急性胰腺炎初期全身炎症反应综合征持续时间与感染性胰腺坏死的关系

目的探究急性胰腺炎(AP)患者早期炎症反应与晚期感染性胰腺坏死(IPN)的潜在关系。方法回顾性纳入西南医科大学附属医院2019年6月—2020年6月收治的中度重症急性胰腺炎(MSAP)患者219例,重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者53例,根据起病初期是否合并全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS),分为SIRS组160例,非SRIS组112例。纳入基线资料、血清学指标、并发症及病死率。计量资料两组间比较采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,多组间进一步两两比较采用Bonferroni法。logistic回归分析筛选有价值的变量,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)用于比较变量的诊断价值,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)的两两比较采用Z检验。结果SIRS组患者的WBC、CRP、降钙素原更高(P值均<0.05),SIRS组合并急性胰周坏死物聚集(ANC)、IPN、胰腺坏死(PN)、器官功能障碍(OF)、多器官功能障碍(MODS)、重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)、危重症急性胰腺炎(CAP)、死亡、BISAP评分>2、CTSI评分>2、RANSON评分>2的比例均高于非SIRS组(P值均<0.05)。单因素分析显示,SIRS持续时间、肥胖、CRP、WBC、血尿素氮、PN、ANC、SAP、MODS、RANSON评分、BISAP评分、CTSI评分均是AP患者发生IPN的影响因素(P值均<0.05);多因素分析显示,SIRS持续时间(OR=1.307,95%CI:1.081~1.580,P=0.006)、ANC(OR=42.247,95%CI:10.829~164.818,P<0.001)是IPN的危险因素,排除ANC时,SIRS持续时间(OR=1.430,95%CI:1.207~1.694,P<0.001)、PN(OR=5.296,95%CI:1.845~15.203,P=0.002)是IPN的危险因素。预测IPN的ROC曲线显示:SIRS持续时间(AUC=0.772,约登指数:0.521)、RANSON评分(AUC=0.701,约登指数:0.319)、BISAP评分(AUC=0.741,约登指数:0.377)、CTSI评分(AUC=0.765,约登指数:0.414)的AUC两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。超长时间SIRS组(>4 d)患者发生PN、ANC、IPN、SAP、CAP的比例均显著高于无SIRS组(0)、短暂性SIRS组(1~2 d)和持续性SIRS组(3~4 d)(P值均<0.05),持续性SIRS组患者发生SAP的比例高于无SIRS组(P<0.05)。结论AP患者早期合并SIRS时更容易发生器官功能衰竭及局部并发症,当SIRS持续时间>4.5 d时,患者发生IPN的风险显著增加。     

微生态制剂在重症急性胰腺炎中应用的meta分析

背景:近年来关于微生态制剂治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的研究较多,然而其效用尚存在争议。目的:系统评价微生态制剂应用于SAP的效用。方法:检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、维普、CNKI和万方数据库,选取关于微生态制剂应用于SAP的随机对照试验(RCTs),以RevMan 5.1软件进行meta分析。计数资料和计量资料的评价分别采用比值比(OR)和加权均数差(WMD)。结果:共6项RCTs满足纳入和排除标准,包括SAP患者444例。Meta分析显示干预组与对照组间死亡率(OR=1.55,95%CI:0.83~2.88,P=0.17)以及感染性坏死(OR=1.19,95%CI:0.61~2.30,P=0.61)、全身性炎症反应综合征(SIRS)(OR=0.91,95%CI:0.29~2.84,P=0.87)、多器官功能衰竭(MOF)(OR=1.72,95%CI:0.98~3.01,P=0.06)发生率差异均无统计学意义,但干预组住院时间(WMD=-6.72,95%CI:-9.16~-4.28,P0.000 01)以及血淀粉酶、CRP恢复时间和腹部症状缓解时间均显著短于对照组,总体并发症发生率显著低于对照组(OR=0.39,95%CI:0.16~0.95,P=0.04)。结论:目前研究表明添加微生态制剂并不能降低SAP患者的死亡率以及感染性坏死、SIRS、MOF发生率,但能显著缩短患者的住院时间,降低总体并发症发生率。尚需开展大样本、高质量的RCTs对微生态制剂应用于SAP的效用作进一步评估。     

