Relapse of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura caused by influenza A virus infection: a case report

We report a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in remission, who relapsed as a result of an influenza A virus infection. A 41-year-old woman presented with fever elevation, coughing, and generalized petechiae. Her platelet count had decreased to 1 × 10⁹/l. She had been diagnosed with ITP at age 23, and continuous complete remission had followed steroid therapy and splenectomy. Influenza A antigen was positive in her pharyngeal aspirate, and oseltamivir was effective for her symptoms. Findings of a bone marrow smear were typical for ITP. Steroid therapy resulted in a second complete remission. Although the development of ITP caused by influenza infection and a relapse caused by an influenza vaccination have been previously described, a relapse caused by a sporadic infection has never been documented to our knowledge. Physicians should carefully monitor the hematological data of influenza patients, especially those with ITP, even in remission.     

First two patients with ulcerative colitis who developed classical thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura successfully treated with medical therapy and plasma exchange

The association of ulcerative colitis (UC) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is rare. Only one prior patient with these two syndromes has been reported in the literature. In that case, splenectomy and proctectomy were performed to control the symptoms of TTP. We present two patients with UC who developed TTP and were successfully treated with multiple plasma exchanges (PEXs) in conjunction with medical therapy without the necessity for surgical intervention. Acquired TTP may be another extraintestinal autoimmune feature of UC. TTP in association with UC may be refractory to high-dose steroids and PEX, possibly requiring vincristine and splenectomy, as in the one previously reported case, to achieve remission.     

Acute pancreatitis-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A case report

BACKGROUNDThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening but treatable disorder. Acute pancreatitis is a well-described consequence of TTP, but TTP as a consequence of acute pancreatitis is rare.CASE SUMMARYA 32-year-old male developed acute pancreatitis due to a fatty diet and suffered splenectomy 3 years ago due to trauma. From day 4 of his onset of pain the blood examination showed the platelet extremely reduced, bilirubin elevated and creatinine increased. High clinical suspicion of TTP was made and prompt initiation of plasma exchange was given followed intravenous drip methylprednisolone. After 7 sessions of plasm exchange and the laboratory parameters were back to normal and the patient was discharged from the hospital on the 13^th day of admission.CONCLUSIONPatients develop acute pancreatitis with no apparent causes for hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, the possibility of TTP should be considered. Treatments for TTP including plasm exchange should be evaluated as soon as a diagnosis is made.     

Coexistence of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and immune thrombocytopenic purpura in an Asian woman: a case report

A 33-year-old Chinese woman with a history of immune thrombocytopenic purpura presented with heavy menstrual bleeding. She was found to have thrombocytopenia, plasma ADAMTS13 activity of 0%, and positivity for the plasma ADAMTS13 inhibitor. She was diagnosed with the coexistence of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The patient was treated by plasmapheresis, a glucocorticoid, and rituximab. Her platelet level returned to normal, and she was discharged 28 days after admission. The number of plasmapheresis sessions and the timing of rituximab administration may be the key aspects of management of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura who have underlying immune dysfunction caused by diseases such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura.     

抗幽门螺杆菌治疗成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的 对已感染幽门螺杆菌(Hp)的成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者行抗Hp治疗的临床研究.探讨ITP与Hp之间的关系以及抗Hp在ITP治疗中的作用.方法 以"c尿素呼气试验筛选Hp感染的ITP患者,应用奥美拉唑、克拉霉素及羟氨苄青霉素三联治疗Hp,观察血小板计数变化情况.结果 本组26例患者经抗Hp治疗后血小板数有明显上升,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).21例Hp转阴.Hp转阴患者的血小板回升程度较未转阴者更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 抗Hp治疗可提高受Hp感染的ITP患者血小板数量.     

