Gn用量及用药时间大于 A组 ( 4 0 .9± 1 2 .7支 vs 3 0 .9± 4.2支 ,P<0 .0 5 ;1 4.2± 3 .0 d vs 1 1 .4± 1 .6d,P<0 .0 1 ) ,二组的 h CG注射日雌二醇 ( E2 )水平、获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、妊娠率均无统计学差异 ( P>0 .0 5 )。二组均无内源性 LH峰出现。结论 :半量达必佳能获得与全量达必佳相同的治疗结果、且能减少 Gn用量及缩短疗程     

小剂量GnRHa在IVF-ET促超排卵中的探讨

目的:探讨在体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)超排卵方案中GnRHa降调节的最低有效剂量。方法:回顾分析采用长方案的148个IVF周期,分为1/2剂量组(A组)42例,每日皮下注射短效曲普瑞林1/2支(0.05mg/d);1/3剂量组(B组)44例,一次性皮下注射曲普瑞林缓释型1.25mg;小剂量组(C组)62例,每日皮下注射短效曲普瑞林1/2支(0.05mg/d)至月经来潮d3减量至1/4支(0.025mg/d),比较其治疗效果。结果:C组促性腺激素(Gn)用量、用药时间明显少于A组(P<0.05)和B组(P<0.01),hCG注射日血LH水平明显高于其他两组(P<0.05)。三组降调后E2、hCG注射日E2水平、受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。三组均无内源性LH峰出现。结论:小剂量短效GnRHa的应用能减少Gn用量及缩短疗程,且不影响IVF结局,与缓释型GnRHa制剂相比还有能灵活调整使用剂量的优点。     

长方案垂体降调节对体外受精-胚胎移植结果的影响

目的:探讨长方案达到垂体降调节的时间长短是否会对控制性超促排卵(COH)和体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的结果产生影响。方法:回顾性分析568个用长方案进行控制性超促排卵的IVF-ET周期,根据达到垂体降调节标准的时间长短分组:A组,14d达到降调节标准,419个周期;B组,14d达到降调节标准,149个周期,比较组间的促排卵情况及IVF-ET结果。结果:Gn用量、Gn用药天数、获卵数、注射hCG日子宫内膜厚度组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05),移植胚胎数、可移植胚胎数、种植率组间也均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。妊娠率A组略高于B组,但无统计学差异。A组降调后E2明显低于B组(P<0.05),受精率明显高于B组(P<0.05)。结论:长方案达到垂体降调节所需时间长短不影响COH结果及临床妊娠率,但较早达到降调节者临床妊娠率有增高趋势。     

两种剂量达必佳在体外受精-胚胎移植中治疗效果的比较

目的:探讨在体外受精- 胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中达必佳的最适剂量。方法:　将接受IVF-ET助孕,采用长方案的患者84例随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组44例,每日皮下注射达必佳1/3支(0.03　mg),对照组40 例,每日皮下注射达必佳1 支(0.1　mg),比较其治疗效果。结果:　观察组促性腺激素(Gn)用量明显少于对照组　(27.5±4.5支vs　36.6±7.5支,P　<0.05);Gn用药时间少于对照组(9.10±2.52　d　vs　11.67±3.31　d),但无统计学意义;使用Gn前及hCG注射日血LH水平明显高于对照组(3.89±0.41　IU/L　vs　1.25±0.32　IU/L,P　<0.001;3.27±0.98IU/L　vs　1.01±0.21　IU/L,　P　<0.001),而使用Gn前血E2水平、hCG注射日的血P、E2水平、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎率、妊娠率两组间均无显著性差异。两组均无内源性LH峰出现。结论:1/3剂量达必佳即可达到降调节的作用,且能减少Gn的用量,获得与标准剂量达必佳相同的临床效果。     

促性腺激素释放激素激动剂对重度子宫内膜异位症患者行体外受精-胚胎移植结果的影响

子宫内膜异位症(内异症)是育龄妇女的常见病，50％的患者合并不孕。体外受精一胚胎移植(IVF-ET)已成为内异症并发难治性不孕的主要治疗方法。促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)治疗内异症及其相关症状的疗效，临床也已肯定。本研究探讨内异症患者行IVF-ET前予GnRH-a治疗，对IVF-ET效果的影响。     

长、短效GnRH激动剂在控制性超排卵长方案中应用效果比较

目的通过比较短、长效两种GnRH激动剂（gonadropin releasing hormone agonist,GnRH-a）在控制性超排卵长方案中应用效果,探讨同一种药物不同剂型对体外受精-胚胎移植（in vitro fertilization andembryo transfer,IVF-ET）临床结局的影响。方法对使用长方案超排卵实施IVF-ET治疗的患者,根据使用不同剂型的GnRH激动剂,随机分成GnRH-a短效组及长效组。对两组间垂体降调节效果、促排卵过程中激素水平、促性腺激素（Gn）使用剂量、时间及IVF-ET结局进行比较。结果GnRH-a短效组与长效组相比,Gn使用天数及总剂量降低,分别为[（8.58±1.45）d,（10.17±1.4）d]和[（29.52±12.22）支,（38.83±10.95）支],差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.000 1）;短效组HCG日LH水平明显高于长效组,分别为[（2.56±1.71）U/L,（1.34±1.03）U/L,P〈0.000 1];取卵个数低于长效组[（14.68±7.44）个,（19.46±10.60）个,P〈0.005];两组间临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率及流产率,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,持续妊娠率在短效组明显高于长效组（52.08%,34.21%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在控制性超排卵长方案中应用短、长效GnRH激动剂对垂体均有满意的降调节效果,但长效GnRH-a可能对垂体产生过度抑制,导致Gn的用量增加,在超促排卵过程中LH水平过低,持续妊娠率降低。     

