湖北省黄石市12岁儿童口腔健康状况、行为、态度的系统分析

目的：本研究旨在对湖北省黄石市12岁儿童的口腔健康状况、态度和行为进行系统调查和全面的分析。方法：调查对象为湖北省黄石市城区和农村4所中小学12岁儿童。结果：12岁儿童的恒牙患龋率22．0％，龋均0．40。31％的儿童每天至少刷牙两次以上，17％的学生在一年内拜访过牙医。和居住在农村的学生相比，居住在城市里的学生拥有更积极的口腔保健态度，使用含氟牙膏、每天刷牙两次和在一年内拜访牙医的人数更多。结论：在中小学校应该开展口腔健康教育和口腔保健项目。     

绍兴市中小学教师口腔健康知识及行为调查报告

目的调查绍兴市中小学教师的口腔健康知识和行为。方法采用第3次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案统一问卷,采取分层抽样方法,对719名22～60岁中小学教师进行问卷调查。结果口腔保健行为:每天刷牙2～3次的占84.6%,但每次刷牙时间达3min的仅为12.9%。口腔疾病防治知识知晓率较低,对窝沟封闭可以防龋的知晓率仅为38.7%。就医行为:定期检查治疗的实践率较低,31.7%的教师从未定期进行口腔健康检查,82.1%的教师牙痛后才去看牙医。结论绍兴市中小学教师的口腔卫生习惯和口腔健康知识的掌握水平不够理想,应加强教师口腔健康教育,以促进学校口腔健康教育的开展。     

学校口腔健康教育项目的3年效果评价

目的评价以学校为基础的口腔健康教育项目对武汉市学校儿童、母亲和教师口腔健康的促进作用。方法随机选择武汉市洪山区6所小学(3所试验组,3所对照组)参加WHO以学校为基础的3年口腔健康教育项目。使用SPSS/PC 作统计分析,两组间均数的比较采用独立样本的t检验,采用χ2检验评价不同的比例变化。结果试验组儿童的乳恒牙充填(f/F)构成比显著高于对照组(P<0.01),牙龈出血指数与对照组相比显著降低。试验组中,每天至少刷牙2次的儿童比例增加26%,而对照组增加19%(P<0.05);拜访牙医的次数增加的儿童比例高于对照组儿童(P<0.01)。试验组中,母亲每周帮助孩子清洁牙的比例显著增高(P<0.01)。结论口腔健康教育项目对儿童的牙龈健康状况、口腔健康行为以及母亲和教师的口腔健康知识和态度有积极的促进作用。     

乌鲁木齐中学生口腔健康行为调查报告

目的调查新疆乌鲁木齐中学生对口腔健康知识的认知状况。方法对2105名中学生进行了问卷调查,内容包括口腔健康知识、态度与信念、就医行为、医疗级别等问题。建立SPSS13.0数据库并进行统计学分析。结果关于"口腔疾病对身体健康有无危害"这一问题89.5%的中学生持肯定态度,认为有一定危害。"当得知患有‘虫牙’后的态度"75.5%的中学生认为发现"虫牙"及时去看牙医,54.7%学生认为应该定期到医院进行口腔检查,74.3%的中学生选择综合医院的口腔科,56.2%选择口腔专科诊所,72.5%的中学生认为所选上述医院卫生条件好,70.6%认为质量有保证,57.5%从口腔专科医生获得口腔健康知识。结论乌鲁木齐中学生对口腔健康知识有一定的认识。但还存在一些不足,口腔健康教育工作应通过各种媒体的宣传、口腔医生等多方面的共同努力,使学生建立口腔知识的新观念,早期预防口腔疾病,拥有一副健康的牙牙合系统。     

重庆市12～15岁中学生口腔健康知识、态度、行为的问卷调查分析

目的 对重庆市12~15岁中学生口腔健康知识、态度、行为等情况进行抽样调查并分析,为有针对性地对中学生开展口腔健康指导计划提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样的方法抽取重庆市4个区县（主城区和郊区各2个）12~15岁4个年龄组中学生,通过问卷方式调查其口腔健康知识、态度及行为等方面的情况。全部数据使用Epidata双录入,使用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 共计回收有效问卷3 902份,有良好刷牙习惯的比例为39.7%（1 548人）,平均口腔健康知识正确率为58.9%,平均口腔健康正性态度为88.6%,有就医经历的中学生为54.5%（2 127人）,在学校接受过口腔健康教育的为17.5%（681人）。刷牙习惯存在性别和地区性的差异。结论 重庆市12~15岁中学生口腔健康知识知晓情况和口腔卫生行为有待提高,应加强针对中学生的口腔健康教育和口腔健康行为指导,并加强远郊和农村地区的口腔健康教育工作。     