重症胰腺炎合并脓毒症的影响因素分析

目的分析重症胰腺炎(SAP)合并脓毒症的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2007年1月—2020年3月收治的178例SAP患者的临床资料,根据是否并发脓毒症分为脓毒症组(n=56)与非脓毒症组(n=122)。计量资料两组间比较采用t检验,计数资料两组间比较采用χ²检验。多因素分析采用logistic回归分析。结果SAP患者脓毒血症的发生率为31.46%。单因素分析显示,APACHEⅡ评分、血糖、血钙、血清总胆固醇、血清甘油三酯、血尿素氮、血清肌酐、血清白蛋白,以及入住ICU、低氧血症、深静脉置管、机械通气、手术方式、血液净化、留置导尿、胰腺坏死范围在脓毒症和非脓毒症患者间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,APACHEⅡ评分(OR=6.748,95%CI:2.191~20.788)、低氧血症(OR=3.383,95%CI:1.112~10.293)、血糖(OR=5.288,95%CI:1.176~23.781)、胰腺坏死范围(OR=5.523,95%CI:1.575~19.360)、血清肌酐(OR=5.012,95%CI:1.345~18.762)等5个因素是SAP并发脓毒症的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05),腹腔镜清除病灶坏死组织(OR=0.250,95%CI:0.066~0.951)为SAP并发脓毒症的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。结论控制血糖,保护肺肾等重器官功能,采用微创手术方式清除病灶坏死组织,注意重症、胰腺坏死程度高患者的救治是减少SAP并发脓毒症的重要措施。     

重症急性胰腺炎肠内营养不能耐受危险因素的临床研究

[目的]探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)肠内营养不能耐受的危险因素。[方法]选取2014年1月~2018年5月收治的重症急性胰腺炎行肠内营养治疗患者295例,根据患者是否出现肠内营养不能耐受,分为耐受组(174例)及非耐受组(121例),比较2组患者临床资料,对有统计学差异的指标采用多因素Logistic回归分析判断肠内营养不能耐受独立危险因素。[结果]295例患者中121例出现肠内营养不能耐受,其发生率为41.02%。多因素分析显示:腹内压20cmH2O(OR=6.834,P=0.001,95%CI:1.441,21.292),APACHEⅡ20分(OR=6.247,P=0.003,95%CI:1.436,20.572),禁食时间72h(OR=6.013,P=0.009,95%CI:1.391,19.347),血清白蛋白25g/L(OR=5.435,P=0.013,95%CI:1.043,14.179),是SAP患者肠内营养不能耐受发生独立危险因素,添加可溶性纤维(OR=0.258,P=0.010,95%CI:0.048,0.739)是SAP患者肠内营养不能耐受发生独立保护因素。而机械通气(OR=1.762,P=0.145,95%CI:0.598,6.018),CVP11cmH2O(OR=2.106,P=0.085,95%CI:0.609,8.678)非SAP患者肠内营养不能耐受发生独立危险因素。[结论]SAP患者行肠内营养不能耐受的独立危险因素为腹内压及APACHEⅡ评分增高,禁食时间延长及严重低蛋白血症,而肠内营养过程中合理添加可溶性纤维饮食是其保护因素,针对上诉因素应早期识别,进而降低肠内营养不能耐受的风险。     

重症急性胰腺炎肠内营养不能耐受的危险因素分析

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)肠内营养(enteral nutrition,EN)不能耐受的影响因素,为临床早期实施EN提供临床资料.方法选取2012-01/2018-01收治的SAP行EN治疗患者243例,根据患者是否出现EN不能耐受,分为耐受组及非耐受组,对影响SAP EN不能耐受的相关因素进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 243例患者中84例出现EN不能耐受,其发生率为34.57%.单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析显示:年龄60岁(OR=5.212,P=0.011,95%CI:1.462-18.587),禁食时间72 h(OR=3.683,P=0.012,95%CI:1.322-11.612),腹内压20 cmH_2O(OR=6.034,P=0.001,95%CI:2.431-20.114),急性生理学和慢性健康评分标准(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)20分(OR=6.411,P=0.001,95%CI:2.512-22.239),血清白蛋白25g/L(OR=5.961,P=0.001,95%CI:2.318-20.001),是SAP EN不能耐受发生独立危险因素.添加可溶性纤维(OR=0.221,P=0.002,95%CI:0.067-0.693)是SAP EN不能耐受发生独立保护因素.结论 SAPEN不能耐受的主要危险因素为年龄60岁,禁食时间72 h,腹内压20 cmH_2O,APACHEⅡ20分,血清白蛋白25 g/L,而合理添加可溶性纤维饮食是EN不能耐受的保护因素,因此应针对以上危险因素制定预防措施,降低EN不能耐受的风险.     

