背部弹力纤维瘤的多排螺旋CT及MRI诊断

目的探讨多排螺旋CT(multidetector spiral computed tomography,MSCT)及磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)诊断背部弹力纤维瘤(elastofibroma dorsi,EFD)的影像学特点。材料与方法收集我院20例经手术病理证实的EFD患者资料,所有患者均行CT检查,其中8例行CT增强检查,4例行MRI检查,1例同时行MRI增强检查,3例MRI平扫检查,并分别测量EFD、前锯肌及周围脂肪CT平扫及增强后CT值进行比较,分析EFD的临床特点及CT、MRI表现。结果 20例患者中,13例病灶位于双侧,4例病灶位于右侧,3例病灶位于左侧,CT共发现33处病灶,并均位于背部肩胛下角肌肉深面,均呈扁丘状或半圆形肿块,主要以肌肉样密度为主,病灶内见条纹状脂肪密度沿病灶长轴间隔排列;病灶边缘毛糙不整,周围脂肪间隙模糊不清,CT增强扫描3例轻度强化,5例无强化;EFD与前锯肌、EFD与周围脂肪间平扫及增强CT值差异均存在统计学意义(P0.05);MRI平扫信号不均匀,呈等信号为主的肌组织与高信号的脂肪组织交错排列,MRI增强扫描1例呈不均匀中度强化。结论背部弹力纤维瘤具有典型的发病部位,根据CT及MRI影像表现均可做出明确诊断。     

Role of cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of acute chest pain in the emergency department

Evaluation of patients presenting with chest pain to the emergency department remains a challenging task because of a variety of etiologies that range from benign to potentially fatal. Although majority of patients do not have myocardial ischemia as the cause of their presentation, the clinical work up can be time consuming, costly and inconclusive. Recent technical advances in cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have led to better diagnostic accuracy in evaluating patients with chest pain. In this paper, we review the role of cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating patients with chest pain in the emergency department.     

B超、CT与MRI诊断胆管结石的比较研究

目的 比较B超、CT与MRI各成像序列对胆管结石的诊断价值.方法 23例临床拟诊胆管结石的患者行B超和MRI检查,其中10例行同期CT扫描.最后诊断均经手术或经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)证实.依据影像诊断报告结果总结B超、CT与MRI诊断胆管结石的准确性,并通过回顾性分析CT与MRI脉冲序列图像探讨各种技术的优缺点.结果 23例病人中,22例有胆管结石,1例手术中未见胆管内结石.B超诊断结石12例,其中1例假阳性,诊断准确度48%(11/23).CT诊断结石8例,假阴性2例,诊断准确度80%(8/10).MRI诊断结石20例,其中1例假阳性,诊断准确度83%(19/23).在MRI各序列中,磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)显示胆管结石最直观,轴位T2WI与T1WI是MRCP的有益补充.结论 诊断胆管结石时,B超可作为初步筛查方法.CT与MRI的诊断准确性较高,且后者多序列多方向的成像能力可补充B超与CT的不足.     

Magnetic resonance imaging with computed tomography of a renal leiomyoma

Renal leiomyoma are rare, benign tumors of the kidney. There is little information about the imaging of these tumors with modern modalities. We present a case of computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of a large renal leiomyoma.     

CT血管造影与MR血管造影对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值的对比研究

目的通过CTA检查结果与MRA检查结果的对比分析,探讨二者在诊断颅内动脉瘤中的临床应用价值。材料与方法回顾性分析60例高度怀疑颅内动脉瘤患者的DSA影像资料,及其CTA或MRA图像,在60例行DSA检查患者中,行CTA检查者30例,行MRA检查者30例。图像后处理采用最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建(VR),以DSA检查结果及行动脉夹闭术作为诊断动脉瘤的标准,比较CTA和MRA对颅内动脉瘤的显示情况。结果在60例中,DSA和动脉瘤夹闭术共证实30个动脉瘤,其中30例16个动脉瘤CTA显示良好,30例14个动脉瘤MRA显示良好。CTA发现颅内动脉瘤的敏感性为93.3%特异性为86.7%准确性为90.0%,MRA发现颅内动脉瘤的敏感性为60.0%特异性为66.7%准确性为63.3%。结论头颈部CTA检查能够快速、安全、无创、有效的诊断脑动脉瘤,可作为临床筛查大部分颅内动脉瘤的首选检查方法。     

Comparative study between ultrasound,computed tomography,intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography,and magnetic resonance imaging in the differentiation of tumors of the liver

Forty-one patients with liver tumor have been evaluated with ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IA-DSA), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to establish the accuracy of each technique. In group A (24 patients), in which all four imaging modalities were performed, our results show that MRI detected all hemangiomas (25/25) compared to 22/25, 21/25, and 20/25 with US, CT, and IA-DSA, respectively. No difference between the various methods was seen in the case of hepatoma. Finally, in the patients with metastases, all four techniques had the same sensitivity (100%) but the specificity of MRI was also 100%, compared to 33% for IA-DSA and 66% for US and CT.     

