重度先天性上睑下垂的手术治疗

目的分析额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术和异体阔筋膜悬吊术矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的优缺点。方法对重度先天性上睑下垂66例87眼进行手术治疗,其中额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术30例45眼,异体阔筋膜悬吊术36例42眼,分析术后上睑下垂矫正效果、上睑弧度、双重睑成形及暴露性角膜炎发生情况。结果额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术取材方便、复发率较低、上睑弧度匀称;阔筋膜悬吊手术简单、重睑形成良好,但取材困难、复发率稍较高。结论额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术和阔筋膜悬吊术均能有效治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,前者无需特殊材料,术后效果较稳定。     

提上睑肌短缩术矫治重度上睑下垂临床分析

目的 证明提上睑肌短缩术治疗重度上睑下垂的可行性及疗效,并与其他手术方法进行比较,为临床选择合理手术方法提供理论及临床依据。方法 将32例已施行上睑下垂手术的病人按照不同的手术方式分为：提上睑肌短缩术组24例、额肌瓣悬吊术组8例。通过上睑下垂矫正术后上睑缘位置、眼睑闭合程度、上睑迟滞现象及暴露性角膜炎的发生情况,对病人进行至少6个月的随访观察,比较各组的手术疗效。结果 提上睑肌短缩术组治愈率与额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术组差异无统计学意义(P＞().05),其上睑迟滞及其他并发症发生率均低于额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术组(P＜0.05)。结论 对于肌弹性15 mm以上的重度上睑下垂患者,提上睑肌短缩术效果优于额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术的手术方法,能达到既符合眼睑生理功能,又改善美观的效果。     

额肌瓣悬吊术治疗完全性上睑下垂临床观察

目的 观察额肌瓣悬吊术治疗完全性上睑下垂的治疗效果。方法 对18例（21只眼）完全性上睑下垂患者施行额肌瓣悬吊术。平均随访18个月，观察其睑裂高度、上睑弧度、闭眼状态和角膜情况。结果 15例（17只眼）效果理想，3例（4只眼）效果显著，总有效率100％。结论 额肌瓣悬吊术治疗完全性上睑下垂效果良好，并有其独特优势。     

改进的额肌瓣悬吊术矫正儿童先天性上睑下垂

目的评价改进的额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术治疗儿童先天性上睑下垂。方法对35例中重度先天性上睑下垂采用改进的额肌瓣悬吊术。术后观察3～6月。结果眼睑高度正常，上睑弧度自然，无并发症发生。结论改良型额肌瓣悬吊术适用于儿童先天性上睑下垂，其效果优于上睑提肌缩短术及传统额肌瓣悬吊术，能达到矫正畸形及改善外观的效果。     

重度先天性上睑下垂两种悬吊方法的评估

目的分析异体阔筋膜悬吊术和额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的优缺点.方法对56例78眼重度先天性上睑下垂住院病例行手术治疗,其中额肌瓣悬吊术20例(36眼),阔筋膜悬吊术36例(42眼).结果阔筋膜悬吊术的复发率高于额肌瓣术;术后兔眼明显.额肌瓣悬吊术双重睑形成稍差,术中出血较多.结论综合评估矫正重度先天性上睑下垂额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术较优于异体阔筋膜悬吊术.     

封面图片说明

额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术矫治重度上睑下垂手术方法及术后疗效观察(详见文中382～386页),左侧上图为额肌筋膜瓣的浅面,下图为额肌筋膜瓣的深面;中间上图为先天性上睑下垂术前外观像,下图为额肌筋膜瓣悬吊矫治术后外观像,双上睑缘     

改良额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术矫治重度上睑下垂的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨改良额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术矫治重度上睑下垂的临床疗效.设计 回顾性病例系列.研究对象 56例(101眼)重度上睑下垂患者.方法 采用改良额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术,即单一重睑切口,先行分离额肌筋膜瓣后间隙,在直视下分离额肌筋膜瓣前间隙,不剪断额肌筋膜瓣内外角的方法进行矫治.主要指标 术后第一眼位上睑睑缘位置变化.结果 随访观察8～20个月,平均13.6个月.所有患者均获得满意疗效,术后反应较轻.术后并发症包括欠矫6例(10眼),过矫3例(6眼),内翻倒睫2例(2眼).结论 改良额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度上睑下垂疗效满意,安全可靠.     