改良GnRH-a长方案在控制性促排卵中的应用

目的探讨改良GnRH—a/FSH/hMG联合长方案在控制性促排卵中的应用以及国产阿拉瑞林在此方案中的使用。方法以回顾性分析的方法对174例改良GnRH-a长方案和48例超短方案控制性促排卵的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 改良GnRH—a/FSH/hMG联合长方案在FSH/hMG用药天数、用药量、取卵数、移植数、冻存胚胎数、hCG丑内膜厚度、临床妊娠率、种植率、流产率、OHSS发生率等方面与短方案组相比差异均无显著性(P>0.05),其中流产率明显低于超短方案组。结论改良国产阿拉瑞林/FSH/hMG联合长方案是一种简单、经济、有效的控制性促排卵方案,值得在IVF—ET周期中推广。     

长方案控制性促排卵过程中晚卵泡期孕酮变化趋势对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的:探讨在控制性卵巢刺激(COS)周期中晚卵泡期孕酮(P)水平变化趋势对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)结局的影响。方法:回顾分析2013年1月至2014年6月在我中心行IVF-ET长方案助孕治疗的676个周期。按促排卵中晚卵泡期起始日(主导卵泡直径达13mm日)与人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)注射日孕酮水平变化,分为升高趋势组和降低趋势组;按HCG日孕酮水平是否1.0ng/ml将升高趋势组和降低趋势组中新鲜移植周期分别分为A组(P≤1ng/ml)、B组(P1ng/ml)和C组(P≤1ng/ml)、D组(P1ng/ml)。结果:(1)升高趋势组与降低趋势组的卵裂率、优质胚胎率比较,差异有统计学意义(99.65%vs 99.00%,70.57%vs 63.09%;P0.05);(2)A组与B组的临床妊娠率、活产率比较,差异有统计学意义(56%vs 43.00%;50%vs 37.76%,P0.05);C组与D组的临床妊娠率、活产率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:IVF-ET长方案周期中,COS过程中孕酮变化呈升高趋势的优质胚胎率较降低趋势高;新鲜移植周期,P呈升高趋势时,HCG日P1.0ng/ml,活产率下降;呈降低趋势时,HCG日P水平不影响活产率。     

The use of long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a; decapeptyl) and gonadotropins versus short-acting GnRH-a (Buserelin) and gonadotropins before and during ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF)

The efficiency of two ovarian stimulation protocols using different gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) for in vitro fertilization (IVF) was examined and compared with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)-only stimulation. Fifty-four patients who had 57 aspiration cycles were treated with protocol 1, which consisted of long-acting GnRH-a D-Trp⁶ (Decapeptyl Depot) and hMG. Protocol 2 entailed intranasal administration of short-acting GnRH-a (Buserelin) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) in 66 women, who underwent 70 aspiration cycles. Fifty-five patients who had 59 ovum pickups (OPU) treated with hMG only served as a control. No differences were observed in cycle parameters and hormonal concentrations among the three groups. The total clinical pregnancy rates per OPU for patients receiving protocols 1 and 2 were 12.3 and 27.1%, respectively (P<0.05). The pregnancy loss was significantly lower in protocol 2 than in protocol 1 (26.3 versus 71.4%;P<0.05). Our data show superiority of short-acting GnRH-a over the long-acting agents in achievement of pregnancy and its outcome, though neither was significantly different from the hMG-only protocol.     

CLINICAL ASSISTED REPRODUCTION: Determination of the Efficiency of Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation in the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist-Suppression Cycle Using the Initial Follicle Count During Gonadotropin Stimulation

Purpose: Our purpose was to evaluate the relationship between the initial follicle count during gonadotropin stimulation after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist suppression and the efficiency of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in patients receiving treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs).Methods: A total of 338 COH procedures in 291 couples was performed with cycles that reached the stage of oocyte retrieval. The ovarian antral follicle number was measured using transvaginal ultrasonography at the folliculometry during gonadotropin stimulation by GnRH agonist suppression in patients undergoing ARTs. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was accomplished using GnRH agonist down-regulation combined with FSH and menotropin stimulation. The characteristics of oocytes after retrieval and embryos after in vitro culture and the pregnancy rates were assessed.Results: The procedures performed included 195 ET cycles, 129 TET cycles, and 14 incomplete cycles. The treatment cycles were divided into four categories according to the antral follicle number (i.e., 5, 6–10, 11–15, and 16) at the first folliculometry to evaluate the influence of various factors. The antral follicle count correlated significantly with the patient age, dosage of gonadotropins, serum estradiol concentration, number of antral follicles (13 mm) while receiving hCG injections, number of oocytes retrieved, and, later, number of embryos transferred. There was a trend toward an increasing number of pregnancies per cycle as the number of antral follicles increased (14.7, 26.5, 44, and 45%, respectively).Conclusions: We were able to predict the efficiency of COH and outcome of ARTs based on the follicle count during the first folliculometry during gonadotropin stimulation after GnRH agonist suppression. The results of the folliculometry significantly predicted the ovarian response to COH and the outcome of ARTs in the current treatment cycle.     

