射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速11例护理体会

阵发性室上性心动过速是一种阵发性快速而规律的异位心律，临床药物治疗效果不佳，控制不及时者可并发心力衰竭。自1999年以来，我院以射频消融术治疗顽固性室上速患者11例，效果满意。现将护理体会介绍如下。     

射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速疗效观察

目的探讨阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）的射频消融术（RFCA）的治疗效果。方法对130例PSVT者,根据不同类型PSVT分别选择房室结双径路消融或旁路消融,观察RFCA的成功率及并发症。结果130例PSVT均消融成功,有1例出现一过性二度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞（AVB）,1例发生心包填塞。结论RFCA是PSVT的有效根治方法,成功率高,并发症少。     

射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速48例的护理

射频消融术是一种安全有效的根治室上性心动过速的心脏介入疗法，自广泛开展以来，有关术中、术后发生并发症的报道很多，一旦发生并发症，可能会给患者造成难以治愈的后遗症，有时甚至危及患者的生命。因此，加强术前、术中、术后护理，可明显降低手术并发症。现将我们的护理体会报告如下。     

射频消融术治疗阵发性室上性心动过速50例

近年来,我们采用射频消融术（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗预激综合征或房室结双径路引起的阵发性室上性心动过速（ＳＶＴ）５０例。现报告如下。１临床资料５０例ＳＶＴ中,房室结折返性心动过速１３例（男７例、女６例,平均４０±１２．７岁）,房室折返性心动过速３７例（男２３例...     

射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速728例分析

目的　评价射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速的有效性与安全性。方法　射频消融治疗室上速72 8例 ,其中房室折返性心动过速 2 96例 ,房室结内折返性心动过速 4 2 6例 ,两种均有者 6例。结果　消融成功率为 98 6 % ,9例出现较严重并发症 ,16例复发再次消融成功。结论　射频消融术是一种安全、有效的根治室上性心动过速的方法 ,成功率高 ,并发症低。     

射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速的现状与进展

评价射频消融术(RFCA)治疗室上性心动过速的现状与进展。综合国内外近10年RFCA治疗室上性心动过速的资料。RFCA是近年应用于临床与国际接轨较好的引进技术。RFCA是一种安全、有效的根治室上性心动过速的方法,成功率高,并发症低。正逐步用于治疗室上性心动过速、心房颤动等,发展前景广阔。     

射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速192例临床分析

目的对192例阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）病人进行分析,探讨射频消融的治疗效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析192例经导管射频消融治疗PSVT病人的临床资料,其中房室结内折返性心动过速（AVNRT）101例,房室旁道所致房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）81例,房室结双径路合并房室旁道10例。结果房室结双径路111例（单一房室结双径路101例,房室双径路合并房室旁道10例）,其中慢-快型109例,快-慢型1例,慢-慢型1例;房室旁道81例,其中左侧旁道62例,右侧旁道16例,双旁道3例;房室结双径路合并房室旁道10例,旁道共计91条。成功率98.9%,复发率2.1%,近期并发症3.6%。结论射频消融术是一种安全、有效的根治室上性心动过速的方法,成功率高,并发症少。     

基层医院开展射频消融治疗室上性心动过速的体会

目的：总结基层医院开展射频消融(RFCA)治疗阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的经验和教训。方法：对52例PSVT进行射频消融，其中房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)24例，房室折返型心动过速(AVRT)28例，均先行心内电生理检查，寻找最佳靶点进行消融。结果：消融总成功率98％，无1例严重并发症，随访1～20个月无1例复发。结论：基层医院开展射频消融治疗PSVT时充分的人才、技术及设备是提高成功率的关键。     

特发性室性心动过速的射频消融

目的:对经射频消融术证实的特发性室性心动过速的病例进行总结分析,探讨室性心动过速的发病状况、心电图特点、消融靶点的确定及消融结果。方法:对68 例特发性室性心动过速的起源部位和体表心电图进行分析,所有患者在诱发出室性心动过速后进行射频消融治疗,观察特发性室性心动过速的射频消融成功率和复发率以及它们和消融靶点的关系。结果:本组特发性室性心动过速患者中右室室性心动过速较左室室性心动过速多见。右室特发性室性心动过速心电图表现为左束支传导阻滞,左室特发性室性心动过速心电图则多表现为右束支传导阻滞。消融靶点的确定右室特发性室性心动过速主要采用起搏标测法,左室特发性室性心动过速主要采用激动顺序标测法。右室流出道室速组在起搏标测时起搏ECG和VT时ECG的12导联QRS波完全相同处消融成功率较高。结论:室性心动过速发作时的体表心电图可初步估计特发性室性心动过速的起源部位,射频消融术治疗特发性室性心动过速成功率高,并发症少。     