血清PAB与S100A12在重症急性胰腺炎患者预后评估中的应用价值

目的研究血清前白蛋白(PAB)与血清S100A12在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者预后评估中的应用价值。方法纳入2014年4月至2019年4月于我院收治的290例AP患者为对象,开展回顾性分析。所有患者均接受常规治疗及手术治疗,统计患者一般资料,分析住院期间(发病2周以内)预后情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析SAP患者预后的独立影响因素,判断血清PAB、S100A12与SAP患者预后的关系,并分析其对患者死亡的预测价值。结果 290例患者住院期间死亡55例,占18. 97%;存活235例,占81. 03%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,除APACHEⅡ评分(OR=1. 279,95%CI:1. 056～1. 549)、MCTSI评分(OR=4. 737,95%CI:1. 463～15. 338)、早期合并多器官功能衰竭(OR=13. 680,95%CI:8. 924～20. 971)、早期合并休克(OR=38. 200,95%CI:29. 450～49. 550)外,血清PAB(OR=1. 442,95%CI:1. 327～1. 567)、S100A12(OR=3. 937,95%CI:1. 784～8. 688)亦是SAP患者预后的独立影响因素(P 0. 05)。经ROC曲线处理,结果显示血清PAB、S100A12对SAP患者死亡均有一定预测价值,曲线下面积分别为0. 775、0. 825。结论血清PAB、S100A12在SAP患者预后评估中具有重要意义,临床应引起足够重视。     

急性胰腺炎合并代谢综合征的临床特征及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨合并代谢综合征(MS)的急性胰腺炎(AP)患者临床特征及预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析2013年1月-2019年1月西南医科大学附属医院收治的590例AP患者的临床资料,根据有无MS分为MS组(n=178)和非MS组(n=412),比较两组患者的基本临床特征;根据AP严重程度分为轻型急性胰腺炎(MAP)(n=317)、中度重型急性胰腺炎(MSAP)(n=171)、重型急性胰腺炎(SAP)(n=102),比较3组患者的MS成分指标。符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析;不符合正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。进一步两两比较均采用Bonferroni校正法。计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验,单向有序分类资料采用趋势χ~2检验,双向有序分类资料采用Goodman-Kruskal Gamma分析。有序logistic回归分析评估BMI与AP严重程度的关系;二分类logistic回归分析MS与AP严重程度的关系。结果 MS合并AP最常见的病因为高脂性(48.3%)和胆源性(24.7%),SAP更易合并MS(χ~2=141.519,P0.001),AP合并MS患者有着更高的临床系统评分、更多的局部和全身并发症、住院时间更长、ICU入住率与病死率更高(P值均0.05)。随着MS成分(超重、高血压、糖尿病、血脂紊乱)增加,AP严重程度随之增加(G=0.540,P0.001)。不同AP严重程度组间比较,BMI(F=9.291,P0.001)、HDL-C(χ~2=40.351,P0.001)差异均有统计学意义; SAP较MAP、MSAP患者有着更高的BMI、更低的HDL-C(P值均0.05)。有序logistic回归分析显示,BMI是AP病情发展的独立危险因素[比值比(OR)=1.091,95%可信区间(95%CI):1.041～1.143,P0.001]。根据AP严重程度建立二元logistic回归模型,设立MAP组对比非MAP组为模型1,SAP组对比非SAP组为模型2。结果显示,模型1中MS患者发生非MAP是MAP的5.867倍(OR=5.867,95%CI:3.072～11.207,P0.001);模型2中MS患者发生SAP是非SAP的7.214倍(OR=7.214,95%CI:3.018～17.244,P0.001)。模型1和2均显示HDL-C为AP病情发展的保护因素(OR=0.593,95%CI:0.387～0.910,P=0.017; OR=0.314,95%CI:0.160～0.614,P=0.001)。结论 AP入院时合并MS提示患者预后较差,其中BMI和HDL-C水平与患者病情发展密切相关。     