重度先天性上睑下垂手术治疗及远期疗效观察

目的 探讨重度先天性上睑下垂的手术治疗及远期疗效;方法 本文收集１９８８～１９９５年间本疾病住院患者１２３例１５６眼,其中行“额肌瓣悬吊术”为７８例８４眼,行“筋膜悬吊术”为４５例７２眼,术后随访时间为４～１１年,从而比较这两种手术方式的远期疗效。结果 额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度上睑下垂的成功满意者为７６眼,不满意者为８眼。筋膜悬吊术的成功满意者为４５眼,不满意者为２７眼;结论 对重度先天性上睑下垂应以额肌瓣悬吊术为佳。     

重度先天性上睑下垂术式的评估

目的分析异体阔筋膜悬吊术和额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的效果。方法对56例78眼重度先天性上睑下垂住院病例行手术治疗,其中额肌瓣悬吊术20例36眼,阔筋膜悬吊术36例42眼。结果阔筋膜悬吊术的复发率高于额肌瓣悬吊术,且眼险弧度不易掌握,术后兔眼征明显。额肌瓣悬吊术双重睑形成稍差,术中出血较多。结论综合评估额肌瓣悬吊术,矫正重度先天性上睑下垂较为优势。     

重症上睑下垂额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术临床观察

目的:观察额肌筋膜瓣转移悬吊术治疗重度上睑下垂的效果。方法:对52例72眼重度上睑下垂进行额肌筋膜瓣转移悬吊术治疗。结果:本组52例72眼随访1～6a,2例4眼矫正轻度不足,2例4眼重睑轻度不对称,其余均获得满意疗效,上睑弧度及双重睑自然美观,恢复了上睑功能。仅部分病例早期轻度睑裂闭合不全,无暴露性角膜炎等并发症发生。结论:额肌筋膜瓣转移悬吊术是治疗重度上睑下垂最理想的手术方法,手术中的上睑缘位置高低,额肌缝合睑板的位置是手术成功的关键。     

额肌悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的效果分析

目的 探讨在额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术中,行否睑轮匝肌桥瓣对手术效果的影响.方法 分析2003～2006年接受手术治疗的重度先天性上睑下垂患者,随机分为A组(术中做睑轮匝肌桥瓣)与B组(术中未做睑轮匝肌桥瓣),比较两组术后远期效果.结果 术后6个月比较,A组矫正满意42只眼,矫正良好7只眼,矫正不良2只眼;B组矫正满意51只眼,矫正良好6只眼,矫正不良0只眼,经Ridit检验两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 在额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术中,睑轮匝肌桥瓣对手术效果并无至关重要的作用,相反因其术后较多的产生局部粘连,可能使额肌筋膜瓣的活动性受到一定程度的限制.因此,不主张在该手术中采用睑轮匝肌桥瓣的做法.     

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of ptosis

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The surgical correction of blepharoptosis, both congenital and acquired, has been intensively examined and reported on for many years. This paper reviews recent publications on basic science, evaluation, technique modifications, and innovative materials in the care of ptosis patients. RECENT FINDINGS: The frontalis suspension technique is a commonly performed surgical correction of congenital blepharoptosis, used widely in the repair of ptosis with poor levator function. The repair typically includes using either tissue such as autologous or banked fascia lata or permanent suture material. The procedure involves connecting the motor unit (frontalis muscle) and the upper eyelid. Authors have recently reintroduced the technique of a dynamic frontalis muscle flap tunneled into the eyelid that directly attaches to the tarsal plate.Patients presenting with symptomatic blepharoptosis due to disinsertion or thinning of the levator aponeurosis require surgical repair. Multiple groups have tended toward a minimally invasive approach directed specifically at the levator aponeurotic defect. Proposed advantages of a small eyelid incision (8-13 mm) include less local anesthetic and tissue distortion, less ecchymosis and edema, decreased operative times, a shortened recovery period, and improved surgical results. SUMMARY: Surgical correction of congenital blepharoptosis may be performed with autologous fascia lata, cadaveric allograft, or permanent suture material. The use of a frontalis muscle advancement flap is elegantly designed; however, its role in clinical practice remains to be defined. Advancement of the levator aponeurosis for senile blepharoptosis may be preformed via a minimally invasive small incision approach. Patients benefit with decreased operative time, edema, ecchymosis, and recovery times.     

