老年患者胰十二指肠切除术后胃排空延迟的危险因素

目的探讨老年患者胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后胃排空延迟(DGE)发生的危险因素。方法回顾分析行PD的老年患者156例,通过单因素分析和多因素分析探讨影响DGE发生的危险因素。结果 156例老年患者中,DGE总发生率为30.8%,其中A级11例(7.1%),B级13例(8.3%),C级24例(15.4%)。单因素分析结果显示手术时间(≥420 min)、术中出血量(≥1 000 ml)和术后胰瘘是老年患者PD术后DGE的危险因素(P0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示手术时间(≥420 min)、术中出血量(≥1 000 ml)和术后胰瘘为术后DGE的独立危险因素(P0.05)。其中术中出血量≥1 000 ml(OR=3.937)和术后胰瘘(OR=8.111)是老年患者B、C级DGE的独立危险因素(P0.01)。结论老年患者PD术后具有较高的DGE发生率,明显延长患者住院时间;术中出血较多及术后胰瘘会造成DGE尤其是B、C级DGE的发生率明显增加;术中精细操作,缩短手术时间并尽量减少出血量,有助于减少DGE的发生。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胃排空延迟的发病机制及危险因素

胃排空延迟(DGE)为胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后常见并发症，其发病原因与机制目前国内外尚未完全阐明，但绝大多数患者可在一般对症治疗后痊愈。笔者对PD术后DGE发生的危险因素及病理生理机制进行综述，旨在为临床有效防治PD术后DGE提供参考。     

375例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术后延迟拔管相关因素的回顾性分析

目的:探究急性A型主动脉夹层(AAD)术后延迟拔管的危险因素,为该并发症的早期防治提供相关依据。方法:回顾性分析于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院2015年9月至2021年4月期间,收治的375例AAD患者,分为非延迟拔管组(术后拔管时间≤24 h)和延迟拔管组(术后拔管时间24 h),分析两组患者围术期指标,归纳并总结术后延迟拔管的相关危险因素。结果:AAD患者术后延迟拔管的发生率为35.2%(132/375)。Logistic多元素回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.030,95%CI:1.007～1.053,P=0.011)、自体血小板分离(OR=0.198,95%CI:0.114～0.345,P=0.000)、术中红细胞应用(OR 1.854,95%CI:1.094～3.141,P=0.022)、手术时间(OR=1.481,95%CI:1.220～1.798,P=0.000)、术后血制品应用(冰冻血浆:OR=1.001,95%CI:1.001～1.002,P=0.001;血小板OR=1.365,95%CI:1.077～1.732,P=0.010)是术后延迟拔管的危险因素。结论:高龄、未实施血小板分离、术中输入红细胞、长时间手术、术后输入冰冻血浆和血小板是AAD患者术后延迟拔管的危险因素。早期识别这些危险因素,有助于减少术后延迟拔管的发生率,改善患者预后。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征并原发性高血压患者心血管事件危险因素分析

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)并原发性高血压(EH)发生心血管事件的危险因素。方法:收集213例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征并原发性高血压患者的临床资料,根据是否发生不良心血管事件将患者分为病例组(n=57)和对照组(n=156),对两组患者的临床资料进行单因素分析,多因素logistic回归分析OSAHS并EH发生不良心血管事件的危险因素。结果:57例(26.76%)患者发生不良心血管事件,病例组与对照组在性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、家族遗传病史、饮酒史、血压分级、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、空腹血糖、总胆固醇等方面的差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),logistic多因素回归分析显示,BMI(OR=1.898,95%CI:1.157~13.142,P=0.015)、年龄(OR=4.633,95%CI:0.563~15.236,P=0.042)、AHI(OR=9.789,95%CI:1.795~40.606,P=0.005)、空腹血糖(OR=5.082,95%CI:0.654~10.632,P=0.043)、总胆固醇(P=0.041,95%CI:1.114~87.431OR=10.892)是OSAHS并EH心血管事件发生的独立高危因素。结论:年龄、BMI、AHI、空腹血糖、总胆固醇是OSAHS并EH患者发生心血管事件的独立危险因素,建议对其进行有针对性的干预,以有效降低不良心血管事件的发生率。     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术治疗老年胆总管结石的临床疗效

