真菌性角膜炎654例感染谱分析

目的 对654例真菌性角膜炎的流行病学特征和实验室检查结果进行分析,以提高临床真菌性角膜炎的诊治效果。方法 对1999年1月至2004年12月间真菌性角膜炎住院患者的人口学特征、疾病危险因素、季节变化、临床特征、实验室结果和治疗策略进行回顾性分析。结果 真菌性角膜炎患者在感染性角膜溃疡住院患者中所占比例最高（61．9％）。角膜损伤（51．4％）特别是植物性物质损伤（25．7％）为最常见的危险因素。真菌性角膜炎的发生率在秋冬季比春夏季更高,并呈逐年递增趋势。氢氧化钾湿片直接镜检法的诊断阳性率为88．7％。分离到的真菌中镰刀菌属最多见（73．3％）。604例（92．4％）患者接受了手术干预,包括穿透性角膜移植399例（66．0％）,板层角膜移植177例（29．3％）。结论 镰刀菌属是真菌性角膜炎中最主要的病原。氢氧化钾湿片直接镜检法以其快速、简便和高特异性值得进一步推广。角膜移植术仍然是治疗严重真菌性角膜炎的最有效方法,建议早期实施。     

Pathogenic analysis of fungal keratitis: a report of 94 cases.

目的 了解海南地区真菌性角膜炎病原菌的种类和构成情况,分析真菌性角膜炎患者的流行病学特征,并指导临床个体化治疗.方法 对2010年3月至2011年2月在我院眼科门诊就诊的94例刮片镜检阳性的真菌性角膜炎患者的病例进行回顾性分析,细菌培养鉴定菌种.结果 海南地区真菌性角膜炎在10～12月份为高发季节,以镰刀菌感染(61例,64.9％)为主,除此之外还有烟曲霉菌(28例,29.8％)、链格孢霉菌(2例,2.1％)、待鉴定菌种(3例,3.2％).结论 真菌性角膜炎是严重的致盲性眼病,应提高对该病的认识和诊断水平,镰刀菌为目前海南地区真菌性角膜炎的主要致病菌.     

外用两性霉素B脂质体治愈茄病镰刀菌所致角膜炎一例报道

真菌性角膜炎是一种少见但严重的感染性角膜病变,具有很高的致盲率,近年来发病率呈上升趋势.镰刀菌属是引起角膜真菌感染常见的致病菌之一.在我国,真菌性角膜炎绝大多数由镰刀菌属所致,其中茄病镰刀菌是最常分离到的致病菌[1].本文报道1例经局部外用两性霉素B脂质体治愈的茄病镰刀菌致真菌性角膜炎的病例.     

外用两性霉素B脂质体治愈茄病镰刀菌所致角膜炎一例报道

真菌性角膜炎是一种少见但严重的感染性角膜病变,具有很高的致盲率,近年来发病率呈上升趋势.镰刀菌属是引起角膜真菌感染常见的致病菌之一.在我国,真菌性角膜炎绝大多数由镰刀菌属所致,其中茄病镰刀菌是最常分离到的致病菌[1].本文报道1例经局部外用两性霉素B脂质体治愈的茄病镰刀菌致真菌性角膜炎的病例.     

94例真菌性角膜炎患者的病原菌临床分析

目的了解海南地区真菌性角膜炎病原菌的种类和构成情况,分析真菌性角膜炎患者的流行病学特征,并指导临床个体化治疗。方法对2010年3月至2011年2月在我院眼科门诊就诊的94例刮片镜检阳性的真菌性角膜炎患者的病例进行回顾性分析,细菌培养鉴定菌种。结果海南地区真菌性角膜炎在10~12月份为高发季节,以镰刀菌感染(61例,64.9%)为主,除此之外还有烟曲霉菌(28例,29.8%)、链格孢霉菌(2例,2.1%)、待鉴定菌种(3例,3.2%)。结论真菌性角膜炎是严重的致盲性眼病,应提高对该病的认识和诊断水平,镰刀菌为目前海南地区真菌性角膜炎的主要致病菌。     

