Influence of chemical oxygen demand concentrations on anaerobic ammonium oxidation by granular sludge from EGSB reactor

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations on the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). METHODS: An Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactor was used to cultivate the granular sludge and to perform the ANAMMOX reaction in the bench scale experiment. NH4(+)-N and NO2(-)-N were measured by using colorimetric method. NO3(-)-N was analyzed by using the UV spectrophotometric method. COD measurement was based on digestion with potassium dichromate in concentrated sulphuric acid. RESULTS: When the COD concentrations in the reactors were 0 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 350 mg/L, and 550 mg/L, respectively, the NH4(+)-N removal efficiency was 12.5%, 14.2%, 14.3%, and 23.7%; the removal amount of NO2(-)-N was almost the same; the nitrate removal efficiency was 16.8%, 94.5%, 86.6%, and 84.2% and TN removal efficiency was 16.3%, 50.7%, 46.9%, and 50.4%, moreover, the COD removal efficiency was 85%, 65.7%, and 60%; the COD removal rate was 27.42, 61.88, and 97.8 mg COD/(h x L). CONCLUSION: COD concentrations have a significant influence on anaerobic ammonium oxidation by granular sludge.     

稚鳖养殖水体中异养细菌及自养细菌的初步研究

对D湖水产养殖场,室内养鳖池水体和底泥中的异养细菌及自养细菌种类、数量进行了初步测定分析。结果表明水中异养细菌总数为5．3×105～17．0×105CFU／ml,底泥中异养细菌总数为1.66×106～2．24×106CFU／ml(湿重)。三种自养细菌的总数(用最大可能数MPN法测得)分别为8．5MPN／ml,0．4MPN／m1,2．45MPN／ml。自养细菌的数量明显低于异养细菌。试验稚鳖池水中共分离出21株异养细菌,其中优势菌为假单胞杆菌属细菌(Pseudomonas);底泥中共分离出25株异养细菌,其中优势菌为芽胞杆菌属细菌(Bacillus),微球菌属细菌(Micrococcus)假单胞菌属细菌(Pseudomonas),三种自养细菌分别为具有氧化硫化氢、元素硫或硫化亚铁的硫细菌;具有氧化氨为亚硝酸的亚硝化细菌和能将亚硝酸进一步转化成硝酸的硝化细菌。测定稚鳖养殖池水体的化学指标其中BOD5,NH3-N,大大超过渔业水质标准及参考标准。S2-指标虽未超标但也接近标准的上限值。三个稚鳖养殖水体污染较严重。     

二烯丙基三硫化物涂层支架对冠状动脉损伤后血管壁内iNOS蛋白表达及NO水平的影响

目的:研究二烯丙基三硫化物涂层支架对犬冠状动脉损伤后血管壁内诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)蛋白表达及NO水平的影响. 方法:进行冠状动脉左回旋支支架置入术的犬,将二烯丙基三硫化物涂层支架和对照支架分别置入左回旋支的远端和近端. 术后1,3,10和28 d分别处死动物,蛋白质印迹杂交法测定血管壁中iNOS蛋白的表达、硝酸还原酶法检测NO水平. 结果:对照支架组术后1 d血管壁中有少量iNOS蛋白表达,3 d表达增加,10 d达高峰,28 d时仍有表达,二烯丙基三硫化物涂层支架组iNOS蛋白在各时间点的表达量均高于对照支架组;对照支架组术后1 d时NO生成量低于正常组织,3 d时NO水平升高,10 d时最高,28 d时降至基线水平,二烯丙基三硫化物涂层支架组各时间点的NO水平明显高于对照支架组. 结论:二烯丙基三硫化物涂层支架可显著增加iNOS表达,并提升NO产量,提示二烯丙基三硫化物涂层支架可能是抑制内膜增生的一个重要机制.     

Preparation of a new tissue-based biosensor]

A new adenosine electrode using rabbit thymus tissue as catalyst is described. The tissue membrane was immobilized at the surface of an ammonia gassensing electrode for determination of adenosine in body fluid or tissue samples. This tissue-based biosensor showed excellent selectivity, and sensitivity, with a response slope of 51.2mV/decade, linear range of 3.16 x 10(-5)-5.62 x 10(-3) mol/L, coefficients of variation ranging from 1% to 5.72% (n = 7, m = 5), recoveries of adenosine in rabbit blood from 94.9% to 108.4% (n = 5, m = 5), and response time of 7 min. The life-time of the electrode was 25 days and 14 analogous compounds showed no significant interference.     