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗老年胆总管结石的临床疗效及术后并发症的影响因素。方法回顾性分析136例行ERCP治疗的老年胆总管结石患者的临床资料,分析其临床疗效及术后并发症发生的影响因素。结果 136例老年胆总管结石患者经ERCP治疗后,取石成功率和取净率均为100%,住院时间、疼痛缓解时间和抗感染治疗时间方面均较显著。经单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析,括约肌功能障碍(SOD)病史(OR=1.318,95%CI=1.114~4.926)、胰管显影(OR=1.101,95%CI=1.022~2.731)和插管时间>60 min(OR=1.026,95%CI=1.016~3.769)为影响ERCP治疗老年胆总管结石术后并发胰腺炎的主要危险因素;胆道结石病史(OR=1.249,95%CI=1.105~3.621)、胆道中高位梗阻(OR=1.412,95%CI=1.263~4.788)和胆管治疗史(OR=1.281,95%CI=1.051~2.871)为影响ERCP治疗老年胆总管结石术后并发胆道感染的主要危险因素。结论 ERCP治疗老年胆总管结石疗效显著,术后并发症影响因素主要为SOD病史、胰管显影、插管时间、胆道中高位梗阻、胆道结石病史和胆管治疗史。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期红细胞输血危险因素分析

目的:分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)围术期红细胞输血的危险因素并探讨大量输血的相关因素。方法:选取2013年2月至2017年10月在我院接受单纯OPCAB治疗的1 257例患者,根据输血情况分为输血组603例,其中少量输血(≤4 U)471例、大量输血(4 U)132例,未输血组654例。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析与OPCAB围术期红细胞输血及大量输血相关的因素。结果:OPCAB围术期红细胞输血比例为47.97%(603/1 257)。输血组与未输血组患者年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟史、慢性心力衰竭、术前静脉应用儿茶酚胺类药物和硝酸酯类药物的差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI(OR=0.902,95%CI:0.867~0.937,P0.001)、女性(OR=1.562,95%CI:1.344~1.817,P0.001)、年龄(OR=1.025,95%CI:1.007~1.044,P=0.008)、术前静脉应用儿茶酚胺类药物(OR=9.051,95%CI:1.037~78.979,P=0.046)和硝酸酯类药物(OR=1.359,95%CI:1.057~1.747,P=0.017)是OPCAB围术期红细胞输血独立危险因素。BMI(OR=0.875,95%CI:0.819~0.935,P0.001)、年龄(OR=1.031,95%CI:1.005~1.059,P=0.021)、术前静脉应用硝酸酯脂类药物(OR=1.771,95%CI:1.175~2.669,P=0.006)和儿茶酚胺类药物(OR=11.381,95%CI:2.050~63.193,P=0.005)与大量输血独立相关。结论:年龄、女性、低BMI、术前静脉应用硝酸酯类药物或儿茶酚胺类药物是OPCAB围术期红细胞输血危险因素;除女性因素,其余均与大量输血相关。     

原发性硬化性胆管炎患者经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后不良事件发病率及危险因素分析

目的探讨原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)患者行经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后不良事件的发病率及其影响因素。方法选取2009年12月至2013年12月于邢台市第三医院行磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)诊断为PSC并行ERCP的患者共72例,监测并记录术后30 d不良事件的发病情况。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析不良事件的发病率以及相关危险因素。结果全部72例患者中ERCP的成功率为94.4%(68/72),不良事件中胰腺炎和胆道感染的发病率最高(6.94%,4.17%),穿孔的发病率最低(1.38%)。单因素Logistic分析显示行胰管造影、乳头括约肌切开术患者发生不良事件的危险率均高于未进行者(OR=13.642,P=0.017;OR=7.381,P=0.000);导丝进入胰腺和进行胰管造影也增加了不良反应的发病率(OR=8.042,P=0.000;OR=2.651,P=0.032)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示导丝进入胰管(OR=4.547,95%CI:1.076~12.543)、胆道乳头括约肌切开术(OR=5.023,95%CI:2.643~18.321)与ERCP术后不良事件的发病密切相关。结论乳头括约肌切开术、导丝进入胆管可增加PSC患者ERCP术后不良事件的发生风险。     