先天性上睑下垂379例治疗体会

目的 应用不同术式治疗先天性上睑下垂,并对手术效果及其并发症进行评价.方法 自2002年6月至2007年10月间,共收治先大性上睑下垂患者379例(460只眼).其中重度上睑下垂300例(381只眼),中度上睑下垂47例(47只眼),轻度上睑下垂32例(32只眼).行阔筋膜悬吊术196例(246只眼),额肌瓣悬吊术104例(135只眼),提上睑肌缩短术47例(47只眼),提上睑肌腱膜折叠术32例(32只眼).结果 术后满意率为94.6%,好转率为5.0%,总有效率为99.6%.其中阔筋膜悬吊术手术满意率为91.9%,额肌瓣悬吊术满意率为95.5%,提上睑肌缩短术满意率为95.7%,提上睑肌腱膜折叠术满意率为96.9%.手术后有50只眼(10.9%)出现各种并发症,主要有额部血肿、暴露性角膜炎、矫正不全和上穹隆结膜脱垂,经相应处理后均好转.结论 对于提上睑肌无力的重度上睑下垂患者,采取阔筋膜悬吊术或额肌瓣悬吊术治疗,术后重睑自然,远期外观效果较好.提上睑肌力较好的轻度上睑下垂患者宜采取提上睑肌手术,术后重睑弧度自然,并发症少,是较理想的治疗方法.     

先天性上睑下垂379例治疗体会

目的 应用不同术式治疗先天性上睑下垂,并对手术效果及其并发症进行评价.方法 自2002年6月至2007年10月间,共收治先大性上睑下垂患者379例(460只眼).其中重度上睑下垂300例(381只眼),中度上睑下垂47例(47只眼),轻度上睑下垂32例(32只眼).行阔筋膜悬吊术196例(246只眼),额肌瓣悬吊术104例(135只眼),提上睑肌缩短术47例(47只眼),提上睑肌腱膜折叠术32例(32只眼).结果 术后满意率为94.6%,好转率为5.0%,总有效率为99.6%.其中阔筋膜悬吊术手术满意率为91.9%,额肌瓣悬吊术满意率为95.5%,提上睑肌缩短术满意率为95.7%,提上睑肌腱膜折叠术满意率为96.9%.手术后有50只眼(10.9%)出现各种并发症,主要有额部血肿、暴露性角膜炎、矫正不全和上穹隆结膜脱垂,经相应处理后均好转.结论 对于提上睑肌无力的重度上睑下垂患者,采取阔筋膜悬吊术或额肌瓣悬吊术治疗,术后重睑自然,远期外观效果较好.提上睑肌力较好的轻度上睑下垂患者宜采取提上睑肌手术,术后重睑弧度自然,并发症少,是较理想的治疗方法.     

Transconjunctival frontalis suspension (TCFS).

We have devised a frontalis suspension technique originally described in an article entitled, "Transconjunctival frontalis suspension for blepharoptosis" (Trans Am Acad Ophthal Otolaryngol 83:684-92), by Swan and Tongue in 1977. This modified transconjunctival frontalis suspension (TCFS) procedure is described. It has been used at the Oregon Health Sciences University in its original or modified form since 1970. To better understand how this procedure successfully corrects blepharoptosis in patients with poor levator function, a study was undertaken to discern the anatomic relationship of the suspension material to important ocular adnexal structures. The findings are based on gross anatomic dissection and histologic examination of a cadaver eyelid after postmortem transconjunctival fascia lata frontalis suspension. The distal, horizontal limb of the fascia suspends the central portion of the levator aponeurosis in a hammock-type fashion. The two vertical limbs pierce the aponeurosis at the level of Whitnall's ligament and incorporate this ligament. The fascia then exits the orbit through the orbital septum near the arcus marginalis and is incorporated into the frontalis muscle near the junction of the medial one-third and lateral two-thirds of the brow, temporal to the supraorbital neurovascular bundle. This anatomic location is not only relatively easily and safely attained, but also maximizes the principles of more traditional frontalis suspensions while minimizing the effort and surgical manipulation.     