真菌性角膜炎的手术治疗方式及其疗效评价

真菌性角膜炎是一种致盲率非常高的感染性角膜疾病,在我国居感染性角膜炎的首位,占感染性角膜炎的62％。迄今发现70余种真菌可引起角膜感染。在我国真菌性角膜炎致病菌种以曲霉菌和镰刀菌为主,其他尚有白色念珠菌、酵母菌、青霉菌以及头孢霉菌等。农村发病率高于城市,多见于植物外伤后。真菌性角膜炎治疗目前仍以抗真菌药物治疗为主,     

氢氧化钾涂片镜检法诊断真菌性角膜炎的应用

目的探讨氢氧化钾（KOH）涂片镜检法对真菌性角膜炎的诊断价值,了解真菌性角膜炎的病原学特征。方法取58例真菌性角膜炎患者的角膜溃疡标本,作KOH涂片镜检、真菌培养及菌种鉴定。结果 KOH涂片镜检法和真菌培养法的阳性率分别为58.62%（17/29）、52.94%（9/17）,两者的真菌检出率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。9份培养阳性标本中,共分离出3属3种真菌,其中镰刀菌属、暗色孢科真菌、酵母菌分别占35.29%、11.76%、5.88%。结论 KOH涂片镜检法是早期诊断本病的简单、有效方法,镰刀菌和暗色孢科真菌是宁夏地区真菌性角膜炎的主要致病菌。     

胶东半岛地区真菌性角膜炎临床特点

目的了解胶东半岛地区真菌性角膜炎流行病学及临床特点。方法对2009年1月—2013年12月就诊于我院的真菌性角膜炎病人282例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 282例病人中男176例（62.4%）,农民234例（83.0%）,发病的集中年龄为20～60岁。175例有角膜外伤史,其中植物外伤史占60.6%。真菌培养镰刀菌阳性率59.0%（92/156）,占首位。角膜清创、碘酊烧灼联合抗真菌药物治疗有效率42.6%,药物及手术治疗后最终眼球保存率95.7%。结论真菌性角膜炎多发于有角膜外伤的中老年男性农民,致病菌以镰刀菌为主,角膜清创联合抗菌药物治疗可控制早期病情,手术仍是治疗该病的主要手段。     

广东湛江地区真菌性角膜炎病原菌的分离鉴定和分析

目的了解广东湛江地区引起真菌性角膜炎的病原真菌的分布情况. 方法对70例疑患真菌性角膜炎的患者,取病变角膜上皮组织,分别进行真菌直接涂片镜检和真菌培养,并对检查阳性者进行菌种鉴定. 结果70例病眼患者均检出真菌,涂片镜检真菌阳性67份,阳性率为95.7%,真菌培养阳性65份,阳性率92.9%,总一致性为89.6%.检出菌种分属14个属26个种,其中镰刀菌属22株（33.8%）,弯孢霉属20株（30.8%）、曲霉属4株（6.2%）,球孢子菌属4株（6.2%）,其他菌属15株（23.1%）. 结论北热带的广东湛江地区真菌性角膜炎主要致病菌属为镰刀菌属和弯孢霉属,主要菌种以新月弯孢霉最多见.     

真菌性角膜炎12例临床治疗体会

真菌性角膜炎是一种由真菌引起的感染性角膜病变,致盲率极高。常见的致病菌有镰刀菌属、念珠菌属、曲霉菌属、青霉菌属和酵母菌等[1]。收集自2011-2013年共12例真菌性角膜炎患者的资料,将治疗体会报告如下。     

