系统免疫炎症指数与接受新辅助化疗胰腺导管腺癌患者预后的关系

目的 探讨新辅助化疗后系统免疫炎症指数（systemic immune-inflammation index,SII）对胰腺导管腺癌（pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,PDAC）预后评估的价值。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年12月在盘锦辽油宝石花医院行胰腺切除术的PDAC患者的临床资料。新辅助化疗后检测SII,依据ROC曲线确定SII最佳临界值（885）分为SII＞885组（n=37）和SII≤885组（n=58）,采用Cox回归评估SII与PDAC患者术后生存的关系。结果 SII与肿瘤大小、胆道引流、术前CA19-9水平有关（P<0.05）。SII≤885组的3年生存率高于SII＞885（43.1% vs 18.9%,P=0.015）。多因素Cox回归显示,肿瘤大小>3 cm（HR=1.367,95%CI：1.227～2.215,P=0.031）、CA19-9>37 IU/mL（HR=1.292,95%CI：1.132～1.931,P=0.011）及SII＞885（HR=1.451,95%CI：1.327～2.431,P=0.021）是影响PDAC患者术后生存的独立危险因素。结论 新辅助化疗后SII高的PDAC患者预后较差且SII＞885提示PDAC患者预后不良。     

The role of lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A review

Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary tumor of the liver. The incidence and mortality of its intrahepatic form has been increasing over the past 2 decades. Currently, the only available curative treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is surgical resection. There is still no prospective evidence to support neoadjuvant systemic treatments in resectable disease, while adjuvant chemotherapy with Capecitabine is currently the only recommended systemic treatment after liver resection based on the results of randomised trial. Despite the implementation of perioperative treatments and improvements in resective surgery, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remains a disease characterized by high incidence of recurrence and poor long-term survival. Lymph node metastases can be found in 45–65% of patients and are one of the most impacting prognostic factors after surgical resection. Preoperative imaging is not always sufficient in assessing lymph node status, thus hepatic pedicle lymphadenectomy can be important to ensure precise staging in surgical patients. An increasing trend in performing lymph node dissection during liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has been observed in the last 20 years, although its actual efficacy compared to the potential complications remains debated. The current evidence on the prognostic role of the lymph node status, its preoperative predictability, the basis for a correct hepatic pedicle lymphadenectomy and its prognostic role in the surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are presented.     

Prognostic influence of multiple hepatic lesions in resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundPresence of multiple hepatic lesions in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is included in staging as a negative prognostic factor, but both prognostic value and therapeutic implications remain debated. The aim of this study was to systematically review the prognostic influence of multiple lesions on survival after resection for iCCA, with stratification for distribution and number of lesions.MethodsMedline and Embase were systematically searched to identify records (2010–2021) reporting survival for patients undergoing primary resection for iCCA. Included were original articles reporting overall survival, with data on multiple lesions including tumour distribution (satellites/other multiple lesions) and/or number. For meta-analysis, the random effects model and inverse variance method were used. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed.ResultsThirty-one studies were included for review. For meta-analysis, nine studies reporting data on the prognostic influence of satellite lesions (2737 patients) and six studies reporting data on multiple lesions other than satellites (1589 patients) were included. Satellite lesions (hazard ratio 1.89, 95% confidence interval 1.67–2.13) and multiple lesions other than satellites (hazard ratio 2.41, 95% confidence interval 1.72–3.37) were significant negative prognostic factors. Data stratified for tumour number, while limited, indicated increased risk per additional lesion.ConclusionSatellite lesions, as well as multiple lesions other than satellites, was a negative prognostic factor in resectable iCCA. Considering the prognostic impact, both tumour distribution and number of lesions should be evaluated together with other risk factors to allow risk stratification for iCCA patients with multiple lesions, rather than precluding resection for the entire patient group.     

Prognostic value of pre-operative systemic immune-inflammation index and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in peritoneal carcinomatosis of ovarian origin

Background and objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the survival outcomes of patients who underwent to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and HIPEC for ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 68 cases following surgery at our department between 2015 and 2020 was performed. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used with Youden index to calculate the optimal cutoff values for SII, PLR and NLR.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed that high preoperative values of SII, PLR and NLR were correlated with worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in these patients. In the multivariable analysis, high SII was recognized as an independent prognostic factor for OS (CI 95%: 0.002- 3.835, p = 0.097) and high PLR was recognized as an independent prognostic factor for DFS (CI 95%: 0.253–2.248, p = 0.007).ConclusionSII and PLR could be useful prognostic tools to predict outcomes of patients who underwent to CRS and HIPEC for ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis.     

Radiofrequency ablation for postoperative recurrences of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Objective: Most recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (RICC) lost the opportunity of radical resection while most nonsurgical management failed to prolong patients' survival. The efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a local treatment for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma have been confirmed by many clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, long-term survival and complications of RFA for RICC. Methods: A total of 12 patients with 19 RICCs after radical ...     