射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速103例

总结不同起源部位特发性室性心动过速(IVT)经导管射频消融(RFCA)治疗的成功经验。103例IVT行RFCA治疗,左室特发性VT(ILVT)起自间隔部者以最早的P电位处为靶点,右室特发性VT(IRVT)和其他部位的IVT均以起搏与VT发作时12导联心电图QRS波形态完全相同处或最早心室激动处为靶点。结果:RFCA治疗IVT的成功率为96.12%,ILVT为92.9%,IRVT为98.4%,复发率为2.9%。IVT起源部位分别位于左室后间隔部32例,左室游离壁1例,左室流出道9例,右室流出道60例、流入道1例。结论:IVTRFCA的关键是消融靶点的标测和确定,可根据VT发作时的心电图表现估计其起源位置。IVT的RFCA成功率高。     

Catheter Ablation for the Treatment of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

Catheter Ablation for PSVT. Radiofrequency catheter ablation has evolved into a front-line curative therapy for patients who have paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia secondary to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, and atrial tachycardia. In patients with accessory pathways, cure rates exceed 90% in almost all anatomic locations. Equally high success rates are noted in patients with atriofascicular pathways and the permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia. Complications secondary to catheter ablation of accessory pathways occur in 1% to 3% of patients and include cardiac perforation, tamponade, AV block, and stroke. In patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, selective slow pathway ablation is curative in over 95% of patients with a very low risk of AV block. Atrial tachycardias originating in both the left and right atria can he successfully ablated in over 80% of patients. Given the overall effectiveness of this procedure, radiofrequency catheter ablation should be considered as front-line therapy in patients with recurrent or drug-refractory paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Although an effective therapy, the risks and benefits of this procedure need to be assessed in all patients who are candidates for this procedure.     

Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia with a Saline-Cooled Radiofrequency Catheter:

INTRODUCTION: In animal models, active cooling of the electrode during radiofrequency (RF) ablation allows creation of larger lesions, presumably by increasing the power that can be delivered without coagulum formation. These RF lesions have not been characterized in human myocardium in regions of infarction and scarring. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cooled-tip RF catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardias (VTs) was performed in two patients who had severe congestive heart failure and subsequently underwent cardiac transplantation. The first patient had four different monomorphic VTs. RF applications along the inferoseptal margin of a scarred region abolished all inducible VTs. The second patient had sarcoidosis involving the myocardium and four different inducible VTs. RF current applied at an inferobasal VT exit and at the right and left septa failed to abolish the VTs. The explanted hearts were examined at the time of cardiac transplantation 18 and 21 days later, respectively. Lesions extended to depths up to 7 mm, reaching clusters of myocardial cells deep to regions of fibrosis. Microscopically, the ablation sites contained coagulation necrosis with hemorrhage, surrounded by a rim of granulation tissue. CONCLUSION: Saline-irrigated RF catheter ablation produces relatively large lesions capable of penetrating deep into scarred myocardium.     

导管射频消融治疗房性心动过速的体会

总结５例房性心动过速的电生理特点，探讨提高导管射频消融成功率的标测与消融方法。男１例、女４例，平时心电图正常，心动过速发作时心室率１５０～２２０ｂｐｍ，ＲＰ＞ＰＲ。大头电极在右房内标测到最早的心房激动点，在心动过速时放电。２例在冠状窦口附近、２例在右房侧壁（双大头法标测）消融成功，靶点局部电位较体表心电图的Ｐ波提前２９ｍｓ以上；１例窦房折返性心动过速，消融失败。结果表明：激动标测是最基本的方法，结合拖带或隐匿性拖带、起搏标测、机械阻断等选择靶点的方法可以提高成功率；适当选择双大头法标测能够缩短手术时间。     

