白色念珠菌对四种抗真菌药物敏感性研究分析

目的 研究抗真菌药物对抗白色念珠菌药物的敏感性.方法 回顾性调查分析2005年3月至2007年4月临床送检的各种标本受试菌株共165株,对各组间药物敏感性比较采用卡方检验方法.结果 伊曲康唑、两性霉素-B、氟康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶四种药物之间药物敏感性无显著性差异.结论 四种抗真菌药物对白色念珠菌均具有极高的敏感率,耐药率最高的为伊曲康唑.     

四川地区隐球菌临床分离株基因型和耐药性分析

目的 了解四川地区隐球菌临床分离株基因分型及体外临床常用抗真菌药物敏感性情况.方法 采用针对URA5基因PCR产物的限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法对收集自我校华西医院的92株隐球菌临床分离株进行基因分型;采用E-test法检测临床常用抗真菌药物两性霉素B(AMB)、氟胞嘧啶(FC)、氟康唑(FCA)、伊曲康唑(ITR)和伏立康唑(VRC)对隐球菌分离株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)范围,并计算其MIC50、MIC90.结果 92株隐球菌中,91株为新生隐球菌VN Ⅰ型,1株为格特隐球菌VGⅡ型.5种抗真菌药物对92株隐球菌临床株的MIC值范围、MIC50、MIC90值分别如下:两性霉素B为＜0.002～2 μg/mL0.19 μg/mL和0.75 μg/mL;氟胞嘧啶为0.5～＞32 μg/mL、4μtg/mL和8 μg/mL;氟康唑为0.5～32 μg/mL、3 μg/mL和8 μg/mL;伊曲康唑为0.064～2 μg/mL、0.5 μg/mL和1.5 μg/mL;伏立康唑为0.004～0.19 μg/mL、0.047 μg/mL和0.094 μg/mL.其中3株(3.3％)对两性霉素B耐药,4株(4.3％)对氟胞嘧啶耐药,25株(27.2％)对伊曲康唑耐药,未发现对氟康唑耐药的菌株,所有菌株对伏立康唑敏感.格特隐球菌(1株)对氟胞嘧啶耐药,对氟康唑剂量依赖敏感.不同时间段隐球菌对5种抗真菌药物的MIC值比较,差异均具有统计学意义.随时间推移,两性霉素B及氟胞嘧啶的MIC值有所升高,唑类药物MIC值变化无规律.结论 四川地区隐球菌以新生隐球菌VN Ⅰ型为主,存在格特隐球菌VGⅡ型.除伊曲康唑外,隐球菌对其他抗真菌药物敏感性高,仅少数菌株对两性霉素B及氟胞嘧啶耐药.     

妇科门诊患者阴道真菌感染和抗真菌药物敏感性分析

目的 了解真菌性阴道炎感染的分离菌特点及其对各种抗真菌药物的敏感性,为临床正确合理选用抗真菌药物治疗提供依据。方法 常规分离临床标本,用科玛嘉念珠菌显色板及芽管厚膜孢子试验鉴定菌种,采用ATB Fungus2微量MIC药敏实验试剂盒（法国生物-梅里埃公司）,进行药敏检测。结果 共分离124株真菌,其中白色念珠菌106株占85.4%,光滑念珠菌与克柔氏念珠菌各7株占5.65%,热带念珠菌4株占3.23%。白色念珠菌对两性霉素B的敏感性最高达100%,其次为5-氟胞嘧啶达87%,氟康唑,优立康唑,伊曲康唑依次为57%,56%,38%。光滑念珠菌对两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶、伊曲康唑、氟康唑、优立康唑敏感率依次为100%、100%、71%、57%、57%。克柔氏念珠菌感率依次为100%、100%、71%、57%、71%。热带念珠菌敏感率依次为100%、100%、50%、50%、50%。结论 白色念珠菌仍然是阴道真菌感染主要致病菌。检出的四种真菌对两性霉素B,5-氟胞嘧啶敏感率85%以上,但毒副作用大不建议使用。氟康唑敏感率56%以上,因毒副反应小、抗真菌作用强,成为真菌性阴道炎感染的首选药物。克柔氏念珠菌对伊曲康唑与优立康唑敏感率71%为首选药物。光滑念珠菌对伊曲康唑的敏感率达71%为首选药物。     