Effect of the systemic immune-inflammation index on postoperative complications and the long-term prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract. Surgery is the main way to cure CRC, but the postoperative complication rate and recurrence rate remain high. The systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index reflects a patient’s systemic inflammatory state and immune state. Postoperative recurrence and the occurrence of complications are closely related to the inflammatory state and immune state. Thus, the SII index may have some value in predicting postoperative complications and the long-term prognosis of CRC patients, but relevant studies are currently lacking. The present study sought to examine the effect of the SII index on the postoperative complications and long-term prognosis of patients with CRC.MethodsFrom January 2014 to January 2017, the data of 440 patients with CRC who had been admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University were retrospectively collected, and the patients were equally divided into the high and the low SII groups according to their preoperative SII index levels. The postoperative complication rate and postoperative progression-free survival (PFS) and mortality between the 2 groups were compared.ResultsCompared to the low SII group, the incidence of postoperative infection in the high SII group was significantly increased (15.45% vs. 9.09%, P=0.042), mortality was significantly increased at 5 years postoperatively (20.91% vs. 7.27%, P<0.001), and PFS was significantly shortened (P<0.001). The SII index had certain predictive value for postoperative infection in CRC patients, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.645 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.559–0.731, P=0.001]. The SII index also had certain predictive value for the progression of CRC patients within 5 years of surgery, and the AUC was 0.670 (95% CI: 0.610–0.729, P<0.001). Additionally, the SII index had certain predictive value for death within 5 years of surgery in patients with CRC, and the AUC was 0.660 (95% CI: 0.593–0.726, P<0.001). CRC patients with postoperative infection had a significantly shorter PFS period than those who did not develop postoperative infection (P=0.029).ConclusionsThe SII index has certain predictive value for the diagnosis of postoperative infectious complications and the long-term prognosis of CRC patients.     

Postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation improves survival of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients with poor prognostic factors: Results of a large monocentric series

Background

The prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is currently unsatisfactory. The aims of this study were to identify prognostic factors after curative ICC resection, and to evaluate the effects of postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted of 114 ICC patients who underwent curative resection from January 2005 to December 2006. Relationships between survival and clinicopathological factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. The benefits of adjuvant TACE were investigated separately.

Results

The cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 63%, 26%, and 15%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumour size ≥5 cm (hazard ratio [HR] 1.875, 95% CI 1.139–3.088, P = 0.013) and advanced TNM stage (stage III or IV) (HR 1.681, 95% CI 1.035–2.732, P = 0.036) were independently associated with poor prognosis. Fifty-seven patients underwent adjuvant TACE. In patients with poor prognostic factors, TACE improved the survival rate (P < 0.001). However, in patients without poor prognostic factors, TACE did not significantly change the survival rate (P = 0.724).

Conclusions

Postoperative adjuvant TACE can prolong survival in ICC patients with tumour size ≥5 cm or advanced TNM stage.     

Impact of body mass index on tumor recurrence among patients undergoing curative-intent resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma- a multi-institutional international analysis

BackgroundThe association between body mass index (BMI) and long-term outcomes of patients with ICC has not been well defined. We sought to define the presentation and oncologic outcomes of patients with ICC undergoing curative-intent resection, according to their BMI category.MethodsPatients who underwent resection of ICC were identified in a multi-institutional database. Patients were categorized as normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m²) and obese (BMI≥30 kg/m²) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. Impact of clinico-pathological factors on recurrence-free survival (RFS) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards model among patients in the three BMI categories.ResultsAmong a total of 790 patients undergoing curative-intent resection of ICC in the analytic cohort, 399 (50.5%) had normal weight, 274 (34.7%) were overweight and 117 (14.8%) were obese. Caucasian patients were more likely to be obese (66.7%, n = 78) and overweight (47.1%, n = 129) compared with Asian (obese: 18.8%, n = 22; overweight: 46%, n = 126) and other races (obese: 14.5%, n = 17; overweight: 6.9%, n = 19)(p < 0.001). There were no differences in the presence of cirrhosis (10.9%, vs. 12.8%, vs. 12.9%), preoperative jaundice (8.6% vs. 9.5% vs. 12.0%), or levels of CA 19–9 (75, IQR 24.6–280 vs. 50.9, IQR 17.9–232 vs. 43, IQR 16.9–192.7) among the BMI groups (all p > 0.05). On multivariable analysis, increased BMI was an independent risk factor for tumor recurrence (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.32, for every 5 unit increase).ConclusionIncreasing BMI was associated with incremental increases in the risk of recurrence following curative-intent resection of ICC. Future studies should aim to achieve a better understanding of BMI-related factors relative to prognosis of patients with ICC.     

