Computed tomography imaging features for amyloid dacryolith in the nasolacrimal excretory system: A case report

BACKGROUNDNasolacrimal duct obstruction leading to epiphora is a common ophthalmologic complaint, and it may derive from amyloidosis in rare cases. There are a few reports about localized amyloidosis, and amyloidosis with involvement and obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct is exceedingly rare. CASE SUMMARYA 54-year-old male presented with a 2-year history of a lump overlying the left lacrimal sac that had grown rapidly for nearly half a year. Physical examination touched a firm lump in the left lacrimal sac. Nasal endoscopy discovered lesions in appearance of sediments with easy bleeding at the entry of the nasolacrimal duct of the left inferior nasal meatus. Computerized tomography scan revealed speckle high density in the left lacrimal sac and the dilated nasolacrimal duct. During an endoscopic exploration and excision, a large number of dacryoliths were exposed. Pathology indicated amorphous pink material and multinucleated giant cell reaction in the fibrous tissue.CONCLUSIONThis case showed amyloidosis in localized form mimicking dacryolith with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. In clinical practice, we should be aware of the possibility of localized amyloidosis in the nasolacrimal excretory system.     

产前超声诊断胎儿泪囊囊肿

目的探讨产前超声诊断胎儿泪囊囊肿的价值。方法回顾性分析12胎产前超声诊断为胎儿泪囊囊肿的声像图特征,并追踪其妊娠结局。结果产前超声检出12胎胎儿泪囊囊肿,孕周为26～36周,其中双侧3胎,单侧9胎。泪囊囊肿典型超声声像图表现为眼眶内下方见囊性无回声。6胎囊肿产前自行消失;1胎经终止妊娠后确定存在泪囊囊肿;2胎分娩后囊肿自行消失;1胎分娩后因新生儿呼吸窘迫而接受外科手术治疗;2胎失访。结论胎儿泪囊囊肿有其特征性超声表现,正确诊断有利于指导临床工作。     

全泪道MR成像——透明质酸钠的应用

目的 探讨利用透明质酸钠做全泪道成像的可行性。方法 对27例（54侧）溢泪和（或）溢脓患者进行磁共振全泪道扫描。9例（18侧）泪道以生理盐水做对比剂为第1组,18例（36侧）泪道以透明质酸钠做对比剂为第2组,分别行三维快速恢复快速自旋回波序列扫描。以泪道内镜为金标准,评价三维快速恢复快速自旋回波序列对泪小管、泪囊和鼻泪管的显像情况。结果 泪小管：1组中,能显示但信号较低2侧、无显示16侧;2组中,清晰显示35侧、能显示但信号较低1侧。泪囊：1组中,清晰显示13侧、能显示但信号较低5侧;2组中,清晰显示36侧。以内镜为金标准,1组方法诊断鼻泪管通畅度准确率为77.77%（14/18）,2组方法诊断鼻泪管通畅度准确率为97.22%（35/36）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 利用透明质酸钠行MR全泪道水成像能为眼科医生提供更详尽的信息,有利于提高手术的成功率。     

螺旋CT对骨性泪道骨折的诊断价值

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT在骨性泪道骨折诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析经临床证实的65例骨性泪道骨折患者的16层螺旋CT图像。采用美国GE公司AW4.1工作站对图像进行后处理,行多平面重建术(MPR),比较薄层横断面与多平面重组图像的诊断结果。结果:16层螺旋CT图像能清晰显示泪囊窝、鼻泪管骨折,65例患者共计75处骨折,均为复合性骨折,多为鼻眶筛区域骨折,其中上颌骨额突骨折45例(70%),泪骨骨折30例(46%),伴发筛板骨折40例(62%),鼻骨骨折32例(49%),额骨鼻突骨折13例(20%),鼻颌缝分离23例(36%),鼻额缝分离17例(26%),额颌缝分离20例(30%),泪颌缝分离50例(78%),鼻骨间缝分离26例(40%)。薄层横断面与多平面重组图像对骨性泪道骨折的诊断准确性无显著差异。结论:16层螺旋CT能准确、细致地显示骨性泪道骨折的部位、程度及伴发改变。     