支气管哮喘患儿血清NO2／NO3和cGMP的改变

研究支气管哮喘患儿血清一氧化氮的变化及临床意义 。方法采用镀铜镉还原法和放射免疫法测定患者血清ＮＯ２／ＮＯ３和ｃＧＭＰ的含量。结论哮喘急性发作期ＮＯ的生长增多，参与哮喘的发病过程，血清Ｎ煌测定可作为判断治疗效果的一个指标。     

Study on influencing factors of the by-product CHCl3 produced in the electrochemical sterilization process]

OBJECTIVE: To gain an understanding of the progressive course and influencing factors of the by-product CHCl3 produced in the electrochemical sterilization process. METHODS: Taking filtering water, using graphite and Ti(matrix)-Ti as electrodes, adding different concentrations of SO4(2-) and Cl- in the filtering water, adjusting the electric current for analyzing sample in different times, and reviewing the production of CHCl3 under different conditions. RESULTS: The quantity of CHCl3 produced in the electrolysis using Ti (matrix)-Ti was greater than that using graphite. Besides, it was found that the more the current density increased, the more would be the production of CHCl3. No significant difference in the quantity of CHCl3 was seen after the addition of trace electrolyte Na2SO4; however, after the addition of trace electrolyte NaCl, (CHCl3) increased with the increase of (Cl-). CONCLUSION: The graphite electrode should be the best and choicest electrode for use in the electrochemical sterilization of drinking water; the time of electrolysis should not be more than 10 minutes; the appropriate current density current is 1 mA/cm2. These suggestions may conduce to minimizing the production of CHCl3.     

精子中一氧化氮和透明质酸酶活性的关系

目的 :探讨一氧化氮 (NO)与人精子透明质酸酶(HYD)活性及精子质量的关系 .方法 :参照WHO标准方法 ,进行精液常规分析 .采用镀铜镉还原荧光法检测NO代谢产物硝酸盐 (NO3 -) .用改良Singer法测定精子HYD活性 .结果 :90例不育者NO含量与精子密度、活动率及HYD活性呈显著的负相关 (r =- 0 .4 8,- 0 .4 7,- 0 .6 3,P <0 .0 1 ) ,HYD与精子畸形率呈显著的负相关 (^y =- 0 .91 3+0 .0 0 9x) .结论 :精子HYD活性测定是评价精子受精能力的有效指标 ,NO对精子HYD活性有抑制灭活影响精子对卵丘的穿透作用 .     

聚脯氨酸修饰电极循环伏安法选择性测定去甲肾上腺素

目的 建立聚脯氨酸修饰电极测定去甲肾上腺素的新方法,并有效排除肾上腺素与抗坏血酸干扰.方法 在pH 9.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中.用循环伏安法制备了聚脯氨酸修饰电极,研究去甲肾上腺索在聚合物薄膜上的电化学行为,建立测定去甲肾上腺素的电化学分析新方法.结果 在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,去甲肾上腺素在修饰电极上呈现一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,利用循环伏安法测定其还原峰电流可排除肾上腺素与抗坏血酸干扰.去甲肾上腺素检测的线性范围是7.0×10-7～1.1×10-4mol/L:检出限为6.0×10-8mol/L.结论 该修饰电极具有良好的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性,用于药剂样品分析,结果满意.     

