妊娠期甲状腺功能异常的药物治疗

妊娠期甲状腺功能异常包括妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)及甲状腺功能减退症(甲减).     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇甲状腺功能减退的临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者甲状腺功能减退(甲减)的情况,以及GDM并发甲减对妊娠结局的影响。方法:(1)根据75g糖耐量试验结果,将2011年9月至2013年3月在产科门诊常规产检的妊娠中期妇女分为GDM组(244例)及对照组(674例)。比较两组患者的甲状腺功能;(2)将2011年9月至2013年3月收入院的妊娠晚期GDM患者分为单纯GDM组(Ⅰ组,370例)、GDM并发甲减组(Ⅱ组,79例),回顾分析两组患者的妊娠结局。结果:(1)与对照组相比,妊娠中期GDM组患者的低甲状腺素血症发生率较高(P0.05),血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)显著降低(P0.01)。两组妇女的促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)无显著差异,但TPOAb阳性的妊娠妇女TSH平均值高于正常值上限,且显著高于TPOAb阴性妇女(P0.05);(2)GDM并发甲减组的子痫前期、巨大儿、剖宫产发生率均显著高于单纯GDM组(P0.05)。结论:GDM妊娠妇女更易引发甲减,且GDM并发甲减将进一步加重不良妊娠结局。     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

目的 探讨甲状腺功能减退症(简称甲减)及亚临床甲减对孕产妇妊娠结局及围产儿的影响.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年3月在北京协和医院妊娠合并甲减(57例)或亚临床甲减(20例)分娩孕妇77例,随机选取同期分娩的正常孕妇79例作为对照,分析三组孕妇的一般临床资料、产时产后并发症及嗣产儿结局.结果 3年间我院妊娠合并甲减的患病率为0.74%,合并亚临床甲减的患病率为0.26%,凡呈逐年升高趋势.妊娠合并甲减组新生儿平均出生体重低于对照组[(3191.8±659.4)g和(3301.9±423.1)g,P<0.05],妊娠期糖代谢异常发生率(24.6%)及小于胎龄儿的发生率(12.3%)均高于对照组(分别为11.4 %和2.5%)(P<0.05).妊娠合并亚临床甲减组各项妊娠期并发症的发生率与对照组比较,均无统计学意义.结论 妊娠合并甲减及亚临床甲减的患病率逐年上升,即使经过治疗,甲减或亚临床甲减孕妇小于胎龄儿等并发症的发生几率仍增加.对高危人群早期筛查、充分治疗是改善妊娠结局的最好方法.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退26例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退（甲减）患者的围生期特征及母婴结局。方法对26例妊娠合并甲减患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并选择正常孕妇30例作为对照组,比较两组患者的妊娠结局。结果妊娠合并甲减的发病率为1.21‰（26/21 527）。26例患者中,妊娠前诊断22例,妊娠中诊断4例;并发子痫前期3例,其中轻度子痫前期2例,重度子痫前期1例;贫血5例,其中轻度贫血3例,中度贫血2例;流产1例,妊娠32周胎盘早剥致死胎1例,早产3例;新生儿阴茎缺如1例。无新生儿先天性甲减。26例患者中,21例规范治疗,5例未规范治疗;妊娠期平均左旋甲状腺素用量（43.1±40.6）ug/d;规范治疗组并发症发生率（52.3%,11/21）与未规范治疗组（4/5）比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;甲减组总并发症发生率（57.6%,15/26）与对照组（13.3%,4/30）比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论妊娠合并甲减发病率低,妊娠期动态监测甲状腺功能并规范治疗可改善母婴结局。     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进临床分析

目的 探讨甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)患者孕前及妊娠期治疗是否能减少妊娠并发症、降低胎儿丢失率及改善母要结局.方法 回顾性分析我院1995年1月至2005年12月共11年间60例妊娠合并甲亢患者孕前及妊娠期治疗及母婴结局.60例患者分为三组:甲亢病史组(Ⅰ组):19例有甲亢病史,孕期监测甲状腺功能未复发组;治疗满意组(Ⅱ组):28例曾应用抗甲状腺药物治疗,终止妊娠时甲状腺功能正常;治疗不满意组(Ⅲ组):13例孕期未系统治疗,就诊时间晚、病情重,终止妊娠时甲状腺功能异常.结果 (1)妊娠合并甲亢进入围产期的发病率为2.25‰(52/23 104),因病情严重28周前终止妊娠8例,胎儿丢失率为11.8%(8/60);(2)Ⅰ组无妊娠并发症发生;(3)Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组相比,重度子(癎)前期(53.9%和10.7%)、甲亢性心脏病(38.5%和3.6%)、胎盘早剥(23.1%和3.6%)的发生率和胎儿丢失率(46.2%和7.1%)均有显著增加(P＜0.05);(4)Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组相比,并发重度子(癎)前期的OR=9.72(95%CI:1.53-71.21)、甲亢性心脏病OR=16.88(95%CI:1.45-826.42)、胎盘早剥OR=8.1(95% CI:0.54-440.44)、胎儿丢失OR=11.14(95%CI:1.45-126.39);(5)Ⅲ组新生儿平均体重明显低于Ⅱ组和Ⅰ组[(2550±573)g和(3211±717)g、(3186±492)g,P＜0.05];(6)Ⅲ组中有一例新生儿发生甲状腺功能减退;三组均无孕妇及围产儿死亡、无新生儿畸形.结论 重视甲亢的孕前及孕期治疗,能有效降低孕期并发症、减少胎儿丢失率及改善围产期母儿结局.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症77例临床分析