湖北省黄石市6岁儿童口腔健康状况和行为

目的　了解湖北省黄石市 6岁儿童口腔健康状况和口腔健康行为。方法　调查对象为湖北省黄石市城区和农村 4所小学 5 97名 6岁儿童。结果　 6岁儿童的乳牙患龋率为 73.9% ,龋均 3.36。城市儿童乳牙的患龋率和龋均在统计学上均显著高于农村儿童。在 6岁年龄组中 ,36 %的儿童每天刷牙 2次以上 ,5 9%的儿童每天刷牙 1次。 6 1%的儿童使用氟化牙膏。大约 2 5 %的儿童在过去 1年拜访过牙医 ,5 1%的儿童从来就没有拜访过牙医。结论　在小学应该开展口腔健康教育和口腔保健项目     

江苏省居民口腔健康行为调查

目的:调查江苏省南京市城区、仪征化纤股份有限公司社区和句容农村35~44岁居民的口腔健康行为,并初步分析居民利用口腔卫生服务的因素。方法:采用问卷调查方法由经培训的问卷人员对502名南京等地的居民进行面对面访谈,收集城乡居民的口腔健康行为及相关影响因素。结果:城乡居民在每天刷牙次数、定期更换牙刷、定期洁牙等基本的口腔卫生保健措施方面存在高度显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:城乡居民对口腔健康知识认识仍不足,牙科卫生服务利用较低,并多为口腔疾病症状所致,主动接受口腔预防措施少,口腔健康知识和行为亟待改进。     

1 080名15岁青少年患龋情况及社会-行为危险因素的影响

目的了解湖北省15岁青少年患龋情况和口腔健康行为,评价社会-行为危险因素对青少年患龋情况的影响。方法按照多阶段、分层、等容量、不等比、随机抽样的原则,对湖北省15岁青少年进行调查,临床检查评价青少年患龋的情况,采用问卷调查表收集人群的口腔健康知识、态度和行为。结果湖北省1 080名15岁青少年的龋均和患龋率分别为0.45和24.4％。每天刷牙至少2次和拜访牙医的青少年比例分别是11.4%和33.1%。Logistic回归分析显示,女生患龋的概率是男生的1.70倍;与从未拜访牙医、消耗含糖饮料频率较低的学生相比,拜访牙医、消耗含糖饮料频率较高的青少年患龋几率较高。结论湖北省青少年患龋水平较低,口腔卫生行为较差,性别和消耗含糖饮料是影响湖北省青少年龋病的社会-行为危险因素。     

预防与保健

影响家庭成员口腔卫生服务利用的多因素分析；德阳市成年人的口腔健康知识、态度及行为调查；北京市怀柔区儿童口腔健康状况的调查与分析一怀柔区调节水氟浓度预防龋齿可行性研究；脉冲Nd：YAG激光结合氟化钠对人牙本质、牙骨质人工龋的影响；3～5岁儿童牙菌斑液中氨基酸与龋易感性的关系；……[编者按]     

湖北省宜昌市6～7岁儿童口腔健康行为及其影响因素

目的：研究湖北省宜昌市6—7岁1356名儿童口腔健康行为和社会行为因素之间的关系，为在学校开展口腔健康项目打下基础。方法：采用母亲问卷调查方法收集1356名儿童及其母亲的口腔健康态度、行为以及相关影响因素。结果：40％的儿童每天刷牙两次以上，78％的儿童使用氟化牙膏，大约50％的儿童在过去一年拜访过牙医。影响儿童刷牙行为的因素依次为母亲的刷牙行为、儿童的就诊行为和母亲的文化程度。儿童的就诊行为和母亲的就诊行为、母亲刷牙行为、母亲关于龋病预防的知识及母亲文化程度密切相关。结论：母亲的口腔健康行为和母亲的文化程度影响儿童的口腔健康行为，学校口腔健康教育的开展必须要有母亲的参与。     

Oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of children and adolescents in China