阴道检查代替肛门检查监测产程的临床观察

传统的观察产程进展的方法常是肛门检查（以下简称肛查），但是肛查时产妇疼痛便意感明显，并且常不能正确地判断产程进展状况。为此，2004年5月-2005年5月，我们对385例分娩孕妇采用杭州民生药业集团有限公司生产的5％聚维酮碘溶液消毒后进行阴道检查（以下简称阴查），代替传统的肛门检查来了解产程进展，并探讨产程中常规采用阴查是否增加母儿感染。与356例肛查观察产程者进行对比分析，以确定阴道检查监测产程的可行性，尤其是妊娠合并细菌性阴道病（BV）产妇的母儿感染情况，现报道如下。     

合并眼眶内侧壁骨折的鼻泪管骨折螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨合并眼眶内侧壁骨折的鼻泪管骨折螺旋CT诊断价值。方法对45例临床确诊为眼眶内侧壁骨折的病人行螺旋CT横断位扫描,扫描后行MPR图像后处理。其中5例出现典型的溢泪症状,6例有明显泪管断裂或泪道阻塞的临床体征。结果检出22例(49%)病人合并鼻泪管骨折。所有具有临床症状及体征的病人均被检出。22例病人均为单侧性的鼻泪管骨折。其中除合并眼眶骨折外,6例合并其它部位骨折。22例鼻泪管骨折在螺旋CT横断位中均可显示,应用MPR图像后处理方法可显示20例。横断位显示稍优于MPR。结论眼眶内侧壁骨折易并发鼻泪管骨折,以单侧最为多见。以横断位扫描为基础,辅以MPR技术能够清楚地显示眼眶内侧壁骨折所并发的鼻泪管骨折及鼻泪管的阻塞情况。同时MPR还能清楚地显示骨折线的全程及鼻泪管的走行,对于指导手术治疗及评价预后具有重要的临床价值。     

胎儿鼻泪管囊肿的产前超声诊断

目的 探讨胎儿鼻泪管囊肿的产前二维及三维超声声像图特征.方法 采用二维及三维超声对29例鼻泪管囊肿胎儿行产前连续顺序超声检查,重点对双侧眼眶横切面超声图像特征进行观察,并与引产及产后临床随访结果进行比较,总结鼻泪管囊肿产前超声声像图特征.结果 胎儿鼻泪管囊肿主要声像图特征是眼眶鼻侧下方呈类圆形无回声区,内径<15 mm,边界清,壁较光滑,内透声好.29例鼻泪管囊肿胎儿产前超声表现:二维超声显示单侧鼻泪管囊肿22例(左侧12例,右侧10例),双侧鼻泪管囊肿7例;囊肿大小4～13 mm,平均(7.69±2.25) mm.囊肿边界清,壁较光滑,内透声好;其中20例眼眶鼻侧下方呈类圆形无回声区,9例内分泌物沉积囊内形成稍高回声团.CDFI:29例鼻泪管囊肿内均未见明显彩色血流信号.三维超声均可直观显示29例鼻泪管囊肿,表现为眼眶鼻侧囊性无回声区及眼眶鼻侧皮肤局部隆起.产前超声诊断胎儿鼻泪管囊肿28例(28/29),误诊1例(产前二维超声诊断为鼻泪管囊肿,出生后证实为眼眶皮样囊肿).29例胎儿临床复查和产后随访结果:(1)孕31～36周超声复查4例胎儿鼻泪管囊肿消失.(2)2例引产儿中1例鼻泪管囊肿合并室间隔缺损及脐动脉腹内段走行异常,1例鼻泪管囊肿合并唇腭裂.(3)19例(19/29)出生后可见鼻泪管囊肿,囊肿部位及侧别与产前超声检查结果相符合.结论 产前二维及三维超声能较好显示胎儿鼻泪管囊肿,并能动态监测其转归,是诊断胎儿鼻泪管囊肿首选方法.     