Diagnosis and cure experience of hepatolithiasis-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in 66 patients

Background: The management of hepatolithiasis combined with intrahepatic cholangicarcinoma (IHHCC) remains a challenge due to poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to summarize our diagnosis and cure experience of IHHCC over the recent 10 years. Methods: From January 1996 to January 2006, 66 patients with IHHCC were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Of the 66 patients, 52 underwent surgical resection (radical resection in 38 and palliative in 14) and 8 patients abdominal exploration, while the other 6 cases received endoscopic retrograde biliary internal drainage and stent implantation. In this series, correct diagnosis of advanced stage was made during operation in 8 cases (8/60, 13.3%) and all of them (underwent unnecessary abdominal exploration, among them the positive rate of CA19-9 was 100%, and the positive rate of CEA was 87.6% (7/8), incidence rate of ascites was 100% and short-term significant weight loss was 100%, with median overall survival of only 4 months. Conclusion: Radical resection is mandatory for IHHCC patient to achieve long-term survival, the CT and MR imaging features of IHHCC being concentric enhancement. Patients with IHHCC have significant higher CA199 and significant higher CEA and short-term significant weight loss and ascites should be considered with advanced stage of IHHCC and unnecessary non-therapeutic laparotomies should be avoided.     

Aspartate aminotransferase-lymphocyte ratio index and systemic immune-inflammation index predict overall survival in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

It has been suggested that lymphocytes play central roles in host antitumor immune responses and control cancer outcome. We reviewed the clinical parameters of 189 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and investigated the prognostic significance of lymphocyte-related scores in HCC patients following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Survival analysis revealed that an elevated aspartate aminotransferase-lymphocyte ratio index (ALRI) > 57 and a systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) > 300 were negatively associated with overall survival in HBV-related HCC (HR = 2.181, P = 0.003 and HR = 2.453, P = 0.003; respectively). Spearman chi-square analysis showed that ALRI had a specificity of 82.4% and that SII index had a sensitivity of 71.9% for HCC overall survival. ALRI and SII had negative predictive values of 74.6% and 80%, respectively for HCC overall survival. Additionally, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C patients had significantly higher ALRI and SII scores (both P < 0.0001) and poorer overall survival (HR = 3.618, P < 0.001). Additionally, HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) had higher ALRI and SII scores (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0059, respectively). In conclusion, as noninvasive, low cost, easily assessable and reproducible parameters, elevated ALRI and SII should be used as negative predictive factors for overall survival in HBV-related HCC in clinical practice.     

Prognostic significance of systemic immune-inflammation index-based nomogram for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation

BackgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the recommended treatment for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the prognostic value of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in early stage HCC is not discussed. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to explore the prognostic value of SII based on lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts in patients with HCC after RFA.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the prognostic value of the SII in training and validation cohorts, and then established an effective nomogram for HCC after RFA based on SII. The C-index, and area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (t-AUC) were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration value of the nomogram.ResultsAn optimal cut-off value for the SII of 324.55×10⁹ stratified the patients with HCC into high- and low-SII groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that SII was an independent predictor for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Moreover, SII was an independent prognostic factor for early-stage HCC with normal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The t-AUC of the SII was higher for OS and RFS than for neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). A high preoperative SII was associated with multiple tumors, larger tumors, and higher levels of AFP. A well-discriminated and calibrated nomogram was constructed to predict the probability of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year RFS with C-indexes of 0.80, which was significantly higher than that obtained with other prognostic clinical indexes.ConclusionsThe SII is an independent prognostic factor affecting the survival outcomes of patients with early-stage HCC. The comprehensive nomogram based on SII presented in this study is a promising model for predicting RFS in HCC patients after RFA.     

Meta-analysis on prognostic value of KRAS mutation in resected mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma

BackgroundDespite survival improvements for other cancers, the prognosis of resected mass-forming cholangiocellular carcinoma (MFCCC) remains dismal. As a possible background of that, biologic factors could play some role. KRAS mutation has been investigated in the present systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies reporting overall survival (OS) following liver resection for MFCCC with known KRAS status. Secondary outcomes included completeness of resection (R1 vs R0), pathological lymph node (LN) rate, tumor burden (multiple vs single), perineural invasion (PI) rate.ResultsEight studies comprising 604 patients resected for MFCCC were eligible for analysis. Of these, 23% of patients were mKRAS. The mKRAS MFCCC showed lower 1-year OS [odd ratio (OR) 3.45, 95% confidence interval (CIs) 1.85–6.42; p < 0.001], 3-years OS (OR 4.82, 95% CI 2.63–8.84; p < 0.001), and 5-years OS (OR 10.60, 95% CI 3.12–36.03; p < 0.001) compared to wtKRAS. Pooled-R1 resection rate was 18% for mKRAS and 23% for those with wtKRAS (OR 1.71, 95%CIs 0.70–4.19; p = 0.239). The pooled-pathological LNs rate was 23% in mKRAS vs 17% (OR 2.36, 95%CIs 0.75–7.48; p = 0.144). The pooled-multifocality rate was 55% in mKRAS vs 19% (OR 5.38, 95%CIs 1.76–16.48; p = 0.003), while the pooled-PI was 77% vs 31% (OR 6.59, 95%CIs 2.13–20.37; p = 0.001).ConclusionThe KRAS mutation is relatively frequent in MFCCC. The mKRAS is strongly associated with a shortened survival and higher tumoral aggressiveness. Testing for KRAS mutations could be a valuable adjunct in opening a scenario to new treatments and improving prognosis of patients with MFCCC.     

甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗晚期肝内胆管癌的临床观察

目的观察和评价甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗晚期肝内胆管癌的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2019年5月接受甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗的15例晚期肝内胆管癌患者,均口服甲磺酸阿帕替尼(250 mg/日,4周为1个周期),其中一线治疗1例,二线治疗6例,其余为三线及以上治疗。采用RECIST 1.1版和NCI CTC 4.0版标准分别评价近期疗效和不良反应。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法。结果随访截止于2019年11月1日,失访1例,13例可评价近期疗效和无进展生存时间(PFS),14例可评价总生存时间(OS)。中位治疗时间为13周。13例患者中获PR 1例,SD 8例,PD 4例;有效率为7.7%,疾病控制率为69.2%;中位PFS为75天,中位OS为294天。主要不良反应包括高血压、手足皮肤反应、口腔溃疡、腹泻和蛋白尿等,以1~2级为主,3级不良反应为2例高血压。结论甲磺酸阿帕替尼治疗晚期肝内胆管癌效果较好,且耐受性良好。     

Outcomes of vascular resection associated with curative intent hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Background and aimsWe aimed to investigate the impact of vascular resection (VR) on postoperative outcomes and survival of patients undergoing hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).MethodsA retrospective analysis of a multi-institutional series of 270 patients with resected ICC was carried out. Patients were divided into three groups: portal vein VR (PVR), inferior vena cava VR (CVR) and no VR (NVR). Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to define the impact of VR on postoperative outcomes and survival.ResultsThirty-one patients (11.5%) underwent VR: 15 (5.6%) to PVR and 16 (5.9%) to CVR. R0 resection rates were 73.6% in NVR, 73.3% of PVR and 68.8% in CVR. The postoperative mortality rate was increased in VR groups: 2.5% in NVR, 6.7% in PVR and 12.5% in CVR. The 5-years overall survival (OS) rates progressively decreased from 38.4% in NVR, to 30.1% in CVR and to 22.2% in PVR, p = 0.030. However, multivariable analysis did not confirm an association between VR and prognosis. The following prognostic factors were identified: size ≥50 mm, patterns of distribution of hepatic nodules (single, satellites or multifocal), lymph-node metastases (N1) and R1 resections. In the VR group the 5-years OS rate in patients without lymph-node metastases undergoing R0 resection (VRR0N0) was 44.4%, while in N1 patients undergoing R1 resection was 20% (p < 0.001).ConclusionVascular resection (PVR and CVR) is associated with higher operative risk, but seems to be justified by the good survival results, especially in patients without other negative prognostic factors (R0N0 resections).     

术前预后营养指数在肝内胆管癌根治性切除术后的预后预测价值

目的:探讨术前预后营养指数（prognostic nutritional index,PNI）在肝内胆管癌根治性切除术后的预后预测价值。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年12月于我院普通外科因肝内胆管癌行根治性切除术的107例患者的临床病理资料,分析PNI与患者临床病理特征、预后预测价值及其与预后的关系。结果:术前低PNI组与高PNI组患者的临床病理特征分析显示:低PNI组患者中CEA>5.0 ng/mL、CA19-9>39.0 U/mL、Child-Pugh肝功分级呈B级、肿瘤大小>5 cm、T分期呈T3及T4期、N1期比例明显高于高PNI组患者（P＜0.05）。单因素分析显示,PNI是影响患者预后的危险因素（P＜0.05）。多因素分析显示,PNI是影响患者预后的独立危险因素(P＜0.05)。时间依赖的ROC曲线显示:PNI在预测患者术后的1年、3年及5年总体生存期的AUC分别为67.93%、70.44%及68.32%。对独立危险因素分层分析发现:CEA≤5.0 ng/mL、CA19-9≤39.0 U/mL、CA19-9>39.0 U/mL及N0患者中低PNI组和高PNI组总体生存时间具有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论:术前PNI是肝内胆管癌根治性切除术后的独立危险因素,可用于患者预后预测。术前PNI对于CEA≤5.0 ng/mL、CA19-9≤39.0 U/mL、CA19-9>39.0 U/mL及N0者具有更好的预后预测价值。