共焦激光角膜显微镜在真菌性角膜炎诊断及治疗中的应用

目的 本研究旨在观察共焦激光角膜显微镜检查真菌性角膜炎及治疗转归的图像特点,探讨共焦激光角膜显微镜在真菌性角膜炎的早期诊断和合理用药中的作用。 方法 2012年4月—2013年4月期间在丽水市人民医院眼科拟诊为真菌性角膜炎的38例(38眼)患者在治疗前同时行角膜刮片、角膜真菌培养及激光角膜共焦显微镜检查,使用那他霉素滴眼液、两性霉素B滴眼液及氟康唑抗真菌治疗,在治疗后7、14、21 d和停药后7 d再次行角膜显微镜检查,观察局部菌丝密度及炎性细胞密度,以此判断治疗效果,并根据检查结果调整治疗方案,治愈后继续随访1个月以观察有无真菌复发。 结果 共焦显微镜在34例患者中查找到菌丝,阳性率达到89.47%,真菌菌丝主要表现为高折光性的丝状物,有分支。显微镜下符合镰刀菌属特点(分支夹角多为90°)的有14例(41.18%);符合霉菌属特点(分支夹角一般为45°)的有10例(29.41%);符合酵母菌特点(表现为瘦长粒状)的有2例(5.88%)。经治疗后31例治愈,治愈率为81.58%,7例好转,无恶化及复发患者,平均病程19 d。经治疗后共焦角膜显微镜可及时观察到病灶中菌丝及炎性细胞数量逐渐减少,治愈后完全消失。 结论 共焦显微镜在真菌性角膜炎的早期诊断、菌种的初步鉴别及动态随访方面具有重要作用,能够为临床用药提供客观依据。      

Changing indications for lamellar keratoplasty in Shandong, 1993–2008

Background With the advancement of microsurgical techniques, lamellar keratoplasty （LK） has been more valued and performed to treat corneal blindness. This study aimed to evaluate the indications and changing trends for LK during the past 16 years in Shandong Eye Institute, an eye center in China. Methods A total of 1529 eyes, predominantly from male （70.7%） patients undergoing LK between January 1993 and December 2008, were enrolled in this study. Data were collected by reviewing patient medical records for demographic characteristics, clinical diagnosis, laboratory findings and risk factors. Surgical times, initial diagnoses and causes of regrafting were recorded. All LKs were sequentially divided into period 1 （from 1993 to 2000） and period 2 （from 2001 to 2008）. Results Rural-dwelling patients in this study numbered 1089 （71.2%）; in all cases of infectious keratitis, rural patients accounted for 90.5%. The leading indications for LK were infectious keratitis （31.0%）, corneal trauma （21.1%）, keratoconus （18.7%）, corneal dystrophy and degeneration （7.3%）, regrafting （7.1%）, immunologic disorders （6.7%）, congenital abnormalities and corneal tumor （4.1%） and corneal scarring （3.1%）. The most common subcategory of infectious keratitis was fungal keratitis （67.5%）. Fusarium solani was the most morbigenous fungi. Among the patients, 73.1% of thermal burns were caused by hot molten metal, and 47.8% of alkali burns by lime. Dermoid was the most common indication for congenital abnormalities. The two main initial diagnoses from 109 regrafting cases were corneal trauma （45.9%） and Mooren＇s ulcer （27.5%）. The most common cause for regrafting was immune rejection （35.8%）. Infectious keratitis was the most common indication for LK from 16.0% in period 1 to 41.1% in period 2, followed by keratoconus （16.8%） and corneal trauma （14.5%）. Conclusions During the past 16 years, there have been major changes in the constituent ratios of leading indications for LK in Shangdong. Infectious keratitis has become the most common indication for LK. Fungal keratitis was the most common subcategory of infectious keratitis.     

穿透性角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的效果观察

①目的 评价穿透性角膜移植（ＰＫＰ）对真菌性角膜溃疡的治疗效果。②方法 对１５例（１５眼）真菌性角膜行ＰＫＰ治疗,取下的病变角膜行细菌和真菌培养,光镜及电镜下行病理组织学检查,并随访。③结果 １５例随访９０～１８０ｄ,１２例植片透明,视力０．０８者１例,０．１～０．４者１１例;其余３例因植片自溶、继发青光眼和眼内炎而失败。光镜检查表现为以真菌菌丝和分生孢子侵入及中性粒细胞浸润为主的广泛化脓性炎症。     

真菌性角膜病在河南地区的流行病学研究

目的 调查河南地区真菌性角膜病的发病情况、流行病学特点、危险因素、主要致病真菌等。为进一步深入细致的基础研究和临床治疗奠定基础。方法 回顾性调查１９９０年７月￣１９９８年１月收入我院病房的２４０例（２４０眼）真菌性角膜病患者。结果 ７年的统计资料表明，真菌性角膜病患病人数呈逐年上升趋势。发病高峰集中在每年的１０￣１２月。中青年患者居多。患病前有明确外伤史（主要是植物外伤史）者占总患病人数的３６％。     