内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术治疗急性泪囊炎急性发作期的疗效

目的 评估内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术（En-DCR）治疗急性泪囊炎急性发作期的疗效。方法 纳入2016年9月－2020年12月于温州医科大学附属眼视光医院行En-DCR的66例成年急性泪囊炎急性发作期（发作时间小于72 h）的患者。入院后常规静脉抗生素治疗，并在入院24 h内行En-DCR，术后静脉抗生素和激素治疗2 d。术后随访12个月，记录患者急性炎症消退时间（泪囊区肿胀消退、内眦部疼痛消退和皮肤红斑消退）、泪道再造术成功率和并发症发生率。结果 En-DCR术后泪囊区肿胀消退时间1～5 d，平均（2.97±0.96）d；内眦部疼痛消退时间2～7 d，平均（3.79±1.31）d；内眦部皮肤红斑消退时间3～14 d，平均（6.98±3.59）d。术后12个月泪道再造术成功率为93.44%（57/61）。未出现急性泪囊炎复发、内眦部破溃、眶内脓肿和眶蜂窝织炎等并发症。结论 对于成年急性泪囊炎的急性发作期即刻行En-DCR，效果好，术后成功率高，无皮肤破溃和感染扩散等并发症发生，值得临床推广应用。     

泪腺淋巴细胞增生性病变的CT、MRI诊断

目的 研究泪腺淋巴细胞增生性病变的CT和MRI表现及其诊断价值.方法 回顾分析10例经病理学证实的泪腺淋巴细胞增生性病变患者的CT及MR影像资料,总结病变影像学表现.结果 反应性淋巴细胞增生5例,表现为泪腺体积增大,CT呈均匀等密度,MRI T1WI、T2WI呈低或等信号,1例T2WI呈高信号,增强扫描呈明显强化.非典型性淋巴细胞增生1例,CT表现为双侧泪腺弥漫性增大,密度均匀.泪腺淋巴瘤4例,表现为双侧泪腺弥漫增大.结论 泪腺淋巴细胞增生性病变的CT及MRI表现与炎性病变相似,但有助于与泪腺上皮性肿瘤鉴别,并可准确显示病变累及范围.     

逆行性人工鼻泪管植入修复泪道阻塞性疾病：18个月随访（英文）

背景：人工鼻泪管植入治疗泪道阻塞性疾病不会改变泪道的解剖结构,是一种简单有效的治疗方法。目的：评价人工鼻泪管植入治疗泪道阻塞性疾病的有效性及安全性。方法：选择2008/2009逆行性人工鼻泪管植入治疗泪道阻塞患者87例,共94眼,年龄26～71岁,平均56岁。其中鼻泪管阻塞患者31例,慢性泪囊炎患者56例。随访时间为18个月。结果与结论：人工鼻泪管植入后第2天92眼溢泪症状完全缓解,成功率为98%（92/94）。随访中,85眼人工鼻泪管保持通畅,8眼发生阻塞,1眼发生人工鼻泪管移位,植入有效率为90%（85/94）。植入后有7例患者出现疼痛,2例出现眼睑水肿,所有患者均有少量鼻出血,经对症处理后均缓解。结果可见人工鼻泪管植入是治疗泪道阻塞性疾病简单有效安全的方法。     

鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术的护理

目的:探讨鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术治疗外伤性鼻泪管阻塞的护理及治疗效果。方法:10例外伤性鼻泪管阻塞患者接受了鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术。结果:10例接受鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术的患者术后症状缓解,鼻腔造瘘口通畅。结论:鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔造孔术是治疗外伤性鼻泪管阻塞的有效方法,而且具有损伤小,方法简便,并发症少等优点。     

鼻泪管骨折HRCT扫描及诊断

目的：探讨鼻泪管骨折HRCT扫描方法及诊断意义。方法：回顾分析HRCT横断及冠状扫描25例鼻泪管骨折病人，其中21例为临床眶骨骨折病人，只有4例出现典型伯临床表现：溢泪，伴有泪囊内积脓后才行CT检查。结果：18例为双侧鼻泪管骨折，7例为单侧鼻泪管骨折，所有病人均合并其他骨折。25例鼻泪管骨折在HRCT横断扫描均可显示，但冠扫只显示4例，横断扫描显示鼻泪管优于冠状扫描。结论：HRCT扫描能清楚显示鼻泪管骨折，对临床诊断及早期治疗有指导价值。     

