近端指间关节周围胶原沉积症二例

例1,男性,19岁。因双手指间关节对称性肿胀1年半就诊。其于1年半前渐发生双手近端指间关节(PIP)肿胀,无疼痛、活动受限、晨僵、口干、眼干。体检:双手第2、3、4PIP肿胀,为侧面肿胀,未影响到伸侧及掌侧面,无压痛,无活动受限。实验室检查:血常规、尿常规(-)。类风湿因子(RF)(-),血沉3mm/h,C反应蛋白(CRP)<10mg/L,抗核抗体(-)。血清免疫球蛋白:IgG8.51g/L,IgA1.91g/L,IgM0.93g/L,补体C30.93g/L,C40.32g/L。双手X线检查显示:双手诸骨未见异常。诊断为PIP周围胶原沉积症,未予治疗,随访1年无变化。例2,男性,13岁。因双手指间关节对称…     

2型糖尿病患者血清甲状腺激素水平变化的临床研究

将293例2型糖尿病患者根据性别、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及病程分组,行相关生化、甲状腺激素测定。结果 2型糖尿病患者女性较男性HDL、TSH明显增加,FT4明显降低(P<0.05)有统计学意义;HbA1c≤7.5%组与7.5%〈HbA1c〈9.5%组、HbA1c≥9.5%组比较,FT3明显降低(P<0.05);病程≤1年组与〉10年组比较,TSH明显升高(P<0.01),病程≤1年组与〉10年组、≤1年-〈5年组比较,FT3均明显降低(P<0.05);TSH与年龄、病程呈正相关性(P=0.040、0.005,r=0.024、0.057),TSH与HbA1c、性别呈负相关性(P=0.045、0.008,r=-0.093、-0.60),FT3与LDL呈正相关性(P=0.031,r=0.162),T4与TC、HDL呈正相关性(P=0.027、0.011,r=1.921、8.43),FT4与性别、PBG2h、HbA1c呈正相关性(P=0.001、0.024、0.042,r=1.322、0.087、0.16)。结论甲状腺激素水平对2型糖尿病患者病情评估具有重要的临床意义。     

类风湿关节炎患者血脂紊乱特点及与疾病活动的关系

目的探讨类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者血脂紊乱特点及与疾病活动的相关性。方法选择RA患者62例作为研究对象(RA组),年龄、性别匹配的健康体检者46例为对照组。根据疾病是否处于活动期,将RA组分为活动期RA组和非活动期RA组。记录一般情况及传统心血管病危险因素,计算体质指数,测量收缩压、舒张压,检测血清中甘油三酯、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)及红细胞沉降率(ESR)。比较各组血脂、hs-CRP、ESR差异。用Pearson直线相关分析法分析RA患者血脂与hs-CRP、ESR的相关性。结果 RA组体质指数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。血清TC水平活动期RA组、非活动期RA组显著高于对照组(P0.05);血清HDLC水平活动期RA组显著低于非活动期RA组、对照组(P0.01),非活动期RA组显著低于对照组(P0.01);TC/HDLC比值活动期RA组显著高于非活动期RA组、对照组(P0.01),非活动期RA组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。RA患者血清HDLC水平与hs-CRP、ESR呈负相关(r=-0.532,P=0.000;r=-0.508,P=0.000),TC/HDLC与hs-CRP、ESR呈正相关(r=0.321,P=0.001;r=0.246,P=0.030)。结论 RA患者血脂代谢紊乱以HDLC降低为主,活动期RA患者血清HDLC水平显著降低,并与RA疾病活动密切相关。     