110株念珠菌的菌种鉴定及药敏试验

目的:了解我院皮肤、粘膜念珠菌感染的菌种分布及其对两性霉素B、酮康唑、咪康唑、伊曲康唑、氟康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶及特比奈芬的体外敏感性.方法:收集临床110株念珠菌标本,采用科玛嘉显色培养基及API20C鉴定菌种,微量稀释念珠菌药敏试剂板检测其药物敏感性.结果:110株真菌中白色念珠菌94株,热带念珠菌6株,克柔念珠菌4株,光滑念珠菌4株,近平滑念珠菌2株.对酮康唑、咪康唑、伊曲康唑、氟康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶及特比奈芬的耐药率分别为0%、18.28%、1.81%、5.45%、3.63%及94.55%.结论:我院念珠菌感染仍以白念珠菌为主,对常用抗真菌药物呈不同程度的耐药,应建立真菌常规菌种鉴定及药敏试验,指导临床合理用药.     

4种抗真菌药物对马尔尼菲青霉感染体外药敏试验与临床疗效

目的:探究4种抗真菌药物对马尔尼菲青霉感染体外药敏试验与临床疗效。方法:使用E-test法检测6株酵母相马尔尼菲青霉对氟康唑、酮康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B这4种抗真菌药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值。再根据10例马尔尼菲青霉感染患者的临床症状联用或单独使用氟康唑、酮康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B进行治疗,根据患者恢复情况评价这4种抗真菌药物的临床疗效。结果:马尔尼菲青霉感染体外药敏试验检测氟康唑、酮康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B的MIC值范围逐一为1.000～3.500μg/ml,0.015～0.200μg/ml,0.002～0.280μg/ml,0.050～34.000μg/ml。有2株对两性霉素B耐药,有1株对氟康唑耐药。4例局限性马尔尼菲青霉菌病经口服伊曲康唑或酮康唑治疗0.5～1 a后,患者恢复正常;5例播散性马尔尼菲青霉菌病经两性霉素B+氟康唑+伊曲康唑治疗,有3例好转,好转率达60%;有1例马尔尼菲青霉菌病合并HIV感染,经两性霉素B+氟康唑+伊曲康唑治疗,因并发症而导致死亡。结论:酵母相马尔尼菲青霉对酮康唑有很好的敏感性,两性霉素B的耐药菌株最多,降低了其药物的作用。根据患者的病情及早的选用合适的药物配伍治疗方法,可取得很好的疗效。     

Etest法在耳鼻咽喉致病真菌药敏检测中的应用研究

目的：用Etest法研究耳鼻咽喉致病真菌对酮康唑（KE）、伊曲康唑（IT）、5-氟孢嘧啶（FC）、二性霉素B（AP）、氟康唑（FL）5种抗真菌药的敏感性。方法：按瑞典倍肯公司关于Etest检测方法,用上述5种抗真菌药对来自耳鼻咽喉的黄曲霉、烟曲霉及白念珠菌等15种致病真菌进行药敏检测,判定其MIC值,结果：（1）白念珠菌对上述5种抗真菌药均敏感,其中酮康唑及伊曲康唑最敏感;（2）酮康唑、伊曲康唑对黄曲霉、烟曲霉、米曲霉、卡氏枝孢霉、尖端单孢霉、桔青霉及皮癣菌均有敏感性,两药对15种致病真菌的MIC值分别为≤0.008->32mg/L和≤0.006-32mg/L;（3）氟康唑对15种受试菌株中的11株有耐药性,其MIC值≤0.5->32mg/L。结论：（1）Etest法对致病真菌的药敏检测真有先进新颖,操作简便,定值精确,结论可靠,重复性好的优点;（2）酮康唑、伊曲康唑有广谱高效的抗真菌功效,而氟康唑是窄谱的抗真菌药。     