经皮胆道支架植入术后高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎的发生率及危险因素分析

目的分析经皮肝穿刺胆道支架植入(PTBS)术后高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎的临床特征,探讨其相关危险因素。方法回顾性收集2016年3月—2020年2月于南京医科大学第一附属医院介入放射科收治且接受PTBS治疗的249例恶性胆道梗阻患者的临床资料。根据术后患者有无高淀粉酶血症或急性胰腺炎,将所有患者分为高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎组(n=55)、无高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎组(n=194),并分析其发生率、严重程度及相关危险因素。计量资料两组间比较采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料两组间比较采用χ²检验。将上述单因素分析中P<0.1的因素纳入多因素logistic回归分析,探究PTBS术后高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎的独立危险因素。结果PTBS术后,共55例(22.1%)发生血清淀粉酶异常升高,其中26例(10.4%)诊断为高淀粉酶血症,29例(11.7%)诊断为急性胰腺炎。所有胰腺炎均表现为轻度。多因素logistic回归分析发现,年龄(≤60岁)(OR=2.2,95%CI:1.07~4.52,P=0.033)、碘-125粒子条植入(OR=2.8,95%CI:1.21~6.45,P=0.016)、胆道支架跨乳头释放(OR=6.3,95%CI:2.85~14.05,P<0.001)及术中胰管显影(OR=13.9,95%CI:5.64~34.03,P<0.001)是PTBS术后高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎的危险因素。结论高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎是PTBS术后相对常见的并发症。年龄≤60岁、同期碘粒子条植入、胆道支架跨乳头释放及术中胰管显影是PTBS术后发生高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎的独立风险因素。     

急性A型主动脉夹层患者术后谵妄发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨急性主动脉夹层患者术后谵妄发生的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析173例急性A型主动脉夹层患者的围术期临床资料,其中男151例,女22例,年龄45.4±10.3岁。根据患者术后是否出现谵妄,分为谵妄组与非谵妄组,分析术后谵妄发生的独立危险因素。结果全组出现术后谵妄共72例,发生率为41.6%。单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析显示,深低温停循环时间(OR=11.17,95%CI为2.61~43.08)、术后最低氧合指数(OR=2.86,95%CI为1.43~5.72)、机械通气时间(OR=4.52,95%CI为1.36~15.59)、高钠血症(OR=3.51,95%CI为1.03~8.37)、咪达唑仑用量(OR=1.48,95%CI为1.07~2.04)是Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后谵妄的独立危险因素。结论术后谵妄在Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者术后中有较高的发生率,深低温停循环时间、术后最低氧合指数、咪达唑仑用量、机械通气时间、高钠血症是主动脉夹层患者术后谵妄发生的独立危险因素。     