Etiological analysis on ocular fungal infection in the period of 1989-2000

Background This study was to review the distribution and shifting trend of fungal of culture specimens isolated from eyes of patients at the Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Tongren Hospital,Beijing, China.Methods The fungal culture-positive rate, the distribution and change of isolates of 2609 specimens collected in a 12-year period (1989 -2000) were retrospectively analyzed.Results In 775 positive cultures, 707 specimens (91.2%) were from the cornea, 22 (2.8%) from the conjunctiva, 15 (1.9%) from the anterior chamber, 9 (1.2% ) from the vitreous body, 3 (0.4%)from the lacrimal sac, and 19 (2. 5%) from other parts of the eye. The average culture-positive rate was 29. 7%. The ratio of the positive cultures in the first half year (from January to June) to those in the second half (from July to December) was 1:2.1. The main genus cultured was Fusarium sp(58.7%), followed by Aspergirum sp (16. 8% ). The percentage of Fusarium sp was increased from 53. 6% (1989 - 1994 ) to 60.2% (1995 - 2000 ), whereas the percentage of Aspergirum sp was decreased from 22. 3% ( 1989 - 1994) to 15.1% ( 1995 - 2000).Conclusions Fusaruim sp is one of the most predominant pathogens of ocular fungal in fection in northern China and its incidence tends to increase, but that of Aspergirum sp to decrease. It is very important to recognize the distribution and shifting trend of pathogenic fungi in the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of fungal keratitis.     

腐皮镰刀菌和黄曲霉菌感染小鼠角膜的共焦显微镜研究

目的应用激光共焦显微镜活体观察腐皮镰刀菌、黄曲霉菌感染小鼠角膜的过程,为真菌性角膜炎的临床和基础研究提供影像学资料。方法20只C57BL／6小鼠随机分为两组,右眼分别接种腐皮镰刀菌和黄曲霉菌,采用角膜划痕法制作真菌性角膜炎动物模型,在造模后不同时间点行激光共焦显微镜观察。结果激光共焦显微镜图像显示：在感染早期,腐皮镰刀菌表现为短线状或蚯蚓状结构,中期为长而支挺、分支极少的长线状结构,病变部位角膜形态结构破坏明显;黄曲霉菌在早期为短小、弯曲的蠕虫状结构,中期为走行更加弯曲,分支较多呈树枝状或簇状结构,病变部位角膜形态结构消失。后期均未见真菌结构。结论不同菌种感染所致真菌性角膜炎激光共焦显微镜下菌丝有不同的影像学特点,且同一菌种不同时期在角膜组织中菌丝形态也有较大差异。     

Microbial keratitis: aetiological diagnosis and clinical features in patients admitted to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

INTRODUCTION: Corneal ulceration remains one of the major causes of blindness in developing countries, including Malaysia. Our objective is to determine the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, risk factors and the aetiology of microbial keratitis in patients admitted to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). METHODS: All patients with microbial keratitis admitted to our hospital over a 16-month period from January 2004 to April 2005 were included in the study. Sociodemographic data and information pertaining to risk factors were recorded. All patients underwent examination with slit lamp biomicroscopy and corneal scrapings were sent for microbiological diagnosis. RESULTS: 42 patients were included in the study; 26 were male and 16 were female, with mean age of 44.5 (+/- 20.9) years. History of previous corneal trauma was present in 26 (61.9 percent) patients. Central location ulcers were more predominant (69 percent) than peripheral ulcers. Cultures from corneal scrapings were positive in 29 cases (69 percent). Of those individuals with positive cultures, 23 (79.3 percent) had pure bacterial infection, four (13.8 percent) had pure fungal infection and two (6.9 percent) had mixed growth. The most common bacterial pathogen isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (40.5 percent), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.5 percent). Fungal pathogens which were isolated include Fusarium spp. (4.7 percent) and Aspergillus spp. (2.4 percent). CONCLUSION: Central corneal ulceration is a problem among patients presenting with microbial keratitis in HUSM. It often occurs after corneal trauma. These findings have important public health implications for the treatment and prevention of visual morbidity due to an infective cause.