X线计算机体层摄影术、磁共振成像和脑磁图描记术在急性脑梗死诊断中的应用

急性脑梗死是临床常见的缺血性脑血管疾病,具有高发病率、高死亡率及高致残率的特点,早诊断、早治疗是及早阻止疾病发展、改善预后的关键。笔者主要就急性脑梗死在X线计算机体层摄影术(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)、脑磁图描记术(MEG)等神经影像中的早期表现及相关原理进行阐述。常规CT普及率高、经济、便捷,对脑出血敏感度高,是急性脑梗死与脑出血鉴别首选,缺点是成像对比度差,对脑梗死早期诊断精确性差。CT灌注成像对急性脑梗死的早期诊断和缺血半暗带定位具有更大的优势。MRI是具有多种扫描序列,可对不同状态下脑组织内水分子状态精确分辨,对脑梗死的诊断、分期具有极高的应用价值。临床常规的T1、T2、FLAIR加权像可在起病后数小时观测到异常信号,而DWI序列在局部脑组织缺血后5min即可见信号增强。SWI序列可以检测CT、常规MRI无法显示的微出血灶。MRS成像可以检测多种细胞内化合物成分,这些化合物对急性脑梗死不同时期、不同程度的细胞损伤具有特定意义。MEG可以灵敏检测大脑神经元细胞的异常放电,并能对异常信号发生源精确定位,时间分辨率达ms级,空间分辨率达mm级。MEG通过监测不同功能区的诱发磁场,可以定位病灶,同时灵敏客观反映脑功能损伤情况。但其昂贵的价格、低普及率、对被检查者的配合要求都限制了MEG的应用。目前神经影像学技发展快,随着设备及软件的进一步开发,急性脑梗死诊治水平会有进一步的提高。     

急性颅内出血的MRI诊断价值与序列优化

目的分析急性颅内出血敏感MR序列的征象,明确急性颅内出血MRI诊断的最佳序列组合,探讨脑外伤、中风等急性颅脑损伤MRI一站式诊断的可行性.方法对40例颅内出血病例进行FLAIR、GRE-T2*WI、EPI-T2*WI序列扫描,对不同类型颅内出血敏感序列的征象进行总结,比较FLAIR和GRE-T2*WI序列组合和CT对颅内出血诊断的差异.结果脑实质内出血在GRE-T2*WI上表现为片状均质低信号或是低信号区内混杂点状高信号,FLAIR上表现为片状高信号;蛛网膜下腔出血在GRE-T2*WI上表现为沿脑沟分布的低信号,在FLAIR上表现为沿脑沟分布的高信号带;本病例组中2例硬膜下出血在GRE-T2*WI上无明显阳性发现,在FLAIR上表现为清晰可见的颅骨下方条形高信号;硬膜外出血在GRE-T2*WI上表现为颅骨下方梭形的等信号,与脑实质之间有不规则的低信号区相隔,FLAIR可见梭形高信号.GRE-T2*WI和FLAIR序列组合和CT对颅内出血的诊断价值的差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),GRE-T2*WI和FLAIR序列组合诊断敏感性高于CT.结论 GRE-T2*WI和FLAIR序列组合可以准确诊断不同类型的急性颅内出血,实现脑外伤和中风的一站式诊断.     

磁共振成像在诊断幼年特发性关节炎中的应用

目的:探讨幼年特发性关节炎(JIA)患者膝关节磁共振成像(MRI)的主要表现及检查技术要点。方法:探讨T1加权自旋回波序列(T1W/SE)、T2加权快速自旋回波序列(T2W/TSE)、增强后T1W脂肪抑制三维快速梯度回波序列(SPIR/3D/FFE)等技术及其在膝关节MRI中的作用,并分析42例JIA患儿的膝关节MRI表现。结果:增强后T1脂肪抑制三维快速梯度回波序列结合T1W、T2W序列能综合评价JIA造成的关节病变程度,其主要表现包括滑膜增生、血管翳形成、关节腔渗出积液、骨髓水肿、半月板变性、关节软骨破坏、腘窝淋巴结肿大等。结论:增强后T1脂肪抑制三维快速梯度回波序列结合传统T1W、T2W成像对判断JIA膝关节病变有重要价值。     

Isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium: ultrafast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of ultrafast computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for anatomical and pathophysiological diagnosis of isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium (INVM) compared with other imaging modalities including thallium myocardial imaging. Six patients, three sets of siblings, ranging in age from 13 to 18 years, were included in this study. Two-dimensional echocardiograms revealed numerous prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses in one or more ventricular wall segments in all cases. Thallium-201 myocardial imaging disclosed a hypoperfusion area corresponding to the zones where noncompacted ventricular myocardium was localized. Ultrafast CT showed early defects of varying degrees and rate enhancement of the noncompacted ventricular myocardium, implying fibrosis in this area. MRI disclosed inner zones of noncompacted myocardium distinguishable from thin outer zones of compacted myocardium. T2-weighted imaging revealed high intensity areas at the apex of the left ventricle, suggesting disturbed microcirculation due to fibrosis, thrombus formation, and hypokinesis. Cine MRI revealed hypokinesis of the noncompacted ventricular wall during the cardiac cycle. In conclusion, ultrafast CT and MRI provide high-resolution imaging of noncompacted myocardium, and also pathophysiological details regarding this rare disease.     

高分辨磁共振成像在颅内未破裂动脉瘤破裂风险评估中的应用

目的探究高分辨磁共振（HR-MRI）成像在颅内未破裂动脉瘤破裂风险评估中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2017年1月~2020年12月我院收治经过三维数字减影血管造影技术诊断为颅内动脉瘤的88例患者（101个动脉瘤）的临床资料,根据动脉是否破裂分为破裂组（n=30,35个动脉瘤）、未破裂组（n=58,66个动脉瘤）,并将未破裂组分为强化亚组（n=22,26个动脉瘤）和未强化亚组（n=36,40个动脉瘤）,所有患者均行HR-MRI成像,观察各组动脉瘤特征。结果HR-MRI成像检查与数字减影血管造影诊断结果相比,准确率为79.55%。破裂组强化率明显高于未破裂组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。破裂组与未破裂组动脉瘤位置、动脉瘤大小、是否为宽颈动脉瘤、瘤体体率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;破裂组有子囊、体颈比≥2的比例明显高于未破裂组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。强化组与未强化组动脉瘤位置、动脉瘤大小、是否为宽颈动脉瘤比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;强化组有子囊、体颈比≥2、瘤体体率≥2的比例明显高于未强化组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论HR-MRI成像在颅内未破裂动脉瘤破裂风险评估中有良好应用效果,瘤体破裂风险与瘤壁强化有一定关系,影响瘤壁强化的因素有子囊情况及体颈比、瘤体体率等动脉瘤形态学特征。     

Value of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of sex-reassignment surgery in male-to-female transsexuals

Background: We investigated the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of sex-reassignment surgery in male-to-female transsexual patients.Methods: Ten male-to-female transsexual patients who underwent sex-reassignment surgery with inversion of combined penile and scrotal skin flaps for vaginoplasty were examined after surgery with MRI. Turbo spin-echo T2-weighted and spin-echo T1-weighted images were obtained in sagittal, coronal, and axial planes with a 1.5-T superconductive magnet. Images were acquired with and without an inflatable silicon vaginal tutor. The following parameters were evaluated: neovaginal depth, neovaginal inclination in the sagittal plane, presence of remnants of the corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa, and thickness of the rectovaginal septum.Results: The average neovaginal depth was 7.9 cm (range = 5–10 cm). The neovagina had a correct oblique inclination in the sagittal plane in four patients, no inclination in five, and an incorrect inclination in one. In seven patients, MRI showed remnants of the corpora cavernosa and/or of the corpus spongiosum; in three patients, no remnants were detected. The average thickness of the rectovaginal septum was 4 mm (range = 3–6 mm).Conclusion: MRI allows a detailed assessment of the pelvic anatomy after genital reconfiguration and provides information that can help the surgeon to adopt the most correct surgical approach.     

多模态磁共振成像技术在胶质瘤细胞增殖诊断中的应用

脑胶质瘤是一种临床发病率高、预后不良的恶性肿瘤,目前其术前诊断分级及预后评价仍缺乏有效的方法。多模态磁共振成像技术能够反映肿瘤的组织病理学变化,细胞增殖是肿瘤发生、发展的关键行为,与肿瘤的临床诊断、分级、治疗及预后密切相关。本文就多模态磁共振成像技术在脑胶质瘤细胞增殖诊断方面的应用进展予以综述。     

磁共振弥散加权成像在直肠癌检查中的价值

直肠癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。在我国,其发生率呈逐年上升趋势,严重影响人们的健康和生活质量。准确的术前分期是选择最佳治疗方案和手术方式所必须的。MRI(磁共振成像)是目前最常用的影像学方法之一,DWI(弥散加权成像)能更好地显示病变,判断肿瘤浸润程度及淋巴结转移,评估术前放化疗疗效,对临床有重要意义。     