急性脑梗死并发全身炎性反应综合征的危险因素分析及对患者预后的影响

目的研究急性脑梗死(ACI)患者全身炎性反应综合征(SIRS)的发生率、相关危险因素及对患者预后的影响。方法选择我院神经内科住院的ACI患者218例,发生SIRS 50例,占22.9%,并分为SIRS组50例,非SIRS组168例,3个月后,用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分判断预后。采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析相关危险因素。结果 SIRS组患者年龄、C反应蛋白、空腹血糖、入院美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分均明显高于非SIRS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,C反应蛋白(OR=1.176,95%CI:1.116~1.240,P=0.000)、入院NIHSS评分(OR=1.160,95%CI:1.112~1.210,P=0.000)及空腹血糖(OR=1.152,95%CI:1.042~1.274,P=0.006)是ACI并发SIRS的独立危险因素。SIRS组患者3个月mRS评分[(4.1±1.2)分vs(3.1±1.0)分,P0.01]和病死率(38.0%vs 9.5%,P0.01)较非SIRS组高。结论 ACI患者SIRS发生率高,预后不良,C反应蛋白、入院NIHSS评分及空腹血糖是SIRS发生的独立危险因素。     

早期预测急性胰腺炎并发循环衰竭的指标分析

目的探讨急性胰腺炎并发循环衰竭的最佳预测指标,以期改善临床预后。方法回顾性分析2013年10月至2015年10月北京协和医院271例急性胰腺炎患者的资料,依据修订版Marshall评分标准判断是否存在循环衰竭。同时,根据患者循环衰竭情况,分为早期(入院24 h内)循环衰竭组和持续性循环衰竭(48 h)组,比较两组各项指标的差异;将有统计学意义的各项指标纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,确定最终的预测指标。结果早期循环衰竭组26例,持续性循环衰竭组15例。对于早期出现循环衰竭具有预测价值的指标是:入院24 h内最高体温(OR 2.86,95%CI:1.26~6.47)、最快呼吸频率(OR 1.17,95%CI:1.06~1.31)以及血尿素氮值(OR 1.20,95%CI:1.09~1.31)。对于持续性循环衰竭具有预测价值的指标是:入院24 h内血尿素氮值(OR 1.17,95%CI:1.02~1.34),其ROC曲线下面积为0.833(95%CI:0.691~0.975),最佳阈值是11.28 mmol/L,敏感度80.0%,特异度90.1%,约登指数0.701。结论入院24 h内生命体征和血尿素氮水平,对于预测急性胰腺炎并发循环衰竭具有重要意义。入院24 h内血尿素氮值是一个良好的预测持续性循环衰竭的指标。     

ApoB/ApoA1比值评估急性胰腺炎严重程度的研究

目的探究ApoB/ApoA1预测急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)严重程度的临床价值。方法回顾性选取2017年1月至2018年9月于郑州大学第二附属医院住院治疗且符合纳入标准的AP患者130例。依据亚特兰大标准将患者分为MAP组(n=63)、MASP组(n=33)和SAP组(n=34)。比较三组患者血钙(Ca)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、尿素氮(BUN)、ApoB/ApoA1水平,采用Spearman秩相关分析分析患者ApoB/ApoA1与Ca、CRP、BUN的相关性;观察患者的预后情况,分析ApoB/ApoA1预测AP患者预后不良的价值。结果 SAP组患者ApoB/ApoA1、CRP、BUN高于MSAP组及MAP组,但SAP组的Ca水平明显低于MSAP组及MAP组(P0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,ApoB/ApoA1与CRP、BUN、APACHEⅡ评分、BISAP评分呈正相关,与Ca呈负相关。MSAP组及SAP组治疗前、治疗后7 d及治疗后14 d ApoB/ApoA1均高于MAP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ApoB/ApoA1可在早期评估AP的严重程度。     