气体信号分子硫化氢在油酸致大鼠急性肺损伤中的作用

目的:探讨胱硫脒-γ-裂解酶(cystathionine-γ-lyase,CSE)/硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)系统在急性肺损伤(acute lunginjury,ALI)中的作用。方法:尾静脉注射油酸(oleic acid,OA)制备大鼠ALI模型为OA组,对照组注射等量生理盐水,注射OA前给予硫氢化钠(NaHS)(14μmol/kg)作为NaHS+OA组,单纯给予NaHS(14μmol/kg)作为NaHS组,分别测定血浆及肺组织H2S生成量、CSE活性、3-巯基丙酮酸转硫酶(3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase,MPST)活性、肺组织及血浆中丙二醛(MDA)、共轭二烯(Diene)键含量;并对肺部病变进行评定。结果:与对照组比较,OA组肺组织CSE、MPST活性及H2S浓度呈现下降趋势(P<0.01),血浆H2S浓度升高(P<0.01),血浆及肺组织MDA及Diene键含量升高(P<0.01);与OA组比较,NaHS+OA组血浆及肺组织MDA和Diene键含量明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:内源性CSE/H2S系统参与了OA致大鼠ALI的病理生理过程;给予外源性H2S可以减轻ALI时肺脏脂质过氧化损害。     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值和血小板/淋巴细胞比值与大动脉炎疾病活动性的关联性及其应用价值

目的 评估大动脉炎患者的中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）和血小板/淋巴细胞比值（PLR）水平及其与疾病活动的关联性及其应用价值。 方法 纳入空军军医大学第二附属医院风湿免疫科2013年1月至2019年12月的住院和门诊随访病例55例（大动脉炎组）,对其实验室检查、影像学检查及治疗方法进行分析。选取同时期体检的健康者56例（健康对照组）。对两组间的临床资料进行比较,采用Spearman相关系数评价NLR和PLR与Kerr评分、红细胞沉降率（ESR）和C反应蛋白（CRP）的关系,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线确定大动脉炎疾病活动的界值。 结果 大动脉炎组的NLR和PLR均显著高于健康对照组(2.58 ± 0.15 vs.1.87 ± 0.11,P<0.01;175 ±11 vs.119±4,P<0.01)。NLR与CRP(r = 0.36,P<0.05)和ESR(r = 0.37,P<0.05)呈正相关,与Kerr评分呈负相关(r = ?0.31,P<0.05）。PLR与CRP(r = 0.65,P<0.01)和ESR(r = 0.76,P<0.01)呈正相关。PLR判断大动脉炎的最佳界值为163（灵敏度95%;特异度45%）,ROC曲线下面积为0.706。NLR判断大动脉炎的最佳界值为1.88（灵敏度68%;特异度78%）,ROC曲线下面积为0.726。 结论 NLR和PLR可用于判断大动脉炎患者的疾病活动性。     

MicroRNAs、uPA及MMP-3在骨关节炎患者滑膜组织中的表达及相关性

目的比较MicroRNAs、uPA及MMP-3在骨关节炎(OA)患者与正常关节滑膜中的表达差异,了解其在OA滑膜病变中的作用。方法采用实时定量PCR技术检测miR-27a、miR-140、uPA和MMP-3在33例OA患者与28例正常关节滑膜中的表达水平,并分析其相关关系。结果 OA组miR-27a、miR-140、uPA和MMP-3相对表达量分别为(1.63±0.93)、(0.94±0.60)、(3.52±1.79)和(4.91±1.86),非OA组miR-27a、miR-140、uPA和MMP-3相对表达量分别为(3.34±1.68)、(2.55±1.12)、(1.16±0.65)和(0.84±0.57),组间比较显示miR-27a、miR-140的表达OA组显著低于对照组(P<0.01),而uPA和MMP-3表达OA组明显高于对照组(P<0.01);OA组内各因子之间相关分析显示,miR-27a和uPA呈显著相关关系,相关系数为r=-0.699(P<0.01),miR-140和MMP-3呈显著相关关系,相关系数为r=-0.598(P<0.01);uPA和MMP-3之间也呈相关关系,相关系数为r=0.444(P<0.05)。结论 miRNA-27a、miRNA-140在OA患者滑膜中低表达,二者与在滑膜中呈现高表达的uPA和MMP-3分别呈现显著负相关关系,共同作用于OA滑膜和软骨退变过程。     