Objectives : A national representative study to describe oral health behaviour, illness behaviour, oral health knowledge and attitudes among 12‐year‐old and 18‐year‐old Chinese, to analyse the oral health behaviour profile of the two age groups in relation to province and urbanisation, and to assess the relative effect of socio‐behavioural risk factors on dental caries experience. Methods : The total number of 4,400 of each age group were selected and data were collected by clinical examinations (WHO criteria) and self‐administered structured questionnaires. Results : 44.4% of the respondents brushed their teeth at least twice a day but only 17% used fluoridated toothpaste. Subjects who saw a dentist during the previous 12 months or two years were 31.3% and 35.3% for 12‐year‐olds and 22.5% and 20.2% for 18‐year‐olds, respectively. Nearly one third (29%) of 12 year‐olds and 40.5% of 18‐year‐olds would visit a dentist in case of signs of caries but only when in pain. Nearly half of the participants (47.2%) had never received any oral health care instruction. Significant variations in oral health practices were found according to province and regular dental care habits were more frequent in urban than in rural areas. The risk of dental caries was high in the case of frequent consumption of sweets and dental caries risk was low for participants with use of fluoridated toothpaste. Conclusion : Systematic community‐oriented oral health promotion programmes are needed to target lifestyles and the needs of children, particularly for those living in rural areas. A prevention‐oriented oral health care policy would seem more advantageous than the present curative approach.     

Oral health care utilization by US rural residents,National Health Interview Survey 1999

OBJECTIVE: To compare the dental care utilization practices of rural and urban residents in the United States. METHODS: Data on dental care utilization from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey for persons 2 years of age and older (n=42, 139) were analyzed by rural/urban status. Percentages and 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated to produce national estimates for having had a visit in the past year, the number of visits, reasons given for last dental visit and for not visiting a dentist, unmet dental needs, and private dental insurance. RESULTS: Rural residents were more likely to report that their last dental visit was because something was "bothering or hurting" (23.3% vs 17.6%) and that they had unmet dental needs (10.1% vs 7.5%). Urban residents were more likely to report having a dental visit in the past year (57.7% vs 66.5%) and having private dental insurance (32.7% vs 37.2%), compared to rural residents. There were no significant differences in most reasons given for not visiting the dentist between rural and urban respondents. CONCLUSION: Dental care utilization characteristics differ between rural and urban residents in the United States, with rural residents tending to underutilize dental care.     

Self-reported dental visits among adults in Benin City, Nigeria

OBJECTIVE: To identify patterns and predictive factors independently associated with self-reported dental visits of adults resident in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 358 adults aged 18-64 years using a closed ended, oral health questionnaire administered by trained interviewers to assess sociodemographic information and factors associated with oral healthcare utilisation. RESULTS: 26% of adults reported having visited a dentist within the previous 12 months, 22% within 12-36 months, 30% over 36 months previously, and 22% had never been to a dentist. 32% visited a dentist for treatment, 22% when in pain, and 2% when referred. Those aged 25-34 years were twice as likely as those aged 18-24 years to have visited a dentist in the past year after adjusting for sex, and employment. Women were twice as likely as men to have visited a dentist within the past 12 months after adjusting for age and employment. CONCLUSION: Being of younger age, female and employed were associated with visiting a dentist in the previous 12 months.     

口腔健康教育对改善中学生维护口腔健康意识的效果评价

目的评价以学校为基础的口腔健康教育改善中学生口腔健康状况的效果。方法将随机抽取的四川省德阳市农村地区2所中学的初一学生按学校分为试验组和对照组,每组200名学生。对试验组学生进行以学校为基础的口腔健康知识教育,同时要求试验组学生在家长的监督下使用含氟牙膏刷牙。对照组不采取任何干预措施。在试验前和1年后对2组学生进行龋病、口腔卫生状况检查,并对口腔健康知识、态度和行为进行问卷调查。结果1年后,与基线相比,试验组的龋均和龋面均无明显变化（P>0.05）,而对照组的龋均和龋面均明显升高（P<0.05）;试验组的简化口腔卫生指数（OHI-S）下降（P<0.05）,而对照组的OHI-S上升（P<0.05）;试验组学生对“使用含氟牙膏能预防蛀牙”和“甜食致龋”的认识增加率高于对照组学生（P<0.05）;试验组学生每天至少刷牙2次、使用含氟牙膏、拜访牙医的增加率高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论以学校为基础的口腔健康教育和使用含氟牙膏的综合口腔卫生项目对促进农村地区中学生口腔健康有积极的作用。     