新型合成三肽抑制巨噬细胞精氨酸转运

目的观察新型合成三肽[Arg(NO3)-Lys(OCH3)-Arg(NO3)]对巨噬细胞株(RAW264．7)左旋-精氨酸／一氧化氮 (L-Arg／NO)途径的影响。方法培养的巨噬细胞(培养液中含L-Arg 0．5 mmol／L)加入脂多糖(LPS,1μg/L)随机分为3组 (每组n=6),分别加入双蒸水、三肽(1×10-4mol／L)、NG甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMMA,1×10-4mol／L),对照组只含L-Arg (n=6),作用24 h后,检测亚硝酸盐(NO2-)、3H-L-Arg转运量;培养的巨噬细胞[培养液中含L-Arg(0-2 mmol／L)]加入 LPS(1 μg／L)24 h后,检测NO2-;培养的巨噬细胞(培养液中含L-Arg 0．5mmol／L)加入LPS(1μg/L)后分别加三肽[ (0-10)×10-4 mol／L]24 h后,检测NO2-、3H-L-Arg转运量。结果 LPS刺激细胞产生NO的量和L-Arg率转运分别为非刺激组的50倍和2．7倍,三肽(1×10-4mol／L)即可明显降低NO的生成及抑制L-Arg的转运(分别降低71％、67％),较 L-NMMA(1×10-4 mol／L)作用要强(P<0．05);NO的生成依赖于细胞外L-Arg,并成浓度依赖性,其米氏常数(Km):(0．162± 0．015) mmol／L、最大转运速率(Vmax):(91．2±2．3)μmol／(24 h·106cells);三肽成浓度依赖性的降低细胞L-Arg转运和 NO的生成,半数有效抑制剂量(EC50)分别为0．21×10-4mol／L、1．27×104mol／L。结论 LPS作用于巨噬细胞引起L-Arg转运增加:三肽通过抑制细胞L-Arg转运及与L-Arg竞争性结合一氧化氮合酶作用位点,影响NO的生成。     

Effects of Temperature and Hydraulic Residence Time （HRT） on Treatment of Dilute Wastewater in a Carrier Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

Objective To examine the effect of hydraulic residence time （HRT） on the performance and stability, to treat dilute wastewater at different operational temperatures in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor （CABR）, and hence to gain a deeper insight into microbial responses to hydraulic shocks on the base of the relationships among macroscopic performance, catabolic intermediate, and microcosmic alternation. Methods COD, VFAs, and microbial activity were detected with constant feed strength （300 mg/L） at different HRTs （9-18 h） and temperatures （10℃-28℃） in a CABR. Results The removal efficiencies declined with the decreases of HRTs and temperatures. However, the COD removal load was still higher at short HRT than at long HRT. Devastating reactor performance happened at temperature of 10℃ and at HRT of 9 h. HRTs had effect on the VFAs in the reactor slightly both at high and low temperatures, but the reasons differed from each other. Microbial activity was sensitive to indicate changes of environmental and operational parameters in the reactor. Conclusion The CABR offers to certain extent an application to treat dilute wastewater under a hydraulic-shock at temperatures from 10℃to 28℃.     

一氧化氮对透析低血压的影响

目的：了解一氧化氮（ＮＯ） 对透析低血压的影响。方法：使用分光光度法测定伴或不伴透析低血压的血液透析（ＨＤ） 患者血浆中ＮＯ 的稳定代谢产物亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ－２ ） 和硝酸盐（ＮＯ－３ ）的水平。结果：透析低血压患者的平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）显著低于血压正常的ＨＤ患者,前者ＮＯ－２ 和ＮＯ－３ 的血浆水平显著高于后者;低血压及血压正常的ＨＤ患者的ＭＡＰ 分别与其ＮＯ－２ 和ＮＯ－３ 的血浆水平呈负相关。结论：ＨＤ患者ＮＯ 产生增加,可能促使透析相关性低血压的发生。     

Ghrelin抑制ox-LDL诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的机制

目的:研究ghrelin对ox-LDL诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)凋亡的抑制作用。方法:采用Ho-echst 33258荧光染色、Western blot法和硝酸还原酶法研究ghrelin对ox-LDL诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的抑制作用。结果:Hoechst 33258染色荧光检测发现,与正常对照组相比,ox-LDL组HUVEC中出现大量凋亡细胞,凋亡率明显增加,与ox-LDL组比较,ghrelin预处理组HUVEC细胞凋亡率呈剂量依赖性下降;Western blot检测结果表明,与对照组比较,ox-LDL可上调内细胞中Caspase-3表达,而经过ghrelin预处理后能剂量依赖性降低Caspase-3蛋白表达;硝酸还原酶法结果显示,ox-LDL可显著减少内皮细胞培养液中NO含量,经过ghrelin预处理后,ghrelin能剂量依赖性增加NO含量。结论:ghrelin对ox-LDL诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡有拮抗作用,可能与其抑制ox-LDL引起的细胞内Caspase-3蛋白水平升高及NO合成下降有关。     