中度和重度急性胰腺炎的临床特征与预后分析

目的 评价新的急性胰腺炎（AP）分类标准的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析78例原诊断为重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者的临床资料,按新的分类标准将其细分为中度急性胰腺炎（MSAP）组（57例）和重度急性胰腺炎（SAP）组（21例）.记录两组患者的性别,年龄,病因,入院后的实验室和影像学检查,APACHEⅡ、Ranson、SIRS、改良Marshall、JSS、BISAP、Imrie评分,胃肠减压天数,入住ICU天数,住院总天数,外科干预例数,病死率,住院总费用等.结果 入院时两组患者的性别比、病因、血细胞比容、SIRS评分的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.SAP组患者入院时血肌酐、血尿素氮、血乳酸脱氢酶水平及APACHEⅡ、Ranson、改良Marshall、JSS、BISAP、Imrie评分分别为（157.13±101.60） μmol/L、（10.38±7.43） mmol/L、（780.62±645.01） IU/L和（13.71±5.03）、（5.14±2.15）、（5.48±2.36）、（4.62±1.63）、（2.57±0.60）、（4.71±1.27）分;MSAP组分别为（71.85±27.90） μmol/L、（4.71±2.57） mmol/L、（337.70±177.77）IU/L和（7.39±3.91）、（2.49±1.56）、（0.81±0.85）、（2.21±1.37）、（1.68±0.81）、（2.77±1.24）分,两组差异均有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）.SAP组患者均有持续性器官功能衰竭,单器官功能衰竭8例,多器官功能衰竭13例,9例患者病死;MSAP组患者均治愈出院.SAP组患者入住ICU例数及入住平均天数、住院总天数、住院总费用分别为11例、（8.10±13.67）d、（45.8±45.5）d、（11.41±16.67）万元;MSAP组分别为2例、（0.16±0.88）d、（26.3±19.7）d、（3.62±2.93）万元,两组差异均有统计学意义（P值均＜0.05）.结论 按新的AP分类标准将重症急性胰腺炎分为MSAP、SAP有助于临床医师更准确地评估患者的病情及预后.     

Low-grade inflammation for predicting severe acute pancreatitis in patients with hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the association between low-grade inflammation (LGI) and the severity of hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 311 patients with HTG-AP who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital between April 2012 and March 2021. Inpatient medical and radiological records were reviewed to collect the clinical manifestations, disease severity, and comorbidities. C-reactive protein (CRP) level, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet (PLT) count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were considered LGI components and were combined to calculate a standardized LGI score. The association between the LGI score and the severity of HTG-AP was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

Of the 311 patients with HTG-AP, 47 (15.1%) had mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), 184 (59.2%) had moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP), and 80 (25.7%) had severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), respectively. Patients with MSAP and SAP had a higher LGI score than those with MAP (1.50 vs −6.00, P < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with LGI scores in the fourth quartile were more likely to have MSAP and SAP (odds ratio [OR] 21.925, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.014–95.867, P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that low calcium (OR 0.105, 95% CI 0.011–0.969, P = 0.047) and high LGI score (OR 1.253, 95% CI 1.066–1.473, P = 0.006) were associated with MSAP and SAP. When predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis, the LGI score had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (0.7737) compared to its individual components.

Conclusion

An elevated LGI score was associated with a higher risk of SAP in patients with HTG-AP.     

急性胰腺炎分型与病情评估的研究进展

急性胰腺炎（AP）是消化科常见急症。由于预后的不同,早期发现急性重症胰腺炎并及时干预非常重要,因此许多临床进展与之有关。介绍了AP两方面的进展,一方面,2012年的亚特兰大分型将重症胰腺炎（SAP）改为中度重症急性胰腺炎（MASP）和重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）,是否存在持续48 h的器官衰竭是鉴别MSAP及SAP的关键。另一方面,床旁AP严重度评分作为一种新的AP评分在国内外的研究中得到了肯定的结果。这两方面的进展均体现了人们对AP认识的深入,并可能在将来提高AP患者的预后。     

生大黄保留灌肠辅助治疗重症急性胰腺炎肠麻痹的临床研究

目的 探讨生大黄液灌肠对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者肠道功能恢复的影响.方法 选择近5年收治的60例SAP患者,按完全随机法分为对照组和生大黄灌肠治疗组.对照组患者给予常规综合治疗,包括胃肠减压、禁食、抗感染、抑制胰腺分泌、抑制全身炎症反应及器官功能支持等;生大黄组在常规治疗的基础上,加用生大黄粉100 g的浸泡液200 ml高位保留灌肠,1次/d,直至肠道功能恢复后停药.于入院第1、2、5、6天测膀胱压力,行APACHEⅡ评分.观察两组肠道功能恢复(出现肠鸣音及肛门排气、排便)时间、全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)消退时间、住院天数及病死率.结果 入院第5、6天,生大黄组患者的膀胱压力及APACHEⅡ评分均显著低于对照组患者[(21.9±9.0) cmH2O比(25.3±9.5)cmH2O,(16.5±7.5) cmH2O比(20.6±7.7) cmH2 O,1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa; (9.8±3.8)分比(12.5±3.6)分,(9.2±2.4)分比(11.2±2.5)分;P值均＜0.05)].生大黄组患者肠道功能恢复时间、SIRS消退时间、住院天数及病死率分别为(126.8±28.2)h、(131.2±29.6)h、(25.6±6.2)d及16.7％,其肠道功能恢复及SIRS消退时间、住院天数均较对照组患者的(169.9±53.4)h、(160.4±30.4)h、(33.2±6.4)d明显缩短(P值均＜0.05),病死率较对照组的26.7％降低,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 生大黄液保留灌肠可明显缩短SAP患者的肠道功能恢复时间及住院天数.     