Influence of perceived provider performance on satisfaction with oral health care among adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To investigate satisfaction with dental care received at the last dental appointment among adolescents and to analyse factors influencing their satisfaction scores. METHOD: A total of 1146 subjects (mean age 15.8 years) attending secondary schools in Kampala (urban, n = 591) and Lira (rural, n = 555) completed structured questionnaires at school in 2001. RESULTS: A total of 63% and 75% of Kampala and Lira students, respectively, reported attendance to dental clinics during the previous 2 years. The corresponding rates of students who confirmed satisfaction with oral health care services received were 73 and 77. In a logistic regression model, the students of Kampala who attended a dentist more than once, had no painful experience at the visit, evaluated their oral condition positively, were satisfied with the dentist's communication and dentist's information, were more likely to be satisfied with the oral health services received (OR = 1.7, 2.2, 4.1, 2.9 and 4.9, respectively). Regarding rural students, being satisfied with oral condition, dentist's communication and dentist's information were associated with higher odds of being satisfied with oral health care services (OR = 2.9, 1.9 and 2.3, respectively). CONCLUSION: Inter-personal interaction with the dentist is a key determinant in establishing satisfaction with dental care among urban as well as rural adolescents.     

广西65-74岁人群口腔健康行为抽样调查

目的：了解广西65-74岁城乡人群口腔卫生行为、口腔卫生服务利用等情况,为广西口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持。方法：对广西壮族自治区65-74岁城乡常住人口430人进行口腔健康问卷抽样调查。结果：广西87.21%的65-74岁老年人每天刷牙,城市为95.33%,农村为79.17%,城市好于农村（P〈0.001）。近半数（48.84%）认为自己牙齿健康状况不好,但绝大部分（88.84%）不愿意主动就医。有46.28%的老人从未看过牙,城、乡分别为17.76%、74.54%,农村高于城市（P〈0.05）。结论：广西部分65-74岁老年人未建立口腔健康行为,大部分老人对自身口腔疾病及危害认识不足,未能充分利用现有的口腔卫生资源,城乡差别较大。     

Utilization of dental services in Southern China.

A population's utilization of dental services is an important parameter in oral health care planning, which has rarely been studied in China. The objectives of this report were to describe the dental service utilization pattern of middle-aged and elderly Chinese and to analyze the influence of selected variables on the use of dental services. A Guangdong Province population of 1,573 35- to 44-year-olds and 1,515 65- to 74-year-olds recruited from urban and rural communities was interviewed in their local dialect. It was found that 23% of the middle-aged and 24% of the elderly subjects had visited a dentist within the preceding year. The two most commonly cited reasons for not having seen a dentist for at least 3 years were: no perceived need, and no serious dental problems. Among subjects who had visited a dentist within 3 years, the 3 most commonly received treatments were: fillings, extractions, and dental prostheses. Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis showed that women, subjects who lived in urban areas, were better educated, were wealthier, and had better oral health knowledge were more likely to be a recent dental service user. In conclusion, dental service utilization among the adult Southern Chinese was found to be low, problem-driven, and influenced by some socio-economic factors.     

城乡3～5岁儿童家庭口腔健康行为与乳牙患龋状况对比观察

目的：探讨城乡3～5岁儿童家庭口腔健康行为与乳牙患龋状况的相关性。方法：采用多阶段、分层、随机抽样的方法,在北京、吉林4个地区幼儿园（城乡各2个）抽取3～5岁儿童共512例,城市儿童268人,农村儿童244人进行乳牙龋病检查,并对受检者的家长进行家庭口腔健康行为问卷。结果：①3～5岁儿童乳牙患龋率为71.23%,龋均4.16;城市儿童乳牙患龋率62.26%,农村81.41%,城乡儿童之间乳牙患龋率具有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。②农村儿童进食甜点心、碳酸饮料、果汁、糖果/巧克力等的频率高于城市。城市儿童开始刷牙时间、频率、用含氟牙膏的比例高于农村。城市家长对儿童定期检查和采取预防措施的人数高于农村。结论：加强对农村儿童家庭口腔健康行为的教育至关重要。