Diagnostic value of imaging examination in autoimmune pancreatitis

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a special type of chronic pancreatitis mediated by autoimmunity factors. It can be divided into two categories according to pathological characteristics: Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis and idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis. In the clinical setting, the imaging manifestations of some AIP cases are atypical, so it is difficult to distinguish it from general pancreatitis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, and other malignant disorders. Most importantly, the treatment for and prognosis of these diseases are different. Therefore, a timely correct imaging diagnosis of AIP is key for AIP patients. After that, clinicians can take appropriate treatment measures for those patients, which is helpful for the prognosis of AIP.     

弥散张量成像FA值和ADC值在颅内肿瘤病变中的应用

目的探讨磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)FA值和ADC值在颅内肿瘤病变中的应用价值。方法收集经手术及组织病理学证实胶质瘤患者12例,脑膜瘤10例,神经鞘瘤9例,淋巴瘤8例。术前行常规MRI平扫、增强扫描检查,DTI检查、工作站自动生成各向异性指数图(FA图)及表观弥散系数图(ADC图),分别测量肿瘤实质区的FA值、ADC值,分析比较不同肿瘤之间有无统计学差异。通过弥散张量纤维束成像(DTT)在肿瘤区和健侧对应部位重建,主要为白质纤维束,并与肿瘤融合,观察纤维束的形态变化。结果胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、淋巴瘤、神经鞘瘤肿瘤实质区平均FA值为分别FA1:0.318±0.0036,FA2:0.45±0.052,FA3:0.304±0.012,FA4:0.0362±0.071;ADC值分别为:ADC1:1.233±0.204,ADC2:1.061±0.039,ADC3:1.014±0.108,ADC4:1.469±0.062。脑膜瘤FA值最高,神经鞘瘤ADC值最高。淋巴瘤ADC值及FA值较低。各组间比较,按α=0.05水准,组间差别均有统计学意义(F=92.308,P=0.000,F=30.955,P=0.000)。结论不同肿瘤的FA值和ADC值存在明显差异,DTI较常规MRI可更好地观察肿瘤造成的白质纤维束受压移位、浸润与破坏改变。为病变的诊断与鉴别诊断提供更多信息,为手术方案的制定,术后随访提供依据。     

39例胃黏膜下肿瘤CT诊断

目的:分析胃黏膜下肿瘤(gastric submucosal tumors,SMTs)的CT表现,以提高对该类病变的认识。方法:回顾性分析39例经术后病理证实的SMTs患者的CT资料,分析总结其特征表现。结果:39例SMTs患者中,间质瘤(gastric stromal tumor,GST)19例,影像表现为圆形、椭圆形或分叶状肿块,肿块实性部分增强后呈均匀或不均匀中度至明显强化,静脉期强化程度高于动脉期,17例GST长轴与胃壁垂直,14例表面覆盖完整黏膜,4例病变出现钙化,所有患者胃周未见肿大淋巴结;神经鞘瘤6例,表现为密度均匀的肿块,较少出血、坏死及囊变,仅2例患者病灶表面有小溃疡形成,增强后呈中度至明显强化,2例患者病灶周围出现肿大淋巴结;淋巴瘤8例,表现为范围较广的胃壁增厚而无梗阻,病灶长轴与胃壁平行,强化不明显,7例胃周出现肿大淋巴结;异位胰腺6例,表现为扁平状肿块影,增强后明显强化,强化方式与正常胰腺类似,1例见中央导管征。结论:SMTs病灶多在CT图像上有特征性表现,CT检查及多平面重组可清晰显示病灶的形状、大小、强化方式及胃腔内外情况等,对SMTs的诊断及鉴别均具有重要意义。     

心脏核磁共振在不稳定型心绞痛诊治中的应用价值

目的 研究心脏核磁共振在不稳定型心绞痛诊治中的价值.方法 选择确诊不稳定性心绞痛患者24例,其中男性15例,女性9例,均行冠脉造影.对24例患者进行心脏核磁共振(CMR)扫描,对图像进行首过灌注和延迟扫描分析(LEG),记录其在心脏结构、功能、心肌缺血、坏死、水肿等方面的信息,并使之与超声心动图(UCG)、冠脉造影(CAG)等传统检查结果对比.结果 CMR与UCG相比,可以提供更多右心室方面的信息.在左心室结构及功能方面,两者有很好的一致性;CMR能发现并检测心肌缺血、水肿及坏死,与传统检查相比有更大的优势.结论 心脏核磁共振在不稳定型心绞痛的诊断、评估方面具有重要价值.