早期应用生大黄对重症急性胰腺炎的疗效

目的探讨早期应用生大黄液对并发肠麻痹的重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的治疗效果及对其预后的影响。方法将48例并发肠麻痹的SAP患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组按照SAP常规处理原则予监护,禁食,胃肠减压,抑酸,应用生长抑素,抗生素,纠正水、电解质、酸碱平衡等支持治疗;治疗组在此基础上给予生大黄液胃管注入。观察两组患者的腹痛腹胀缓解时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间、全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)改善时间、并发症发生的例数、病死率、住院时间及住院费用。结果两组患者的腹痛腹胀缓解时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间、SIRS改善时间、住院时间及住院费用有显著性差异(P<0.01);治疗组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),但两组病死率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论生大黄液能缩短SAP的病程,降低住院费用,是治疗SAP肠麻痹的理想药物,可以常规早期使用。     

Delayed ethyl pyruvate therapy attenuates experimental severe acute pancreatitis via reduced serum high mobility group box 1 levels in rats

AIM： To investigate the effect of delayed ethyl pyruvate （EP） delivery on distant organ injury, survival time and serum high mobility group box 1 （HMGB1） levels in rats with experimental severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）.
METHODS： A SAP model was induced by retrograde injection of artificial bile into the pancreatic ducts of rats. Animals were divided randomly into three groups （n = 32 in each group）： sham group, SAP group and delayed EP treatment group. The rats in the delayed EP treatment group received EP （30 mg/kg） at 12 h, 18 h and 30 h after induction of SAP. Animals were sacrificed, and samples were obtained at 24 h and 48 h after induction of SAP. Serum HMGB1, aspartate arninotransferase （AST）, alanine arninotransferase （ALT）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, and creatinine （Cr） levels were measured. Lung wet-to-dry-weight （W/D） ratios and histological scores were calculated to evaluate lung injury. Additional experiments were performed between SAP and delayed EP treatment groups to study the influence of EP on survival times of SAP rats.
RESULTS： Delayed EP treatment significantly reduced serum HMGB1 levels, and protected against liver, renal and lung injury with reduced lung W/D ratios （8.22 ±0.42 vs 9.76 ± 0.45, P 〈 0.01）, pulmonary histological scores （7.1 ± 0.7 vs 8.4 ± 1.1, P 〈 0.01）, serum AST （667 ± 103 vs 1 368 ± 271, P 〈 0.01）, ALT （446 ± 91 vs 653 ± 98, P 〈 0.01） and Cr （1.2 ± 0.3 vs 1.8 ± 0.3, P 〈 0.01） levels. SAP rats had a median survival time of 44 h. Delayed EP treatment significantly prolonged median survival time to 72 h （P 〈 0.01）.
CONCLUSION： Delayed EP therapy protects against distant organ injury and prolongs survival time via reduced serum HMGBllevels in rats with experimental SAP. EP may potentially serve as an effective new therapeutic option against the inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome （MODS） in SAP patients.     