肝硬化门静脉高压脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成的预测因素分析

目的探讨肝硬化门静脉高压患者接受脾切除断流术后门静脉血栓形成的原因。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2016年8月青岛大学附属医院收治的123例脾切除断流术后患者临床资料,根据术后门静脉血栓发生与否分为血栓组与非血栓组。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验。采用logistic回归模型进行多因素分析,受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)比较影响因素预测价值。结果 37例脾切除断流术后患者发生门静脉血栓,发生率为30.08%。血栓组与非血栓组单因素分析结果显示,术前BMI(t=2.291)、MELD评分(t=1.852)、门静脉直径(t=1.982)、脾静脉直径(t=2.582)、肠系膜上静脉直径(t=2.186)、脾静脉流速(t=2.109)、脾蒂切除方式(χ~2=4.505)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);肝功能Child-Pugh A级患者血栓组与非血栓组比较显示,脾静脉直径、肠系膜上静脉直径、门静脉直径、术前BMI组间差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.347、2.654、2.312、2.187,P值均0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,BMI[比值比(OR)=0.859,95%可信区间(95%CI):0.750~0.983,P=0.027]、脾静脉直径(OR=1.191,95%CI:1.035~1.370,P=0.015)、脾静脉流速(OR=1.125,95%CI:1.004~1.262,P=0.043)、肠系膜上静脉直径(OR=1.202,95%CI:1.001~1.444,P=0.048)、Ⅰ级脾蒂切除(OR=2.815,95%CI:1.056~7.503,P=0.039)是术后门静脉血栓形成的独立危险因素。术前BMI22.54 kg/m2(敏感度75.9%,特异度58.3%)或术前脾静脉直径11.50 mm(敏感度72.7%,特异度62.9%)时,提示脾切除断流术后更容易形成门静脉血栓。结论术前脾静脉直径、BMI与术后门静脉血栓形成有关,针对二者监测可能有助于早期预测门静脉血栓形成。     

Delayed gastric emptying after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A study of the national surgical quality improvement program

BackgroundDelayed gastric emptying (DGE) remains common after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Risk factors for DGE have been difficult to identify due to a lack of a standard definition. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with DGE using a standard definition across a national cohort of patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent PD from 2014 to 2016 within the ACS-NSQIP pancreatectomy-specific module was performed. Multivariable (MV) regression was used to determine perioperative risk factors for DGE.ResultsOf 10,249 patients undergoing PD, 16.6% developed DGE and were older (65.3 vs. 64.3 years), more often male (62.5% vs. 51.9%), overweight/obese (66.7% vs. 61.3%), and American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) class 3 (80.0% vs. 76.0%). Rates of pylorus preservation (41.4% vs. 38.7%) were higher, and median operative time (373 vs. 354 min) longer. On MV analysis, age≥65 years [OR 1.26 (95%CI 1.13–1.41)], male sex [OR 1.54 (95%CI 1.38–1.72), body mass index (BMI) > 30 [OR 1.22 (95%CI 1.06–1.40)], ASA class≥3 [OR 1.24 (95%CI 1.08–1.42)], pylorus preservation [OR 1.08 (95%CI 1.02–1.14)], and longer operative time [OR 1.26 (95%CI 1.13–1.40)] remained associated with DGE. Preoperative chemotherapy was associated with decreased risk of DGE [OR 0.77 (95%CI 0.64–0.93)].ConclusionIn this national, multicenter cohort of patients undergoing PD, 16.6% of patients developed DGE based on a standardized definition. Perioperative factors including age, BMI, ASA class, pylorus preservation, and operative time were associated with increased risk of DGE. Further research is warranted to identify opportunities for prevention via preoperative rehabilitation strategies and treatment.     

Risk scoring system and predictor for clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy

AIM: To establish a scoring system to predict clinicallyrelevant postoperative pancreatic fistula(CR-POPF)after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).METHODS: The clinical records of 921 consecutive patients who underwent PD between 2008 and 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF) was defined and classified by the international study group of pancreatic fistula(ISGPF).We used a logistic regression model to determine the independent risk factors of CR-POPF and developed a scoring system based on the regression coefficient of the logistic regression model. The optimal cut-off value to divide the risk strata was determined by the Youden index. The patients were divided into two groups(low risk and high risk). The independent sample t test was used to detect differences in the means of drain amylase on postoperative day(POD) 1, 2 and 3. The optimal cut-off level of the drain amylase to distinguish CR-POPF from non-clinical POPF in the two risk strata groups was determined using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves.RESULTS: Grade A POPF occurred in 106(11.5%)patients, grade B occurred in 57(6.2%) patients,and grade C occurred in 32(3.5%) patients. A predictive scoring system for CR-POPF(0-6 points) was constructed using the following four factors: 1 point for each body mass index ≥ 28 [odds ratio(OR) = 3.86;95% confidence interval(CI): 1.92-7.75, P = 0.00],soft gland texture(OR = 4.50; 95%CI, 2.53-7.98, P =0.00), and the difference between the blood loss and transfusion in operation ≥ 800 mL(OR = 3.45; 95%CI,1.92-7.75, P = 0.00); and from 0 points for a 5 mm or greater duct diameter to 3 points for a less than 2 mm duct(OR = 8.97; 95%CI: 3.70-21.77, P = 0.00). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of this score was 0.812. A score of 3 points was suggested to be the best cut-off value(Youden index = 0.485). In the low risk group, a drain amylase level ≥ 3600 U/L on POD3 could distinguish CR-POPF from non-clinicalPOPF(the sensitivity and specificity were 75% and85%, respectively). In the high risk group, the best cutoff was a drain amylase level of 1600(the sensitivity and specificity were 77 and 63%, respectively).CONCLUSION: A 6-point scoring system accurately predicted the occurrence of CR-POPF. In addition, a drain amylase level on POD3 might be a predictor of this complication.     

Analysis of risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy

AIM: To explore the morbidity and risk factors of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) following pancreaticoduodenectomy.METHODS: The data from 196 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, performed by different surgeons, in the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army between January 1^st, 2013 and December 31^st, 2013 were retrospectively collected for analysis. The diagnoses of POPF and clinically relevant (CR)-POPF following pancreaticoduodenectomy were judged strictly by the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula Definition. Univariate analysis was performed to analyze the following factors: patient age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum CA19-9 level, history of jaundice, serum albumin level, blood loss volume, pancreatic duct diameter, pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, pancreatic drainage and pancreaticojejunostomy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the main independent risk factors for POPF.RESULTS: POPF occurred in 126 (64.3%) of the patients, and the incidence of CR-POPF was 32.7% (64/196). Patient characteristics of age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum CA19-9 level, history of jaundice, serum albumin level, blood loss volume, pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreaticojejunostomy showed no statistical difference related to the morbidity of POPF or CR-POPF. Pancreatic duct diameter was found to be significantly correlated with POPF rates by univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis, with a pancreatic duct diameter ≤ 3 mm being an independent risk factor for POPF (OR = 0.291; P = 0.000) and CR-POPF (OR = 0.399; P = 0.004). The CR-POPF rate was higher in patients without external pancreatic stenting, which was found to be an independent risk factor for CR-POPF (OR = 0.394; P = 0.012). Among the entire patient series, there were three postoperative deaths, giving a total mortality rate of 1.5% (3/196), and the mortality associated with pancreatic fistula was 2.4% (3/126).CONCLUSION: A pancreatic duct diameter ≤ 3 mm is an independent risk factor for POPF. External stent drainage of pancreatic secretion may reduce CR-POPF mortality and POPF severity.     

Peri-operative risk factors for delayed gastric emptying after a pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background

Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a frequent cause of morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and readmission after a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We sought to evaluate predictive peri-operative factors for DGE after a PD.

Methods

Four hundred and sixteen consecutive patients who underwent a PD at our tertiary referral centre were identified. Univariate and multivariate (MV) logistic regression models were used to assess peri-operative factors associated with the development of clinically significant DGE and a post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF).

Results

DGE occurred in 24% of patients (n = 98) with Grades B and C occurring at 13.5% (n = 55) and 10.5% (n = 43), respectively. Using MV regression, a body mass index (BMI) ≥35 [odds ratio (OR) = 3.19], operating room (OR) length >5.5 h (OR = 2.72) and prophylactic octreotide use (OR = 2.04) were independently associated with an increased risk of DGE. DGE patients had a significantly longer median hospital stay (12 versus 7 days), higher 90-day readmission rates (32% versus 18%) and an increased incidence of a pancreatic fistula (59% versus 27%). When controlling for POPF, only OR length >5.5 h (OR 2.73) remained significantly associated with DGE.