高频超声对高尿酸血症患者并发痛风性关节炎的诊断价值

目的探讨高频超声在早期发现高尿酸血症患者痛风性关节炎中的诊断价值。方法高尿酸血症并发痛风性关节炎患者30例,分析其血清尿酸水平与受累的关节数量的相关关系。采用国产彩超Mindray DC-8,常规扫查双手的掌指关节、指间关节及双足的足趾关节(共58个),超声观察有无滑膜增厚、关节腔积液、晶体沉积及骨侵蚀表现。将30例患者按照血清尿酸水平分为3组,第一组:≤600μmol/L;第二组:600μmol/L且800μmol/L;第三组:≥800μmol/L,分别观察每组中受累关节的超声表现情况。结果 30例患者的血清尿酸为440.21～1 027.43μmol/L,平均(680.13±151.77)μmol/L,每例患者受累的关节最少为1个,最多为32个。血清尿酸水平与受累关节数量呈正相关(r=0.942,P0.01)。不同血清尿酸水平的三组中受累关节均有滑膜增厚的表现,发现率为100%;关节腔积液的发现率分别为82.76%、85.27%、92.07%,三组之间比较无统计学差异(P0.05);晶体沉积的发现率分别为27.59%、86.05%、82.93%,第三组与第二组之间比较无统计学差异(P0.05),第二组和第三组分别与第一组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);骨侵蚀的发现率分别为6.90%、51.16%、53.05%,第三组与第二组之间比较无统计学差异(P0.05),第二组和第三组分别与第一组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高频超声可以在血尿酸水平增高的早期通过发现关节滑膜组织的增厚对关节病变进行评估,有利于对痛风性关节炎提供早期的影像学诊断。此外,高频超声还可以观察痛风性关节炎不同阶段的病理改变,有利于监测和评估疾病的治疗效果。     

2型糖尿病住院患者糖化血红蛋白与果糖胺及空腹血糖的相关分析

目的分析住院T2DM患者HbA1c水平与FPG和果糖胺(FRU)之间的相关性。方法选取432例住院T2DM患者,按HbA1c水平分为<6.5%、6.5%～7.5%和>7.5%3组。分析各组HbA1c与FPG、FRU之间的相关性。结果 HbA1c<6.5%组,HbA1c与FPG和FRU之间无相关性(r=0.254,P=0.108;r=-0.032,P=0.884),TG与HbA1c呈正相关(r=0.342,P=0.031);6.5%～7.5%组,HbA1c与FPG和FRU之间无相关性(r=0.153,P=0.151;r=0.167,P=0.132),WHR与HbA1c呈正相关(r=0.230,P=0.035);>7.5%组,HbA1c与FPG和FRU呈正相关(r=0.522,P=0.000;r=0.770,P=0.000)。各年龄段患者(<65岁,65～80岁,>80岁)HbA1c与FPG和FRU之间均呈正相关(r=0.2193～0.2921,P<0.01;r=0.6525～0.7436,P<0.01)。结论住院的HbA1c<7.5%的T2DM患者,FPG、FRU与HbA1c水平无相关性,三指标间的一致性较差。     

整合素相关蛋白与类风湿关节炎疾病活动及骨破坏相关性研究

目的分析整合素相关蛋白(CD47)在RA患者血清中的表达水平, 探讨其与RA疾病活动及骨破坏的相关性。方法收集65例RA患者和25名健康体检者血清及临床资料;通过超声获取RA患者骨破坏七关节超声评分法(US7)评分数值, 根据评分分为低、中、高骨侵蚀组。采用ESLIA法检测RA患者和健康体检者血清CD47、血小板反应蛋白-1(TSP-1)及核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)水平。统计方法采用t检验、单因素方差分析、非参数秩和检验、Pearson或Spearman相关分析、Logistic回归分析等。结果① RA组和健康对照组血清CD47、TSP-1及RANKL水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.01), RA组各指标水平均高于健康对照组。②在RA患者中, 血清CD47与病程(r=0.301, P<0.05)、CRP(r=0.316, P<0.05)、压痛关节数(TJC)(r=0.254, P<0.05)、肿胀关节数(SJC)(r=0.316, P<0.05)、DAS28评分(r=0.255, P<0.05)、RANKL(r=0.252, P<...     