急性胰腺炎伴发中心静脉导管相关血流感染的危险因素与病原学分析

目的 探讨AP伴发中心静脉导管相关血流感染(CRBSI)的危险因素和病原学分布情况。方法 回顾性分析2017年4月至2019年3月间武汉大学人民医院胰腺外科收治的行中心静脉置管留置的MSAP和SAP患者的临床资料,将CRBSI患者和非CRBSI患者按照年龄、性别、糖尿病、输血、肠外营养、穿刺部位和导管留置天数以1∶1进行配对。将合并腹腔感染、APACHEⅡ评分≥20分、早期肠内营养和抗菌药物纳入多因素logistic回归模型,分析MSAP、SAP患者发生CRBSI的危险因素及病原学分布情况。结果 共收集352例患者,其中39例发生CRBSI,发生率为11.08%,8.83例/1 000留置导管日。多因素logistic回归分析显示,合并腹腔感染(OR=1.69,95%CI 1.20~2.23)和APACHEⅡ评分≥20分(OR=2.87,95%CI 1.79~5.46)为发生CRBSI的独立危险因素,早期肠内营养(OR=0.81,95%CI 0.43~0.96)是其保护因素。共检出病原菌43株,以革兰阴性菌为主,占58.1%(25/43),其中肺炎克雷伯菌最多见(44.2%,19/43)。多重耐药菌比例高(67.4%,29/43)。结论 合并腹腔感染、APACHEⅡ评分≥20分是AP伴发CRBS的独立危险因素,而早期肠内营养是其保护因素。感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,需重视细菌多重耐药问题。     

Intestinal bacterial overgrowth in the early stage of severe acute pancreatitis is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUNDIn the early stage of acute pancreatitis (AP), a large number of cytokines induced by local pancreatic inflammation seriously damage the intestinal barrier function, and intestinal bacteria and endotoxins enter the blood, causing inflammatory storm, resulting in multiple organ failure, infectious complications, and other disorders, eventually leading to death. Intestinal failure occurs early in the course of AP, accelerating its development. As an alternative method to detect small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, the hydrogen breath test is safe, noninvasive, and convenient, reflecting the number of intestinal bacteria in AP indirectly. This study aimed to investigate the changes in intestinal bacteria measured using the hydrogen breath test in the early stage of AP to clarify the relationship between intestinal bacteria and acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Early clinical intervention and maintenance of intestinal barrier function would be highly beneficial in controlling the development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).AIMTo analyze the relationship between intestinal bacteria change and ALI/ARDS in the early stage of SAP.METHODSA total of 149 patients with AP admitted to the intensive care unit of the Digestive Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2016 to 2019 were finally enrolled, following compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the hydrogen breath test within 1 wk of admission were collected, and the hydrogen production rates at admission, 72 h, and 96 h were calculated. The higher the hydrogen production rates the more bacteria in the small intestine. First, according to the improved Marshall scoring system in the 2012 Atlanta Consensus on New Standards for Classification of Acute Pancreatitis, 66 patients with a PaO₂/FiO₂ score ≤ 1 were included in the mild AP (MAP) group, 18 patients with a PaO₂/FiO₂ score ≥ 2 and duration < 48 h were included in the moderately SAP (MSAP) group, and 65 patients with a PaO₂/FiO₂ score ≥ 2 and duration > 48 h were included in the SAP group, to analyze the correlation between intestinal bacterial overgrowth and organ failure in AP. Second, ALI (PaO₂/FiO₂ = 2) and ARDS (PaO₂/FiO₂ > 2) were defined according to the simplified diagnostic criteria proposed by the 1994 European Union Conference. The MSAP group was divided into two groups according to the PaO₂/FiO₂ score: 15 patients with PaO₂/FiO₂ score = 2 were included in group A, and three patients with score > 2 were included in group B. Similarly, the SAP group was divided into two groups: 28 patients with score = 2 were included in group C, and 37 patients with score > 2 were included in group D, to analyze the correlation between intestinal bacterial overgrowth and ALI/ARDS in AP.RESULTSA total of 149 patients were included: 66 patients in the MAP group, of whom 53 patients were male (80.3%) and 13 patients were female (19.7%); 18 patients in the MSAP group, of whom 13 patients were male (72.2%) and 5 patients were female (27.8%); 65 patients in the SAP group, of whom 48 patients were male (73.8%) and 17 patients were female (26.2%). There was no significant difference in interleukin-6 and procalcitonin among the MAP, MSAP, and SAP groups (P = 0.445 and P = 0.399, respectively). There was no significant difference in the growth of intestinal bacteria among the MAP, MSAP, and SAP groups (P = 0.649). There was no significant difference in the growth of small intestinal bacteria between group A and group B (P = 0.353). There was a significant difference in the growth of small intestinal bacteria between group C and group D (P = 0.038).CONCLUSIONIntestinal bacterial overgrowth in the early stage of SAP is correlated with ARDS.