Conclusions

DGE remains a significant cause of morbidity, increased hospital stay and readmission after PD. Our findings suggest patients with a BMI ≥35 or longer OR times have a higher risk of DGE either independently or through the development of POPF. These patients should be considered for possible enteral feeding tube placement along with limited octreotide use to decrease the potential risk and consequences of DGE.     

Early oral feeding after pancreatoduodenectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe effect of early oral feeding (EOF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) upon perioperative complications and outcomes is unknown, therefore the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of EOF on clinical outcomes after PD, such as postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and length of stay (LOS).MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance and assimilated evidence from studies reporting outcomes for patients who received EOF after PD compared to enteral tube feeding (EN) or parenteral nutrition (PN).ResultsFour studies reported outcomes after EOF compared to EN/PN after PD and included 553 patients. Meta-analyses showed no difference in rates of CR-POPF (OR 0.74; 95%CI 0.44–1.24; p = 0.25) or DGE (Grade B/C) (OR 0.83; 95%CI 0.31–2.21; p = 0.70). LOS was significantly shorter in the EOF group compared to the EN/PN group (Mean Difference ?3.40 days; 95% ?6.11-0.70 days; p = 0.01).ConclusionCurrent available evidence suggests that EOF after PD is not associated with increased risk of DGE, does not exacerbate POPF and appears to reduce length of stay.     

增龄与肾功能不全对老年人营养状况的影响

目的评价不同肾功能水平老年患者的营养状态及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2016年9月至2017年2月在南京医科大学第一附属医院老年肾科住院的患者189例。依据微型营养评估简表(MNA-SF)评分结果分为3组:营养正常组(12~14分)、营养不良危险组(8~11分)和营养不良组(0~7分)。比较各组临床资料。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型分别采用t检验或X~2检验比较组间差异。营养不良发生的危险因素采用logistic回归分析。结果 189例患者中,营养不良组10例,占5.3%;营养不良风险组58例,占30.7%;营养正常组121例,占64.0%。与营养正常组相比,营养不良风险组和营养不良组患者的体质量指数(BMI)、白蛋白(ALB)、红细胞计数、血红蛋白(Hb)和淋巴细胞计数百分比均显著降低(P0.05),而营养不良组患者的中性细胞计数百分比显著增加(P0.05)。不同营养状况患者的年龄分布、肾功能及贫血状况差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素回归分析表明,高龄(OR=1.06,95%CI 1.00~1.12)、低估算肾小球滤过率(OR=0.97,95%CI 0.94~1.00)、低BMI(OR=0.76,95%CI0.65~0.87)、低ALB(OR=0.93,95%CI 0.86~0.99)和贫血(OR=2.46,95%CI 1.60~3.32)是患者发生营养不良及营养不良风险的危险因素。结论增龄与肾功能不全可能增加营养不良风险及营养不良的发生率,且营养不良也与患者的BMI、ALB水平及贫血严重程度相关。     

Risk factors and prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula after insulinoma enucleation:a retrospective study from a high-volume center

Background/ObjectivesEnucleation is an effective surgical method to treat pancreatic insulinoma, however, the incidence of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) is high. We aim to investigate the risk factors for CR-POPF which have not been well characterized and develop effective methods to prevent CR-POPF after enucleation.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 161 patients diagnosed with insulinoma from June 2016 to July 2020 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The risk factors for CR-POPF were evaluated and the role of prophylactic pre-operative pancreatic stent to prevent the occurrence of CR-POPF after enucleation of pancreatic insulinoma were explored.ResultsA cohort of 161 insulinoma cases were reviewed. The CT or MRI imaging reports could be tracked in 108 cases. A total of 96 patients underwent surgery, while 81 experienced pancreatic enucleation. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the distance from insulinoma to the main pancreatic duct (MPD) ≤2 mm was an independent risk factor for CR-POPF (p = 0.003, OR = 6.011, 95% Cl 1.852–19.512). The pre-operative pancreatic stent substantially reduced the incidence of CR-POPF in patients with tumor located in proximity to (distance ≤2 mm) the MPD (CR-POPF of the stented group vs the non-stented group: 37.5% vs 71.4%, p = 0.028).ConclusionsThe distance from insulinoma to MPD ≤2 mm is a predictive factor for CR-POPF after enucleation. Pancreatic duct stenting may benefit patients with insulinoma in proximity to the MPD by enabling a lower CR-POPF rate, so it should be considered before the enucleation of the insulinoma in proximity to the MPD (distance ≤2 mm).     