Prolonging GnRH-agonist to achieve ovarian suppression does not compromise the results of a long protocol

Objectives

In the long gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) protocols, stimulation is delayed until complete pituitary-ovarian suppression has been achieved, which usually takes a minimum of 10 days. In women who do not achieve timely suppression we set out to evaluate if prolonging GnRHa affects the results of the IVF process.

Study design

We analyzed cycle and pregnancy outcome in 506 consecutive women undergoing IVF-ET after a standardized long GnRHa protocol, according to the time required to achieve ovarian suppression (i.e. estradiol < 40 pg/mL and no follicle >6 mm at ultrasound).

Results

Suppression was obtained after 14 GnRHa days in 383 (75.70%) women (Group 1) and 123 (24.30%) women (Group 2) required a mean ± SD (range) of 10 ± 4 (7-28) additional days to achieve complete suppression. Both groups were comparable for baseline clinical and biological characteristics. The rate of cancelled cycles due to poor ovarian response, the number of the oocytes retrieved, fertilization rates, the number and quality of the embryos cultured and transferred were similar in both groups, as well as the pregnancy, implantation and live birth rates. In Group 2, receiver-operator characteristics analysis showed that the probability of pregnancy was not related to the duration of GnRHa treatment.

Conclusions

In a standardized long GnRHa protocol, prolonging desensitization to achieve complete ovarian suppression does not affect the outcome.     

小剂量达必佳用于体外受精-胚胎移植卵巢反应欠佳患者的临床研究

目的:探讨小剂量达必佳在体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)卵巢反应欠佳患者中的应用效果。方法:选择接受IVF-ET治疗应用常规长方案促排卵获卵数4~6个,因治疗失败,3月后进行第2次IVF助孕的患者62例,第1个治疗周期每日皮下注射达必佳1支(0.1mg),第2治疗周期达必佳用量为每日1/3支(0.03mg),自身对照比较促性腺激素(Gn)用量、获卵数、受精卵数、冷冻胚胎数。结果:第2周期Gn用量明显少于第1周期(38.46±10.13支vs 44.50±13.10支,P<0.05);使用Gn前血黄体生成素(LH)水平高于第1周期(2.89±0.41IU/L vs 1.20±0.31IU/L,P<0.001);绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)注射日血LH、雌二醇(E2)水平高于第1周期(3.39±0.98IU/L vs 1.25±0.29IU/L,P<0.001;6032.11±1011.3pmol/L vs 4299.81±1122.40pmol/L,P<0.05);获卵数多于第1周期(6.7±0.32个vs 5.0±0.68个,P<0.05);受精卵数多于第1周期(4.9±0.85个vs 3.49±0.35个,P<0.05);冷冻胚胎数多于第1周期(2.1±0.42个vs 0.97±0.65个,P<0.05);而Gn用药时间、降调节后血E2、HCG注射日血孕酮(P)、优质胚胎率等在2个治疗周期间无统计学差异,62例患者第2个IVF周期21例妊娠。结论:对卵巢反应欠佳患者应用1/3剂量达必佳即可达到降调节的效果,且在减少Gn用量的同时,获得满意的妊娠效果。     

Clinical outcome of using ganirelix acetate versus a 4-day follicular phase leuprolide acetate protocol in unselected women undergoing in vitro fertilization

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in unselected patients undergoing IVF using multidose ganirelix acetate versus 4 days of administration of leuprolide acetate. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A fertility and IVF center. PATIENT(S): Two hundred forty-seven women who underwent COH-IVF between April 1, 1999, and January 30, 2001. INTERVENTION(S): Pituitary suppression according to a 4-day follicular phase leuprolide acetate protocol (236 women) or a multidose ganirelix acetate regimen (133 women). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Amount of gonadotropin used, days of stimulation, cancellation rate, number of oocytes retrieved, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate. RESULT(S): Compared with leuprolide acetate recipients, ganirelix recipients required significantly less gonadotropin and the mean day of hCG administration was 4 days earlier. Among women younger than 35 years of age, the implantation rate (15% vs. 6%) and the clinical pregnancy rate per initiated and transferred cycle (27% vs. 12% and 32% vs. 15%, respectively) were significantly higher in the ganirelix group than the leuprolide acetate group. CONCLUSION(S): Compared with a 4-day leuprolide acetate protocol, COH-IVF using a multidose ganirelix acetate protocol reduces treatment duration and amount of gonadotropin used. In younger women, the latter protocol is associated with significantly better pregnancy and implantation rates.