Midterm results of periprosthetic coiling embolization in high-risk patients

BackgroundWith increasing interest in the prevention of type II endoleaks (EII), the aim of this study was to report midterm results on the intraoperative coiling embolization of the periprosthetic aneurysmal sac in patients at high-risk of EII.MethodsA retrospective review study was conducted with 124 patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm who accorded with the inclusion criteria, including 66 patients who underwent standard endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (Group A) and 58 patients who underwent aneurysmal sac coiling embolization (Group B). Baseline data and follow-up results were analyzed.ResultsA mean of 2.84 ± 1.45 coils (range 1–9) were used in Group B. The general incidence of an EII was 15.32% (19/124) at a mean follow-up time of 46.60 ± 15.14 months, with 22.7% (15/66) in Group A and 6.9% (4/58) in Group B (χ² = 5.62; P = 0.018). Logistic multivariate analysis revealed that the independent risk factors of an EII were no sac embolization and a sac volume ≥128 cm³. The Kaplan-Meier subgroup analysis showed no difference in regard to the rate of freedom from EII between the two groups either with a larger or smaller sac.ConclusionsThese results suggest that periprosthetic coiling embolization in patients at high-risk of EII is safe and effective in the prevention of EII. The preventive effect seemed to be weakened when the sac volumes were taken into consideration at midterm follow-up.     

Renal Infarction and Its Consequences for Renal Function in Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of and risk factors for renal infarction (RI) in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.Patients and MethodsWe evaluated 87 patients with cardiac amyloidosis who underwent renal technetium-99m-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy in the Amyloidosis Referral Center of Henri-Mondor Hospital from October 1, 2015, through February 28, 2018.ResultsThree groups of patients were identified according to the underlying amyloidosis disorder: AL amyloidosis in 24 patients, mutated-transthyretin amyloidosis in 24 patients, and wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis in 39 patients. Patients with wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis were older (P<.001), more likely to be men (P=.02), to have arrhythmic heart diseases (P<.001), and to be receiving anticoagulation treatment (P<.001). Patients with AL amyloidosis had significantly higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels (P=.02) and were more likely to have nephrotic syndrome (P<.001). Renal infarction was detected in 18 patients (20.7%), at similar frequencies in the various groups. Baseline urinary protein to creatinine ratio was the only parameter for which a significant difference (P=.03) was found between patients with and without RI diagnoses. The likelihood of RI diagnosis was 47.1% (8 of 17) in the presence of AKI and 14.5% (10 of 69) in its absence (P=.003). Overall, heart transplant–censored patient survival did not differ significantly between patients with and without RI (P=.64), but death- and heart transplant–censored renal survival was significantly lower in patients with RI (P<.001).ConclusionOur study suggests that prevalence of RI in patients with cardiac amyloidosis is higher than previously thought, regardless of the underlying amyloidosis disorder. Acute kidney injury in a patient with cardiac amyloidosis should alert clinicians to the possibility of RI.     

彩色多普勒超声对高强度聚焦超声治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的疗效观察

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声观察高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠疗效的价值.方法 分析20例经超声诊断子宫瘢痕妊娠患者HIFU治疗前、治疗后1周、4周的彩色多普勒超声声像图,并对其周边血流阻力指数(RI)及血人绒毛膜促性腺激素(T-HCG)值进行统计分析.结果 14例胚囊型治疗后孕囊塌陷、变形、胚芽未见长大,6例卵黄囊回声稍增强、壁增厚,血流轻度减少;6例包块型治疗后回声先稍增高,而后中央区回声减低,最终表现为稍高回声,血流明显减少.治疗后1周、4周RI均高于治疗前,治疗后4周RI高于治疗后1周(P均＜0.05);但T-HCG在治疗前后差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 彩色多普勒超声对HIFU治疗割宫产术后瘢痕妊娠的疗效观察及随访具有临床价值.     