Risk factors of pancreatic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy

AIM: To analyze the risk factors for pancreatic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and to evaluate whether duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy could reduce the risk of pancreatic leakage. METHODS: Sixty-two patients who underwent PD at our hospital between January 2000 and November 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. The primary diseases of the patients included pancreas cancer, ampullary cancer, bile duct cancer, islet cell cancer, duodenal cancer, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cystadenoma, and gastric cancer. Standard PD was performed for 25 cases, PD with extended lymphadenectomy for 27 cases, pylorus-preserving PD for 10 cases. A duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy was performed for patients with a hard pancreas and a dilated pancreatic duct, and a traditional end-to-end invagination pancreaticojejunostomy for patients with a soft pancreas and a non-dilated duct. Patients were divided into two groups according to the incidence of postoperative pancreaticojejunal anastomotic leakage: 10 cases with leakage and 52 cases without leakage. Seven preoperative and six intraoperative risk factors with the potential to affect the incidence of pancreatic leakage were analyzed with SPSS10.0 software. Logistic regression was then used to determine the effect of multiple factors on pancreatic leakage. RESULTS: Of the 62 patients, 10 (16.13%) were identified as having pancreatic leakage after operation. Other major postoperative complications included delayed gastric emptying (eight patients), abdominal bleeding (four patients), abdominal abscess (three patients) and wound infection (two patients). The overall surgical morbidity was 43.5% (27/62). The hospital mortality in this series was 4.84% (3/62), and the mortality associated with pancreatic fistula was 10% (1/10). Sixteen cases underwent duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy and 1 case (1/16, 6.25%) developed postoperative pancreatic leakage, 46 cases underwent invagination pancreaticojejunostomy and 9 cases (9/46, 19.6%) developed postoperative pancreatic leakage. General risk factors including patient age, gender, history of jaundice, preoperative nutrition, pathological diagnosis and the length of postoperative stay were similar in the two groups. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of pancreatic leakage between the patients who received the prophylactic use of octreotide after surgery and the patients who did not undergo somatostatin therapy. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that none of the above factors seemed to be associated with pancreatic fistula. Two intraoperative risk factors, pancreatic duct size and texture of the remnant pancreas, were found to be significantly associated with pancreatic leakage. The incidence of pancreatic leakage was 4.88% in patients with a pancreatic duct size greater than or equal to 3 mm and was 38.1% in those with ducts smaller than 3 mm (P = 0.002). The pancreatic leakage rate was 2.94% in patients with a hard pancreas and was 32.1% in those with a soft pancreas (P = 0.004). Operative time, blood loss and type of resection were similar in the two patient groups. The incidence of pancreatic leakage was 6.25% (1/16) in patients with duct-to-mucosa anastomosis, and was 19.6% (9/46) in those with traditional invagination anastomosis. Although the difference of pancreatic leakage between the two groups was obvious, no statistical significance was found. This may be due to the small number of patients with duct-to-mucosa anastomosis. By further analyzing with multivariate logistic regression, both pancreatic duct size and texture of the remnant pancreas were demonstrated to be independent risk factors (P = 0.007 and 0.017, OR = 11.87 and 15.45). Although anastomotic technique was not a significant factor, pancreatic leakage rate was much less in cases that underwent duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy. CONCLUSION: Pancreatic duct size and texture of the remnant pancreas are risk factors influencing pancreatic leakage after PD. Duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy, as a safe and useful anastomotic technique, can reduce pancreatic leakage rate after PD.     