Frontalis muscle flap advancement with a pulley in the levator aponeurosis in patients with complete ptosis and deep-set eyes

PURPOSE: To offer an alternative to frontalis sling techniques to achieve a more horizontal traction vector force with the frontalis muscle flap. The proposed technique avoids malpositions such as pulling the upper eyelid in an anterior plane during maximum opening and ptosis of the eyelashes. METHODS: The technique, performed in 5 patients with complete unilateral ptosis and an absence of levator function, consisted of advancing a flap of frontalis muscle and creating a pulley with the aponeurosis of the levator muscle. Mean follow-up was 12 months. RESULTS: Ptosis was corrected in all 5 patients, with good aesthetic outcome. There were no cases of anterior eyelid advancement, entropion, or eyelash ptosis. The only complication was 1 case of lagophthalmos with corneal erosion. CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary series, the technique was safe and effective for correcting severe blepharoptosis, with good aesthetic and functional results even in patients with deep-set eyes and without the eyelid malpositions that commonly occur in frontalis sling techniques.     

改良式额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术矫正儿童重度先天性上睑下垂

目的：探讨改良式额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术矫治儿童重度上睑下垂的长期临床疗效。

方法：回顾性分析2009-01/2011-12在我科收治的儿童重度上睑下垂患者83例114眼,采用改良式扇形额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术进行矫治,分析术后上睑下垂矫正效果和上睑缘弧度、重睑形成及倒睫、结膜脱垂等并发症发生情况。随访观察5a。

结果：术后第5a,矫正满意和基本矫正者共有84眼(73.7%),部分矫正30眼(26.3%),手术效果满意。术后并发症包括倒睫4眼(3.5%),其中3例3眼上睑内侧1/3灰线处缝牵引缝线牵引1wk后消失,1例1眼行二次手术; 结膜脱垂2眼(1.8%),应用皮质类固醇激素眼药水点眼,加压包扎1wk后结膜脱垂均消失; 术后无1例发生暴露性角膜炎、眼睑外翻、睑球分离、眼睑成角畸形、血肿形成、感染等并发症。术后上睑回退和外侧重睑皱襞消失是长期随访最常见的问题。

结论：改良式额肌腱膜瓣悬吊术矫治儿童重度上睑下垂长期疗效满意,效果持久稳定,安全可靠。     

Blepharoptosis correction with frontalis suspension using a supramid sling: duration of effect

PURPOSE: To investigate the duration of effect after frontalis suspension with a Supramid (S. Jackson, Inc, Alexandria, Virginia) sling. METHOD: We reviewed 81 consecutive patients (40 males, 41 females), aged 6 months to 50 years (mean, 12 years) with upper eyelid blepharoptosis who underwent frontalis suspension with Supramid sling surgery at a major eye center. RESULTS: Fifty patients had unilateral and 31 patients had bilateral blepharoptosis repair. Forty-three (53%) of the 81 patients had postoperative follow-up of 3 to 12 years; all these patients had a recurrence of blepharoptosis to the preoperative level 1 to 18 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Blepharoptosis correction with frontalis suspension with Supramid sling has a temporary effect, and use of this procedure for blepharoptosis correction should be discouraged.     

额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂临床观察

目的:探讨额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的临床效果。方法:采用额肌瓣悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂患者22例27眼。并对术后效果进行随访观察。结果:本组22例27眼,随访3～36mo,除1眼矫正不足外,余均取得良好效果。结论:额肌瓣悬吊术适用于治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,效果确切。