Three Ways to Improve Arm Function in the Chronic Phase After Stroke by Robotic Priming Combined With Mirror Therapy,Arm Training,and Movement-Oriented Therapy

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of bilateral robotic priming combined with mirror therapy (R-mirr) vs bilateral robotic priming combined with bilateral arm training (R-bilat), relative to the control approach of bilateral robotic priming combined with movement-oriented training (R-mov) in patients with stroke.DesignA single-blind, preliminary, randomized controlled trial.SettingFour outpatient rehabilitation settings.ParticipantsOutpatients with stroke and mild to moderate motor impairment (N=63).InterventionsPatients received 6 weeks of clinic-based R-mirr, R-bilat, or R-mov for 90 min/d, 3 d/wk, plus a transfer package at home for 5 d/wk.Main Outcome MeasuresFugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity subscale (FMA-UE), ABILHAND, and Stroke Impact Scale v3.0 scores before, immediately after, and 3 months after treatment as well as lateral pinch strength and accelerometry before and immediately after treatment.ResultsThe posttest results favored R-mirr over R-bilat and R-mov on the FMA-UE score (P<.05). Follow-up analysis revealed that significant improvement in FMA-UE score was retained at the 3-month follow-up in the R-mirr over R-bilat or R-mov (P<.05). Significant improvements were not observed in the R-mirr over R-bilat and R-mov on other outcomes.ConclusionsBetween-group differences were only detected for the primary outcome, FMA-UE. R-mirr was more effective at enhancing upper limb motor improvement, and the effect has the potential to be maintained at 3 months of follow-up.     

Unilateral vs Bilateral Hybrid Approaches for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of unilateral hybrid therapy (UHT) and bilateral hybrid therapy (BHT) compared with robot-assisted therapy (RT) alone in patients with chronic stroke.DesignA single-blind, randomized controlled trial.SettingFour hospitals.ParticipantsOutpatients with chronic stroke and mild to moderate motor impairment (N=44).InterventionUHT combined unilateral RT (URT) and modified constraint-induced therapy. BHT combined bilateral RT (BRT) and bilateral arm training. The RT group received URT and BRT. The intervention frequency for the 3 groups was 90 min/d 3 d/wk for 6 weeks.Main Outcome MeasuresFugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA, divided into the proximal and distal subscale) and Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) version 3.0 scores before, immediately after, and 3 months after treatment and Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) scale scores before and immediately after treatment.ResultsThe results favored BHT over UHT on the FMA total score and distal score at the posttest (P=.03 and .04) and follow-up (P=.01 and .047) assessment and BHT over RT on the follow-up FMA distal scores (P=.03). At the posttest assessment, the WMFT and SIS scores of the 3 groups improved significantly without between-group differences, and the RT group showed significantly greater improvement in the mobility domain of NEADL compared with the BHT group (P<.01).ConclusionsBHT was more effective for improving upper extremity motor function, particularly distal motor function at follow-up, and individuals in the RT group demonstrated improved functional ambulation post intervention.     

Cardiac Amyloidosis Without Increased Left Ventricular Wall Thickness

ObjectivesTo determine how often left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) is normal and to assess the effect of LVWT on clinical outcomes of patients with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis.Patients and MethodsA total of 117 patients with systemic AL amyloidosis were retrospectively categorized from April 1, 1995, to September 15, 2012; group A included cardiac amyloidosis patients with an LVWT greater than 12 mm (45 patients); group B, cardiac amyloidosis patients with an LVWT of 12 mm or less (25 patients); and group C, no evidence of cardiac amyloidosis (47 patients). We compared echocardiographic parameters and survival rates among the 3 groups.ResultsNo differences were found between groups A and B in the following parameters: left ventricular ejection fraction (median, 56% [interquartile range (IQR), 46%-63%] vs 56% [IQR, 49%-63%], P=.76), left arterial volume index (median, 44.5 [IQR, 38.5-59.7] vs 43.9 [IQR, 33.8-57.1] mL/m², P=.79), eˈ (median, 0.04 [IQR, 0.03-0.05] vs 0.05 [IQR, 0.04-0.06] m/s, P=.10), and E/eˈ (early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E)/eˈ) (median, 18.4 [IQR, 12.0-23.3] vs 18.0 [IQR, 13.6-25.0], P=.98). Patients in group C exhibited significantly different values for these parameters (median, 65% [IQR, 61%-69%], 23.4 [IQR, 18.0-29.0] mL/m², 0.08 [IQR, 0.06-0.09] m/s, and 8.8 [IQR, 7.2-10.5], respectively; all P<.001). The survival rates were statistically different, with median survival times of 422, 729, and 2080 days in groups A, B, and C, respectively (P=.002). Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, we found that age, an N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide level of 1800 pg/mL or greater, E/eˈ, and complete hematologic remission were significant predictors of survival.ConclusionsA third of patients with AL cardiac amyloidosis were diagnosed as having an LVWT of 12 mm or less. Because appropriate therapy can improve the survival of patients with AL cardiac amyloidosis, early detection by sensitive diagnostic methods should be pursued even when LVWT is not increased.     