皮疹发热皮肤破溃腹股沟包块

患者男,21岁。因皮疹6个月,左拇趾皮肤破溃伴间断发热3个月于2005-12-28入北京协和医院。患者6个月前无诱因突然出现双肘部伸侧、双手掌指关节(MCP)及近端指间关节(PIP)伸侧、双眼内眦旁皮肤鲜红色红斑,伴瘙痒,其他部位无皮疹;同时出现双膝、双踝、双腕、双肘关节疼痛,无明显红肿,但有双手肿胀、晨僵;伴发热,体温最高为38℃,无寒战、盗汗,无肌痛、肌无力、胸闷、四肢麻木等症状。曾于当地医院查肌酸激酶(CK)236U/L,血沉(ESR)28mm/h,抗核抗体(ANA)( )1∶140,抗双链DNA抗体(抗dsDNA)、抗O(ASO)、类风湿因子(RF)、抗ENA均阴性,肌…     

Relation between Heberden's nodes and distal interphalangeal joint osteophytes and their role as markers of generalised disease

OBJECTIVE—Heberden's nodes are often used as a marker for osteoarthritis (OA). This study examined how often Heberden's nodes and radiological distal interphalangeal (DIP) osteophytes coexist in the same digit and the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predicative value of each for OA at different sites or generalised disease.
METHODS—This was a population-based study of 660 middle aged women taking part in a twin study of OA. Distal interphalangeal osteophytes were defined radiologically and graded on a four point scale (0-3) using a published atlas of individual features. Heberden's nodes were defined by standardised clinical examination. OA in other joints (knees, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints and carpometacarpal (CMC) joints) was defined radiologically using a published atlas.
RESULTS—Poor agreement was observed between a Heberden's node (HN) and a radiological distal interphalangeal osteophyte in the same finger of the same hand (κ statistic (95% CI) = 0.36 (0.33, 0.39)). Although HN and radiological DIP osteophytes had similar sensitivity, the specificity and positive predicative value of DIP osteophytes was considerably higher for detecting knee, CMC, PIP OA, and OA in more than two groups of joints (knee, CMC, and DIP joints).
CONCLUSION—HN are not synonymous with DIP osteophytes. Radiological DIP osteophytes are a better marker of knee and multiple joint OA than HN. HN may still be an imperfect surrogate for hand OA when radiology is impractical, but are not an accurate marker of generalised disease.

Keywords: Heberden's nodes; osteoarthritis; distal interphalangeal joint osteophytes     

Chopstick arthropathy: the Beijing Osteoarthritis Study

OBJECTIVE: Several investigators have speculated that mechanical stress might play an important role in the development of hand osteoarthritis (OA). Chopsticks, used universally as eating utensils in China, increase joint loading in the first through third fingers. We conducted a population-based survey among elderly Chinese individuals living in Beijing, to explore whether chopsticks use is associated with prevalent hand OA. METHODS: We recruited a sample of persons ages 60 years and older, using door-to-door enumeration in randomly selected neighborhoods in Beijing. Subjects answered questions about the hand with which they use chopsticks, handedness, and pincer grip activities. Bilateral posteroanterior hand radiographs were obtained, and each joint was graded according to the Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) scale. We defined a subject as having radiographic OA if at least 1 of his or her hand joints had radiographic OA (K/L score of > or =2). We defined a particular hand group (i.e., distal interphalangeal [DIP] joints, proximal interphalangeal [PIP] joints, or metacarpophalangeal [MCP] joints) as having OA if at least 1 joint of the group had radiographic OA. We calculated the prevalence of OA for each hand joint and, according to the status of chopsticks use, performed a matched analysis to examine the relationship between chopsticks use and the prevalence of hand OA. In the analysis, we excluded persons who reported a previous hand injury. Because most subjects used chopsticks with their dominant hand (a hand they would be expected to use more for all manual tasks), we also performed the analysis among subjects who reported that they had no hand preference when performing other activities and subjects who denied other pincer grip activities. RESULTS: A total of 1,008 men and 1,499 women were assessed. The prevalence ratio for OA of the thumb IP joint in the chopsticks hand was 1.2 (range 1.1-1.4) in men and 1.6 (range 1.4-1.7) in women; the prevalence ratio for OA of the second and third PIP joints was 1.5 (range 1.1-2.2) in men and 1.4 (range 1.2-1.7) in women; and the prevalence ratio for OA of the second and third MCP joints was 1.4 (range 1.2-1.6) in men and 1.4 (range 1.2-1.6) in women. The prevalence ratios in these joints were greater than the ratios in other MCP, PIP, or DIP joints from the same hand that were unlikely to be involved by chopsticks use, especially among women. Similar results were observed when the analyses were limited to ambidextrous subjects and subjects who did not engage in any other pincer grip activities. Thumb IP joint OA affected 26% of the entire population studied, and chopsticks use accounted for 19% of the risk of OA developing in this joint in men and 36% of the risk in women. CONCLUSION: This epidemiologic study investigated the relationship of chopsticks use to hand arthropathy. The results suggest that chopsticks use is associated with an increased prevalence of OA in the IP joint of the thumb, and in the second and third PIP and MCP joints.     