NO调控剂(S,S)-ZX-5及其对映体对血管内皮细胞NO释放及eNOS酶活性影响研究

目的：考察（S，S）-ZX-5及其对映体对血管内皮细胞一氧化氮（NO）释放和内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）活性的影响，为开发通过增加NO释放而选择性改善脉络膜血流的药物提供理论依据。方法：采用细胞培齐技术和硝酸还原酶法在体外测定NO的释放量，用同位素方法测定[H^3]L-Arg催化生成[H3]L-Cit量的变化来反映eNOS活性．结果：（S，S）．ZX-5使NO生成显著增加，并与（S，S）-ZX-5的浓度相关，（R，R）-ZX-5对NO生成增加影响不显著；（S，S）-ZX-5显著提高了eNOS酶活性，（R，R）-ZX-5对eNOS酶活性影响不显著。结论：（S，S）-ZX-5改善脉络膜血流的机制可能是通过增强eNOS酶活性，促进细胞内NO释放增加而完成的。     

三维电极法处理医院污水影响因素的分析

目的 分析三维电极法处理医院污水的影响因素。方法 探讨阳极材料、电流密度、水力停留时间、空气流量、极水比等因素对消毒效果的影响，确定在不加化学药剂、不影响水质和低耗能条件下电化学消毒试验的最佳使用条件。结果 在用涂有贵金属（钌、铂、铱）氧化物的钛板作阳极，不锈钢板作阴极，电流密度为6mA/cm^2、水力停留时间为15min、空气流量为40L／h、极水比为1．0的试验条件下，消毒后污水中总大肠菌群数〈500CFU／L。结论 电化学法消毒处理医院污水方法简单有效、运行费用低，无二次污染，处理后的污水达到国家一级排放标准（GB8978—1996）。     

Toxicity reduction of municipal wastewater by anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process

Objective This study was conducted to optimize the operational parameters of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic （A^2/O） processes to reduce the toxicity of municipal wastewater and evaluate its ability to reduce toxicity. Methods A luminescent bacterium toxicity bioassay was employed to assess the toxicity of influent and effluent of each reactor in the A2/O system. Results The optimum operational parameters for toxicity reduction were as follows： anaerobic hydraulic retention time （HRT） = 2.8 h, anoxic HRT = 2.8 h, aerobic HRT = 6.9 h, sludge retention time （SRT） = 15 days and internal recycle ratio （IRR） = 100%. An important toxicity reduction （%） was observed in the optimized A2/O process, even when the toluene concentration of the influent was 120.7 mg·L^-1. Conclusions The toxicity of municipal wastewater was reduced significantly during the A^2/O process. A^2/O process can be used for toxicity reduction of municipal wastewater under toxic-shock loading.     

Macrophage-activation inhibitor factor from L5178Y murine lymphoma and formation of hepatic abscesses in BALB/c mice

BACKGROUND: Normal mice are naturally resistant to hepatic abscesses produced by Listeria monocytogenes. A macrophage-activation inhibitor factor (MAIF) isolated from the cell-free ascitic fluid of L5178Y lymphoma-bearing mice inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) by the macrophages. Because macrophages are also involved in the immune response towards L. monocytogenes, the present study had the objective of investigating whether MAIF was also capable of allowing L. monocytogenes to form hepatic abscesses. METHODS: BALC/c mice were inoculated intrahepatically with 5 x 10(5) bacteria. Experimental groups were treated daily with subcutaneous or intraperitoneal doses of 0, 1, 5 or 10 microg of MAIF/g of body weight. One dose was applied before inoculating bacteria and the remaining three doses 24, 48, and 72 h after inoculating bacteria. The development of hepatic abscess was analyzed 24 h after the last administration of MAIF. RESULTS: All treated mice (but not controls) developed hepatic abscess showing no differences regarding MAIF administration route. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a possible MAIF in vivo inhibition of NO macrophage production that allows L. monocytogenes hepatic abscess development in mice.     