105例念珠菌性包皮龟头炎菌种分析及药敏试验

目的了解念珠菌性包皮龟头炎的菌种分布及菌株对三种常用抗真菌药物的敏感性。方法对所有拟诊患者进行直接镜检和真菌培养。并根据美国国家临床实验室标准化委员会（CLSI）推荐的M27—A液基微量稀释法对部分分离株作伊曲康唑、特比萘芬和氟康唑3种抗真菌药物敏感性测定。结果共分离培养出115株念珠菌,其中单纯感染95例,混合感染10例,所分离的念珠菌中,白念珠菌79株,光滑念珠菌25株,热带念珠菌8株,克柔念珠菌3株。药敏试验显示：40株白念珠菌对伊曲康唑、特比萘芬和氟康唑的平均MIC（最低抑菌浓度）值分别是：0.85μg/ml,1.68μg/ml,4.42μg/ml;而20株光滑念珠菌对伊曲康唑、特比萘芬和氟康唑的平均MIC值分别是：2.34μg/ml,1.73μg/ml,32.32μ/ml。结论白念珠菌仍是念珠菌性包皮龟头炎的首要病原菌,体外药敏试验显示伊曲康唑和氟康唑对白念珠菌引起的念珠菌性包皮龟头炎有很好的敏感性,而特比萘芬对光滑念珠菌引起的念珠菌性包皮龟头炎的敏感性优于伊曲康唑和氟康唑。     

念珠菌感染70例病原菌分类及耐药分析

目的：了解医院念珠菌感染的分布及对常用药物氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B、氟康唑、伊曲康唑的耐药性,为临床治疗提供用药依据。方法：回顾性调查分析2005年7-12月发生医院感染念珠菌70例的临床资料。结果：念珠菌感染70例中,白色念珠菌占61.43%,光滑念珠菌占21.43%,热带念株菌占11.43%,克柔念株菌占5.71%。临床分离念珠菌对4种常用抗真菌药物耐药率依次为：氟胞嘧啶,两性霉素B,氟康唑,伊曲康唑。高危科室分别为呼吸病科、重症监护治疗病房、干部病房。基础病严重、侵入性操作以及抗生素使用不合理等,是造成医院感染的主要危险因素。结论：氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B对念珠菌有极好的抗菌活性,加强对高危科室的管理可防止医院内感染的发生。     

93例泌尿系真菌感染菌群分布及药物敏感试验结果

目的了解近3年泌尿系统感染真菌的检出率、菌种分布及药物敏感试验结果,为临床合理使用抗真菌药物提供依据。方法中段尿真菌培养分离的菌株鉴定,采用ATB Fungus3纸片扩散法测定药敏性。结果共分离到真菌93株,其中白色念珠菌49株（52.7%）、光滑念珠菌27株（29.0%）、热带念珠菌13株（13.9%）,它们对氟康唑的耐药率分别为16.7%、3.8%及23.1%;对伊曲康唑耐药率分别为21.1%、39.1%及33.3%;对氟胞嘧啶耐药率分别为37.8%、20.0%及15.4%;热带念珠菌对两性霉素B耐药率为23.1%,其他真菌对两性霉素B敏感。结论泌尿系感染真菌以白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌及热带念珠菌为主,对三唑类药物敏感性较好,部分热带念珠菌对两性霉素B耐药。     

念珠菌感染菌种的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解本地区2007～2008年念珠菌感染的菌种分布和耐药性情况,为临床抗真菌治疗提供依据。方法收集本地区两家医疗机构两年间临床分离的念珠菌1462株,采用生物梅里埃ATBID32C试条进行念珠菌菌种的分离鉴定,药敏试验采用生物梅里埃ATB-FUNGU30试条对氟康唑、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B等5种抗真菌药物进行测定。结果1462株念珠菌中以白色念珠菌为主,检出682株(59.6%),其他依次为热带念珠菌278株(21.3%),光滑念珠菌135株(9.2%),近平滑念珠菌70株(4.8%),克柔念珠菌27株(1.8%),其他念珠菌46株(3.1%)。念珠菌对伊曲康唑、氟康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B和伏立康唑的耐药率分别为28.9%、10.6%、3.1%、1.5%和0。结论本地区念珠菌感染以白念珠菌为主,对伊曲康唑和氟康唑耐药性较高,对5-氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B和伏立康唑敏感性较高。本地区应建立真菌常规菌种鉴定及药敏试验,指导临床合理用药。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.