Assessing the prevalence of hand osteoarthritis in epidemiological studies. The reliability of a radiological hand scale

OBJECTIVE: The hands are often involved in the osteoarthritic disease process. A radiological grading scale is presented, derived from a published atlas, to assess the prevalence of hand osteoarthritis (OA) involvement in clinical and epidemiological studies and its reproducibility is studied. METHODS: This hand scale is based on the radiological feature "joint space narrowing", which represents the macromorphological process of cartilage loss. Osteophytes and sclerosis are less important unless seen in conjuction with joint space narrowing. Nine individual joints per hand (four proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP), four distal interphalangeal joints (DIP), first carpometacarpal joint (CMC-1)) are scored dichotomously for the presence of OA. To save time and to increase reliability a severity grading of radiological features is not performed. To determine inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the individual joints and the presence of OA in two separate joint groups (>/= 2 PIP or DIP and at least one CMC-1, used to define "generalised OA" in the ongoing Ulm Osteoarthritis Study) 50 pairs of anteroposterior hand radiographs were read by two investigators twice within one month. The kappa coefficient was calculated to quantify the strength of associations. RESULTS: On average five minutes were needed to score one hand radiograph. Both raters were able to reproduce their own readings in all individual joints and for the presence of OA in two separate joint groups after one month. Reliability was highest for the PIP joints (kappa: 0.56-1. 00) it was slightly lower for the DIP joints (0.38-0.87), for the CMC-1 joints (0.58-0.69) and for OA in two separate joint groups (0. 54). The values for inter-rater agreement were good as well, kappa coefficients ranged from 0.52 to 0.92. CONCLUSION: This grading scale was shown to be reliable within and between readers for all the individual joints as well as for the presence of OA in two separate joint groups. Scoring a limited number of joints dichotomously makes this scale efficient and therefore useful for clinical and epidemiological trials, when dealing with large patient samples.     

Assessment of hand osteoarthritis: correlation between thermographic and radiographic methods

OBJECTIVE: Anatomical stages of digital osteoarthritis (OA) have been characterized radiographically as progressing through sequential phases from normal to osteophyte formation, progressive loss of joint space, joint erosion and joint remodelling. Our study was designed to evaluate a physiological parameter, joint surface temperature, measured with computerized digital infrared thermal imaging, and its association with sequential stages of radiographic OA (rOA). METHODS: Thermograms, radiographs and digital photographs were taken of both hands of 91 subjects with nodal hand OA. Temperature measurements were made on digits 2-5 at distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints (2184 joints in total). We fitted a repeated measures ANCOVA model to analyse the effects of rOA on temperature, with handedness, joint group, digit and NSAID use as covariates. RESULTS: The reliability of the thermoscanning procedure was high (generalizability coefficient 0.899 for two scans performed 3 h apart). The mean joint temperature decreased with increasing rOA severity, defined by the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale. The mean temperature of KL0 joints was significantly different from that of each of the other KL grades (P 相似文献   

Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, chondrocalcinosis and gouty arthritis at age 79