单个核细胞源性一氧化氮与急性缺血性脑损伤

目的：探讨单个核细胞参与缺血性脑损伤的机制。方法：用镀铜镉法分别测定患性脑梗塞组和高血压组外周血及单个核细胞体外经脂多糖(LPS)植物血凝素(PHA)诞生的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐(NO3^-/NO2^-)的水平。结果：急性脑梗塞组血清及外周血单个核细胞诱生的NO3^-/NO2^-水平高于高血压组(均P＜0．05)单个核细胞诱生的NO3^-/NO2^-水平与神经障碍的严重程度正相关(P＜0．01)，而血清NO3^-/NO2^-水平与神经障碍的严重程度负相关(P＜0．01)。结论：NO在缺血性脑损伤的病理过程中的作用具有双重性，可能与其来源有关，单个核细胞源性的NO以损伤为主；单个核细胞可能通过分泌NO参与了缺血性脑损伤的病理过程。     

小儿肺炎心衰时循环内皮细胞、一氧化氮、脂质过氧化物的变化及意义

目的 :探讨血管内皮细胞损伤、一氧化氮、脂质过氧化在小儿肺炎心衰发生中的作用。方法 :检测肺炎心衰患儿循环内皮细胞 (CEC)数目、亚硝酸盐 /硝酸盐 (N0 2 -/NO3 -)及丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ,并与肺炎组比较。结果 :肺炎心衰组患儿CEC、N0 2 -/NO3 -、MDA均显著性高于肺炎组患儿 ,且CEC与N0 2 -/NO3 -、MDA呈显著性正相关。结论 :血管内皮细胞 (VEC)损伤、一氧化氮 (NO)生成过多、脂质过氧化参与了肺炎心衰发生的病理生理机制     

人早幼粒细胞cDNA文库的构建及其鉴定

目的：构建人早幼粒细胞HL60的cDNA文库,阐明文库内相关基因在急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）发生发展中的相关机制。方法：采用Trizol法提取HL60细胞总RNA,离心柱法分离纯化样本中的mRNA,逆转录PCR法合成cDNA第一链,酶促法直接合成cDNA第二链,胶回收目的长度的cDNA片段后将其与pPR3-N载体连接,通过同源重组方法在酵母Y187菌株中构建人早幼粒细胞cDNA文库。将培养的菌液涂布于LB平板进行库容量鉴定,PCR法鉴定插入片段大小及分布。结果：提取到的HL60细胞RNA条带清晰无降解且弥散度低,以纯化后的细胞mRNA为模板成功合成cDNA,经胶回收cDNA片段后顺利将其与pPR3-N载体连接。将重组载体转化至酵母菌株Y187,通过同源重组方法在菌株中成功构建人早幼粒细胞cDNA文库。在原始电转化菌稀释100倍后取10 μL涂板,共长约250个克隆子,库容量为2.5×10⁶ CFU·mL^-1,转化后原始菌液共计5 mL,总库容量为1.25×10⁷ CFU。文库的插入片段电泳检测,平均插入片段大于1200 bp,阳性率为100%。结论：成功构建人早幼粒细胞的cDNA文库,为白血病的发病机制及治疗机制的研究奠定了基础。     

肾上腺髓质素原N端20肽对血管紧张素刺激心肌成纤维细胞生成NO的影响

目的探讨肾上腺髓质素原N端20肽(PAMP)对血管紧张素II刺激心肌成纤维细胞(CFs)生成NO的影响及意义。方法采用胰酶消化、差速贴壁法培养新生SD大鼠CFs,以硝酸还原法测定细胞培养液中NO的浓度,分别观察不同浓度AngII、PAMP、及AngII PAMP对CFs生成NO的影响。结果(1)10-9、10-8、10-7、10-6μmol/LAngII组细胞培养液中的浓度是:(73.88±2.23)、(64.34±3.02)、(54.12±2.82)、(40.21±1.45)μmol/L,各组之间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。(2)10-9、10-8、10-7、10-6μmol/LPAMP组细胞培养液中NO的浓度分别为(74.40±3.42)、(74.91±2.66)、(75.77±3.31)、(74.23±2.43)μmol/L,而空白组为(74.57±2.49)μmol/L。各组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(3)10-7μmol/LAngII (10-9、10-8、10-7、10-6μmol/L)PAMP组培养液中NO合成浓度分别为(66.15±2.95)、(80.58±3.77)、(88.67±1.46)、(96.22±2.96)μmol/L,各组间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论随AngⅡ浓度增加可显著抑制CFs分泌NO,而PAMP对CFS合成NO无明显影响,但PAMP与AngII共同培养时,随PMAP浓度增加,NO的合成呈依从性增多。