射频导管消融治疗儿童室上性心动过速100例体会

经射频导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗３．５～１４岁儿童阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）１００例，探讨ＲＦＣＡ治疗儿童ＰＳＶＴ的安全性及疗效。１００例中房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）７９例，慢－快型房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）２１例。首次消融成功９６例（９６％）。失败４例均为ＡＶＲＴ。平均Ｘ线曝光时间１９ｍｉｎ。除２例ＡＶＮＲＴ放置导管过程中发生一过性ＩＩ度房室阻滞（ＡＶＢ）外，余术中和术后均无并发症发生。术后随访１个月～４．５年，ＡＶＲＴ复发１例，ＡＶＮＲＴ复发４例（占２１例的１９％），总复发率５％。结论：①ＲＦＣＡ治疗儿童ＰＳＶＴ安全、有效。②因儿童的ＡＶＮＲＴ消融慢径易出现ＡＶＢ且复发率高，应严格掌握手术适应证。③术中Ｘ线曝光时间应＜４０ｍｉｎ。     

射频消融特发性室性心动过速的标测方法初探（附五例分析）

５例特发性室性心动过速（ＶＴ）经射频电流导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）而获治愈。本文从成功的ＲＦＣＡ结果着重探讨特发性ＶＴ兴奋灶的标测方法。心内膜激动时间标测，以局部电图较体表导联ＱＲＳ波时间提前≥１０ｍｓ处定为心室最早激动点（ＥＶＡ），５例平均心室最早激动至ＱＲＳ波起始时间为１８±１１．７ｍｓ，在ＥＶＡ处放电消融仅１例成功。采用起搏标测法定位以略低于自发ＶＴ的频率沿ＥＶＡ上下左右逐点标测，寻找起搏电图至少１１个导联的ＱＲＳ波形态、振幅、极性与自发ＶＴ相同的标测点放电消融，４例均获成功。消融成功的局部电图较ＱＲＳ波平均提前２６±１２．８ｍｓ。结果提示联合应用心内膜激动时间标测和起搏标测并侧重于后者，可能是提高ＲＦＣＡ特发性ＶＴ成功率的一种有效方法。     

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Idiopathic Left Ventricular Tachycardia:

Idiopathic Left Ventricular Tachycardia. Introduction: Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia with a QRS pattern of right bundle branch block and left-axis deviation constitutes a rare but electrophysiologically distinct arrhythmia entity. The underlying mechanism of this tachycardia, however, is still a matter of controversy. This report describes findings in a 42-year-old man who underwent successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia.
Methods and Results: On electrophysiologic study, the tachycardia was reproducibly induced and terminated with double ventricular extrastimuli. Intravenous verapamil terminated the tachycardia whereas adenosine did not. Detailed left ventricular catheter mapping during sinus rhythm revealed a fragmented delayed potential at the mid-apical region of the inferior site near the posterior fascicle of the left bundle branch. At the same site, continuous electrical activity throughout the entire cardiac cycle was recorded during ventricular tachycardia. Repeated spontaneous termination of this continuous electrical activity in late diastole was followed immediately by termination of the tachycardia. Single application of radiofrequency current for 20 seconds at this site completely abolished inducibility of the tachycardia. After catheter ablation, at the identical site of preablation recording of the fractionated potential during sinus rhythm, no fragmented delayed activity could be recorded. There was no complication from the ablation procedure.
Conclusion: The preablation recordings of fragmented delayed potentials during sinus rhythm and continuous diastolic electrical activity during tachycardia, together with ablation characteristics and previously reported electrophysiologic properties of this arrhythmia, may further support microreentry as the underlying mechanism in idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia.     

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Monomorphic VT in HCM. Introduction : Incessant monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) with a right bundle branch block morphology and a northwest axis is a rare arrhythmic complication in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apical left ventricular aneurysm.
Methods and Results : The origin of this VT was localized using the following criteria: the presence of entrainment without fusion, equal internals from the stimulus to the beginning of the QRS complex and from the electrogram to the QRS complex during VT, and the first postpacing interval identical to the tachycardia cycle length. Radiofrequency energy applied to the septoapical part of the apical left ventricular aneurysm terminated the tachycardia within 2 seconds.
Conclusion : Using criteria to guide radiofrequency (RF) ablation of VT in patients with coronary artery disease, an incessant monomorphic VT in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was successfully ablated.     

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia:

Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia. Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) originating from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) is rare. We report two patients whose QRS configuration during VT commonly showed an inferior axis and monophasic R waves in all the precordial leads. The mechanism of these VTs appeared to be triggered activity. From mapping and ablation, the origin of these VTs was determined to be in the most posterior LVOT, corresponding to the aortomitral continuity (left fibrous trigone).