The prevalence of rheumatic diseases was studied in representative subsamples by interview (n = 134), and by physical (n = 89) and radiographic (n = 81) examination in a representative sample of 79-year-olds in G?teborg, Sweden. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (3-8 ARA criteria) was 10%. Radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) was diagnosed in wrists and/or finger joints of 65% of the probands and in knee joints of 14%. The first metacarpophalangeal (MCP I) joint was more frequently involved in males than in females (p less than 0.05). In females palpable enlargement of distal (DIP) and proximal interphalangeal finger joints correlated (p less than 0.01) to radiographic OA. The degree of heavy work in previous occupations was correlated to radiographic OA of DIP II-V in females (p less than 0.05 and of MCP I in males (p less than 0.05) but not to radiographic or clinical OA in knee joints. Symptoms of OA were reported by 6.1% in the knee and in 4.5% in hip joints. The prevalence of chondrocalcinosis averaged 15% (23% of females and 6% of males). Chondrocalcinosis of the hands occurred in 21% of females but in no males. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 15% (women 6%, men 29%), and gouty arthritis was found in one woman.     

Impact of sex, age, body mass index and handedness on finger joint space width in patients with prolonged rheumatoid arthritis using computer-aided joint space analysis

To evaluate the associations between sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and handedness regarding the radiogeometric detectable joint space distances of the finger articulations in patients suffering from a prolonged course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The joint space widths were measured by a new available Computer-aided joint space analysis (CAJSA); 128 patients with RA underwent computerized semi-automated joint space analysis of joint space distances at the metacarpal–phalangeal articulation (JSD–MCP II–V), proximal–interphalangeal joint (JSD–PIP II–V) and distal–interphalangeal joint (JSD–DIP II–V) based on digitally performed radiographs of the hand (Radiogrammetry Kit, Version 1.3.6; Sectra; Sweden). The joint space distance (JSD) of each articulation was expressed as JSD total in millimeter. The patient cohort was differentiated for gender, age, handedness and BMI (BMI < 20; BMI 20–25, BMI > 25). JSD revealed a significant age-related narrowing of 24.8% (JSD–MCP), 22.6% (JSD–PIP) and 28.7% (JSD–DIP) between the ages of 20 and 79. Additionally, males showed a significantly wider JSD compared to the female cohort for all age groups. All JSD-distances were varied between the right and left hand. The JSD–MCP demonstrated significant differences regarding the BMI groups. In contrast to JSD–MCP an effect of the BMI on measurements of JSD–PIP and JSD–DIP could not be observed. These influences must be differentiated from disease-related alterations caused by RA.     

Artrosis interfalángica sintomática y asintomática: un estudio ecográfico

ObjectiveTo date few studies have examined whether ultrasonography can depict morphologic differences in painful and painless osteoarthritis (OA). This study describes and compares the clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of patients with both painful and painless proximal interphalgeal (PIP) and/or distal interphalgeal (DIP) OA.MethodsPatients with PIP and/or DIP OA (ACR criteria) were prospectively recruited. The clinical rheumatologist chose up to 3 painful joints and up to 3 painless symmetric joints in each patient to define 2 cohorts of OA: symptomatic (SG) and asymptomatic (ASG). A conventional postero-anterior hand x ray was performed and read by one rheumatologist following the OARSI atlas, blinded to clinical and sonographic data. Ultrasound (US) was performed by an experienced rheumatologist, blinded to both clinical and radiographic data in joints previously selected by the clinical rheumatologist. US-pathology was assessed as present or absent as defined in previous reports: osteophytes, joint space narrowing, synovitis, intra-articular power doppler signal, intra-articular bony erosion, and visualization of cartilage. Radiographic and ultrasonographic intrareader reliability test was performed.ResultsA total of 50 joints in the SG and ASG were included from 20 right handed women aged 61.85 (46-73) years with PIP and DIP OA diagnosed 6.8 (1-17) years ago. 70% SG joints and ASG were right and left sided respectively. The SG showed significantly more osteophytes, synovitis and non-visualization of joint cartilage. Intrareader radiographic and ultrasonographic agreement was excellent.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that painful PIP and/or DIP OA have more ultrasonographic structural changes and synovitis.     

Clinical and radiographic distribution of structural damage in erosive and nonerosive hand osteoarthritis

Objective

To characterize the clinical and radiographic joint phenotype in erosive hand osteoarthritis (EHOA) and non‐EHOA.

Methods

A total of 446 patients with HOA (233 with EHOA and 213 with non‐EHOA) were evaluated. Demographic (sex and age at disease onset), clinical (body mass index and distribution of nodes), and radiographic features (Kellgren/Lawrence and Kallman's scores obtained from radiographs of both hands) from all patients were recorded.