糖尿病视网膜病变合并糖尿病肾病的危险因素及其预测价值

目的探讨糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)合并糖尿病肾病(DN)的危险因素及预测价值。方法回顾性分析2017年5月至2018年5月南京医科大学附属无锡市人民医院内分泌科收治的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者1 969例,其中糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)合并糖尿病肾病(DN)患者609例,单纯DR患者746例,未并发DN和DR患者614例,比较3组患者的血糖、血压、肝功能和肾功能指标水平,分析DR合并DN的危险因素及预测价值。采用SPSS 18.0统计软件对数据进行分析。组间比较采用单因素方差分析或χ~2检验。多因素logistic回归分析DR合并DN的危险因素。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析因素预测DR合并DN的价值。结果除高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平和左侧颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)外,3组患者其余指标差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示年龄(OR=0.966,95%CI 0.932～1.000; P=0.049)、白蛋白(ALB)(OR=0.872,95%CI 0.837～0.908; P0.001)、服用他汀类药物(OR=0.400,95%CI 0.265～0.606; P0.001)是DR合并DN的保护因素,高血压病程(OR=1.021,95%CI 1.005～1.037; P=0.011)、收缩压(OR=1.018,95%CI 1.007～1.029; P=0.002)、空腹血糖(OR=1.054,95%CI 1.002～1.108; P=0.040)、甘油三酯(OR=1.133,95%CI 1.021～1.256;P=0.019)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR=1.355,95%CI 1.017～1.805; P=0.038)、血尿酸(OR=1.124,95%CI 1.016～1.244;P=0.023)、胱抑素C(OR=2.466,95%CI 1.495～4.068; P0.001)、眼底评分(OR=1.275,95%CI 1.088～1.494; P=0.003)、左室后壁厚度(OR=1.306,95%CI 1.051～1.622; P=0.016)和颈动脉粥样斑块形成(OR=1.578,95%CI 1.051～2.370;P=0.028)为危险因素。ROC曲线分析结果表明胱抑素C预测DR合并DN价值最高,AUC为0.677。结论 T2DM患者DR合并DN的患病率较高,其发生与多种因素相关,其中,胱抑素C预测DR合并DN价值最高。     

血液透析和腹膜透析患者蛋白质能量消耗危险因素分析

目的了解血液透析(HD)和腹膜透析(PD)患者蛋白质能量消耗(PEW)状况,探讨不同透析人群中PEW的相关危险因素。方法纳入2018年12月至2019年6月在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院规律HD患者357例和腹膜透析中心管理的PD患者324例为研究对象,根据国际肾脏营养和代谢学会(ISRNM)的诊断标准调查HD和PD患者PEW发生率,用生物电阻抗法(BIA)、生化检查、人体学测量等方法评估透析患者的营养状况,并进一步分析不同透析人群PEW的危险因素。结果与非PEW患者相比,诊断PEW透析患者人体成分分析指标水分比率(ECW/TBW)、体细胞质量(BCM)、骨骼肌(SMM)差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。HD患者PEW发生率明显低于PD患者,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。对HD患者进行二元Logistic回归分析显示,炎症状态[C反应蛋白(CRP)≥8 mg/L,OR=2.695,95%CI 1.429~5.026]是预测PEW发生的危险因素,而Kt/v(OR=0.182,95%CI 0.062~0.508)是预测HD患者发生PEW的保护性因素。对PD患者进行二元Logistic回归分析显示,高龄(OR=1.04,95%CI 1.021~1.059)、低BMI(OR=0.671,95%CI 0.563~0.794)及低血红蛋白(OR=0.962,0.944~0.979)是PEW发生的危险因素。结论 HD患者PEW发生率低于PD患者,使用人体成分分析可辅助诊断PEW的发生,炎症状态是血液透析患者PEW发生的危险因素,提高透析充分性是血透患者PEW的保护因素。高龄、低BMI及低血红蛋白是腹透患者发生PEW的危险因素。