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进16例临床分析

甲状腺功能亢进是较常见的内分泌系统疾病,甲亢常引起月经稀发或闭经致不孕,合并妊娠并不多见,发病率国内报道为0.2‰～1‰,国外为0.5‰～2‰。一旦妊娠则属于高危妊娠,尤其是中、重度甲亢,妊娠期存在诸多并发症,分娩时可出现甲亢危象,严重威胁母儿健康。现将我院近年诊治的妊娠合并甲亢病例加以分析,探讨其妊娠结局以及妊娠期的处理。     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能异常:子痫前期风险与防范

妊娠期甲状腺功能异常性疾病通常表现为妊娠期甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)或妊娠期甲状腺功能减退症(甲减),未经治疗的妊娠期甲状腺功能异常可导致多种母儿并发症并引起不良妊娠结局,无论是甲亢还是甲减均可增加子痫前期的发病风险,且子痫前期合并甲状腺功能异常使病情变得更为复杂,增加母儿不良预后的风险。故在孕前和孕早期对妊娠期甲状腺功能进行筛查,通过以药物为主的治疗手段使孕期甲状腺激素水平保持在正常范围,以及严密的监护等有助于降低妊娠期子痫前期的发病风险,改善子痫前期合并甲状腺功能异常患者的妊娠结局。     

妊娠剧吐致甲状腺功能亢进16例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠剧吐致甲状腺功能亢进患者的诊治情况.方法:分别测定86例妊娠剧吐、同期单胎妊娠妇女的甲状腺功能,包括游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(F13),游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)及甲状腺抗体,包括甲状腺微粒体抗体(TMA)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGA).根据测定的甲状腺功能分为妊娠剧吐甲状腺功能亢进组(Ⅰ组),妊娠剧吐甲状腺功能正常组(Ⅱ组),另选86例正常早孕期妇女为正常早孕组(Ⅲ组),3组进行临床比较.结果:86例妊娠剧吐患者中甲状腺功能亢进者16例(18.6%),其FT4显著高于正常早孕患者,FT3明显高于另两组,而TSH明显低于另两组.16例妊娠剧吐致甲状腺功能亢进患者进行短期的抗甲状腺药物治疗后,症状迅速缓解,分娩15例新生儿,新生儿甲状腺功能均正常.结论:对妊娠剧吐患者早期监测甲状腺功能,可早期确诊甲状腺功能亢进,及早治疗.     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能低减患者的临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并甲状腺功能低减(甲减)患者的围产期发病率、药物治疗剂量及母婴结局.方法 收集我院1995年1月-2006年5月收治的31例妊娠合并甲减患者的临床资料,31例患者均在产科高危门诊定期保健,每1.0～1.5个月监测1次甲状腺功能,并与内分泌科合作调整患者的左旋甲状腺素剂量.对患者的围产期保健、药物治疗量及母婴结局进行回顾性分析.结果 (1)发病率:我院近11年来妊娠合并甲减的发病率为1.27‰(31/24 327)[0.19‰(1/5251)～2.32‰(15/6456)].(2)左旋甲状腺素用量:左旋甲状腺素的平均剂量孕前、孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期、产后分别为(33±35)、(51±36)、(68±42)、(76±42)、(38±34)μg/d,孕早期及产后与孕前比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);孕中期及孕晚期与孕前比较,左旋甲状腺素应用量明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),整个孕期的左旋甲状腺素平均用量比孕前增加约35%.(3)妊娠结局:31例患者中有5例妊娠期糖代谢异常,发生率为16%(5/31);1例胎儿六指畸形,1例新生儿窒息(Apgar评分1分钟7分,5分钟10分);31例患者中无一例围产儿死亡,无新生儿先天性甲减.结论 妊娠合并甲减发病率逐年升高.孕期需及时增加左旋甲状腺素用量,对改善妊娠合并甲减患者的妊娠结局具有良好的治疗作用.     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇甲状腺功能及妊娠结局的研究

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇的甲状腺功能及妊娠结局情况。方法:检测569例GDM孕妇及1221例正常孕妇的血清促甲状腺素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)水平。根据结果将两组孕妇进一步分为甲减组、甲亢组、正常组,比较各组的流产、早产及新生儿窒息发生率。结果:GDM组:甲减91例(1例临床甲减、90例亚临床甲减),甲亢64例(14例临床甲亢、50例亚临床甲亢),正常414例;对照组:亚临床甲减113例,甲亢36例(3例临床甲亢、33例亚甲亢),正常1072例。GDM组的TPOAb总体阳性率显著高于对照组(12.8%vs 8.6%,P0.01)。GDM-甲减组的TPOAb总体阳性率显著高于GDM-正常组(P0.01),GDM其余各组间及对照各组间均无显著差异(P0.05)。GDM合并甲状腺功能异常孕妇的流产、早产率高于甲功正常的GDM孕妇及甲功异常和正常的非GDM孕妇;其分娩的新生儿窒息率亦高于甲功正常的GDM孕妇和甲功正常的非GDM孕妇。其中GDM合并亚临床甲减孕妇的流产、早产率高于单纯GDM孕妇及单纯亚临床甲减孕妇(P0.01),GDM合并甲亢孕妇的新生儿窒息率显著高于甲功正常的GDM孕妇(P0.05)。结论:GDM孕妇出现甲状腺功能异常的风险较高,GDM孕妇同时合并甲状腺功能异常,对母儿风险大。临床应重视孕妇特别是GDM孕妇的甲状腺疾病。