Results

Patients with EHOA had a significantly earlier disease onset. Clinical and radiographic distribution of structural damage in the distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and first carpometacarpal joints was similar in EHOA and non‐EHOA. EHOA patients showed higher percentages of nodes and more severe radiographic scores; the more severe radiographic score of joints with nodes was due to both osteophytes and joint space narrowing (JSN). A direct correlation between osteophytes and JSN scores was observed. Central erosions (CE) were more prevalent in the DIP joints than in the PIP joints. Gull‐wing pattern of CE was prevalent in the DIP joints, whereas saw‐tooth pattern was prevalent in the PIP joints. Marginal erosions (ME) were present in 100% of EHOA patients and in 80% of non‐EHOA patients. An ordinal correlation between the presence of ME and osteophyte score was found.

Conclusion

We found quantitative, but not topographic, differences in structural damage between EHOA and non‐EHOA. Heberden's nodes, severe radiologic scores, and CE were concentrated in the second, third, and fifth DIP joints of both hands. ME were also present in the majority of non‐EHOA patients.     

Articular hypermobility is a protective factor for hand osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE: Very few studies have evaluated the association of articular hypermobility and radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) in humans. We assessed hypermobility and its relationship to radiographic hand OA in a family-based study. METHODS: A total of 1,043 individuals were enrolled in the multicenter Genetics of Generalized Osteoarthritis study, in which families were required to have 2 siblings with radiographic OA involving >/=3 joints (distributed bilaterally) of the distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), or carpometacarpal (CMC) joint groups, and OA in at least one DIP joint. Radiographic OA was defined as a score of >/=2 on the Kellgren/Lawrence scale in one or more joints within the group. The Beighton criteria for assessment of hypermobility were recorded on a 0-9-point scale. Hypermobility was defined as a Beighton score of >/=4, a threshold generally used to establish a clinical diagnosis of joint laxity. A threshold of >/=2 was also evaluated to assess lesser degrees of hypermobility. The Beighton score for the present was calculated based on clinical examination, and that for the past was based on recall of childhood hypermobility in the first 2 decades of life. The association of hypermobility and radiographic OA of the PIP, CMC, and metacarpophalangeal joints was evaluated in all participants and in men and women separately. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship of hypermobility with radiographic OA in each joint group, after adjusting for age and sex. The association of hypermobility and DIP OA was not evaluated, because evidence of DIP OA was required for study inclusion. RESULTS: Using a threshold Beighton score of 4, 3.7% of individuals were classified as hypermobile based on the present examination, and 7.4% were classified as hypermobile based on the past assessment. A significant negative association between present hypermobility and age was observed. In persons with hypermobility, the odds of OA in PIP joints was lower (for present, odds ratio [OR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.16-0.71; for past, OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.78). Similar results were obtained using a threshold Beighton score of 2. The lower odds of PIP OA with hypermobility were significant after adjusting for sex and age (for present, OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.20-0.94; for past, OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.87). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a joint-protective effect of hypermobility for radiographic OA of PIP joints. In contrast to previous studies showing an association of hypermobility and CMC OA, in this cohort there was no evidence for increased odds of OA in any joint group of the hand in association with articular hypermobility.     

Association of hand and knee osteoarthritis: evidence for a polyarticular disease subset.

OBJECTIVE--To examine the association between hand and knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a community based population. METHODS--Radiographs of 695 participants aged > or = 40 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were read for changes of OA, using Kellgren-Lawrence grade > or = 2 as the case definition. RESULTS--Logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, gender and body mass index, revealed a significant association between OA in the knee and the following joint groups: distal and proximal interphalangeal (DIP, PIP) and Hand2 (OA in two or more hand joint groups) for grade 2-4 and grade 3-4 disease, and the first carpometacarpal (CMC1) joint for grade 3-4 disease. CONCLUSION--There is an association between OA in hand sites and the knee. The strength of the associations increases with increasing disease severity. For the PIP site, there is a trend toward increasing strength of association for increasing numbers of affected joints and bilateral disease.