大剂量胸腺肽配合治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床观察

目的观察大剂量胸腺肽配合常规措施治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患者的临床疗效。方法将60例患者随机分为两组,治疗组采用胸腺肽针100 mg/d静脉滴注,同时合并使用常规治疗方法;对照组仅使用常规治疗。结果治疗组有效率为71%,对照组为50%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论大剂量胸腺肽可调节T淋巴细胞功能,间接调节B淋巴细胞,增强机体抵抗力,提高ITP患者的疗效,且无不良反应,是一种治疗ITP安全且有效的方法。     

Endocarditis‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura mimicking preeclampsia: A case report

TTP, Preeclampsia have similar manifestations in pregnancy. Establishing the right diagnosis is essential as the treatment is different. Endocarditis‐induced TTP should be suspected when neurological symptoms, thrombocytopenia are present.     

抗幽门螺旋杆菌感染在特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者的应用研究

目的 观察特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者发生幽门螺旋杆菌(HP)感染的情况,探讨抗HP治疗ITP合并HP感染的应用效果.方法 14C-尿素呼气试验(14C-UBT)检测,68例ITP患者中有40例感染HP,将40例感染者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各20例.治疗组给予根治性抗HP联合糖皮质激素等治疗,对照组未给予抗HP治疗,其它治疗相同.观察两组疗效及复发率,停药后随访1年.结果 68例ITP患者HP的感染率约为58.82%,治疗组总有效率90%,对照组总有效率80%,随访1年治疗组复发2例(10%),对照组复发10例(50%).结论 进行根治性抗HP治疗,加强对ITP患者的护理,做好健康教育,可明显提高疗效,明显降低复发率,减少了住院时间和治疗费用.     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者血小板相关抗体和淋巴细胞亚群的临床观察

目的 检测急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者血小板相关抗体(PAIg)和淋巴细胞亚群,探讨其在特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)免疫发病机制中的作用及临床意义.方法 分别采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和流式细胞术(FCM)检测20例ITP患者及20例健康人外周血中PAIg 和T淋巴细胞表型.结果 ITP患者组PAIg明显高于健康人组(P＜0.01);ITP患者组CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 显著低于健康人组(P＜0.01),CD8 显著高于健康人组(P＜0.01).结论 血小板相关抗体和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化能较好的反映ITP发病的病理机制.     

环孢素联合达那唑治疗难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的疗效观察

目的探讨环孢素A(CSA)联合达那唑治疗难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的临床效果。方法 45例难治性ITP患者随机分为两组,对照组(n=21例)给予长春新碱或环磷酰胺治疗,观察组(n=24例)给予CSA联合达那唑治疗,两组疗程均为3个月。治疗后比较两组疗效及不良反应发生率。结果观察组治疗总有效率(79.2%)明显高于对照组(66.7%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗期间不良反应发生率比较(45.8%vs.47.6%)无显著差异性(P0.05)。结论 CSA联合达那唑治疗难治性ITP疗效显著,安全可靠,值得临床推广应用。     

Recurrent herpes zoster in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with tofacitinib: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUNDTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that is currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Varicella zoster virus reactivation leading to herpes zoster (HZ) is an adverse effect of this drug; however, recurrent HZ at the same site is a rare clinical condition.CASE SUMMARYA 70-year-old female RA patient had undergone 1-year of tofacitinib treatment (10 mg daily). About 1 mo after initiation of oral tofacitinib, she developed blisters on the left flank and abdomen and was diagnosed with HZ; antiviral therapy with acyclovir was resolutory. However, 5 d prior to presentation at our hospital, erythema and blisters with severe pain recurred at the same site. Small clustered blisters and bullous were visible on the left lumbar abdomen and perineum, with a pain score of 8 (visual analogue scale). Antiviral, nutritional supplement, analgesic and other treatments led to healing but over an atypically long period (approximately 26 d, vs approximately 1 wk). HZ is a common and serious adverse reaction of JAK inhibitors, but it rarely recurs. Our patient’s experience of HZ recurrence at the same site, with a wider affected area, more severe pain and longer healing period, is inconsistent with previous reports.CONCLUSIONSame-anatomical site HZ recurrence may occur during oral tofacitinib treatment, with more severe clinical manifestations than in the initial occurrence.