经鼻内窥镜泪囊鼻腔造口自体组织移植再造泪道的应用解剖

背景:经鼻内窥镜下泪囊鼻腔造口自体组织移植再造泪道术是临床上治疗严重道阻塞的新方法,需要积累临床应用解削学资料.目的:研究泪道的显微外科应用解剖,为经鼻内窥镜泪囊鼻腔造口自体组织移植泪道再造手术提供解剖学依据.设计、时间及单位:2006-07/2007-06在武警总医院眼科实验室完成.材料:经体积分数为10%甲醛防腐处理的成人头颅解剖标本20个,男14个,女6个,共40侧泪道的标本.方法:沿眉弓上缘及枕骨粗隆上10 mm连线水平锯开颅盖,去除脑组织,10%硝酸脱钙1周左右,使标本既不改变形态结构,又能用手术刀切割.正中矢状面切开面颅,切除鼻中隔,暴露鼻腔外侧壁.主要观察指标:泪囊窝的长径和前后径,泪囊窝中1/3部在泪前嵴、泪囊窝骨壁中垂线和泪后嵴的厚度,骨性鼻泪管上口、中部和下口横截面积,泪阜-鼻腔水平距、30°斜距和45°斜距,泪阜到鼻泪管上口距离,泪阜到鼻泪管上口连线与鼻底平面的夹角.结果:泪囊窝的长径为(17.85±1.72)mm,泪囊窝的前后径为(6.74±1.28)mm,深度为(3.09±0.78)mm.泪囊窝中1/3部在泪前嵴、泪囊窝骨壁中垂线和泪后嵴的厚度分别为(4.03±0.89),(0.61±0.36),(0.63±0.24)mm,泪前嵴最厚,泪囊窝骨壁中垂线处和泪后崤均较薄,两者比较差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).骨性鼻泪管上口、中部和下口横截面积分别为(29.04±3.40),(26.19±2.96),(43.50±5.60)mm2,显示中段最为狭窄(P＜0.05).泪阜-鼻腔水平距、30°斜距和45°斜距分别为(17.23±0.70),(14.51±1.72),(17.34±2.38) mm,30°斜距最短,30°斜距和45°斜距比较差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).泪阜到鼻泪管上口距离为(11.86±1.84)mm,泪阜到鼻泪管上口连线与鼻底平面的夹角为(49.9±1.8)°(48.0°～54.0°).结论:泪阜到鼻腔及泪囊的距离和泪阜-鼻泪管上口连线与鼻底平面的夹角对鼻腔外侧壁造口部位选择、隧道的倾斜角度和自体移植组织长短的确定有指导意义.造骨孔应该从泪囊窝中央或中央稍偏后部起始,然后向前和下方扩大,隧道下斜45°角为最佳.全泪道再造所取移植组织的长度应大于21.22 mm.     

甲型H1N1流感肺炎影像学表现

目的 总结甲型H1N1流感肺炎影像学表现,提高对本病的认识。方法 回顾性分析17例确诊甲型H1N1流感肺炎患者胸部X线片及64层螺旋CT检查系列影像学资料。结果 17例甲型H1N1流感肺炎患者均有1次以上胸部计算机X线摄影术(CR)检查,其中8例接受CT检查。17例胸部X线及CT表现均以斑片或大片实变影合并磨玻璃密度影为主要表现。病变累及单侧肺野者4例,占23.53%;双侧肺野均受累者13例,占76.47%;随访病例均有不同程度的纤维化改变。结论 甲型H1N1流感肺炎X线及CT表现具有一定特征性。肺部病变以多叶段分布渗出性改变为其共有表现,病程后期两肺以纤维化表现为主。