完全腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术

近年来,随着腹腔镜手术技术和器械的发展,完全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术在国内逐渐开展,主要难点问题仍集中于消化道重建。完全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术的消化道重建方式主要有B-Ⅰ式三角吻合,B-Ⅱ式吻合和Roux-en-Y吻合等。B-Ⅰ式三角吻合法操作简便,但较适合于早期胃癌患者;B-Ⅱ式操作简单,但易出现碱性反流性胃炎;Roux-en-Y吻合能有效避免反流,但术后停滞综合征发生率较高,且全腹腔镜下操作繁琐。笔者2013年9月在国内率先开展全腔镜下胃空肠Uncut Roux-en-Y吻合,该方式既保证了肠道的连续性,降低了停滞综合征的发生率,又有效阻断了胆胰液反流至胃肠吻合口,且全腔镜下实施简便、并发症少,安全有效,值得推荐。     

Reconstructive Procedure after Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer that Best Prevents Duodenogastroesophageal Reflux

Billroth I and II reconstructions are commonly performed after distal gastrectomy. Both may cause duodenogastric and duodenogastroesophageal reflux, conditions reported to have carcinogenetic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate which reconstructive procedure would most effectively prevent bile reflux into the gastric remnant and esophagus after distal gastrectomy. A group of 92 patients who underwent curative distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer were subjected and classified into three groups retrospectively by the reconstructive procedure undertaken: group A, Roux-en-Y (Roux-Y) reconstruction (n = 29); group B, Billroth I reconstruction (n = 41); group C, Billroth II reconstruction (n = 22). The bile reflux periods (percent time) for the gastric remnant and esophagus were measured with the Bilitec 2000 under standardized conditions. The percent time for the gastric remnant was significantly less in group A than in group B or C. In 61% of all patients, bile reflux into the esophagus was found to be more than 5.0% of the time; it was less in group A than in group B or C (p = 0.057). A questionnaire revealed a good correlation between the incidence of reflux symptoms and the percent time for the gastric remnant and esophagus. Roux-Y reconstruction is superior to either Billroth I or II reconstruction for preventing bile reflux into the gastric remnant and esophagus after distal gastrectomy.     

Reconstructive procedure after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer that best prevents duodenogastroesophageal reflux

Billroth I and II reconstructions are commonly performed after distal gastrectomy. Both may cause duodenogastric and duodenogastroesophageal reflux, conditions reported to have carcinogenetic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate which reconstructive procedure would most effectively prevent bile reflux into the gastric remnant and esophagus after distal gastrectomy. A group of 92 patients who underwent curative distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer were subjected and classified into three groups retrospectively by the reconstructive procedure undertaken: group A, Roux-en-Y (Roux-Y) reconstruction (n = 29); group B, Billroth I reconstruction (n = 41); group C, Billroth II reconstruction (n = 22). The bile reflux periods (percent time) for the gastric remnant and esophagus were measured with the Bilitec 2000 under standardized conditions. The percent time for the gastric remnant was significantly less in group A than in group B or C. In 61% of all patients, bile reflux into the esophagus was found to be more than 5.0% of the time; it was less in group A than in group B or C (p = 0.057). A questionnaire revealed a good correlation between the incidence of reflux symptoms and the percent time for the gastric remnant and esophagus. Roux-Y reconstruction is superior to either Billroth I or II reconstruction for preventing bile reflux into the gastric remnant and esophagus after distal gastrectomy.     

腹腔镜胃癌手术的消化道重建

近年来。腹腔镜胃癌手术在中国发展迅速,手术步骤包含足够范围的胃切除、合理的淋巴清扫和消化道重建3部分．其中消化道重建是腹腔镜胃癌手术的关键。腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术常用的消化道重建方式有胃十二指肠吻合（毕Ⅰ式）、胃空肠吻合（毕Ⅱ式）和胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合：腹腔镜根治性全胃切除术的消化道重建方式首推食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合：腹腔镜近端胃癌根治术的消化道重建方式主要是食管胃吻合．食管-管状胃吻合能有效降低反流性食管炎的发生率。小切口辅助下消化道重建费用较低、易于掌握、适合国情、值得推荐。     

非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合与BillrothⅡ式吻合在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中比较的meta分析

目的:系统评价非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合术与BillrothⅡ式吻合术在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的临床疗效。方法:检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、CBM、VIP、CNKI及万方数据等数据库,收集国内外公开发表的关于两种消化道重建方式在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中对比的临床研究,检索时限为建库至2019年10月。对纳入的文献进行资料提取与质量评价,应用RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果:最终纳入9项研究,共900例患者。meta分析结果显示,在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中应用非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合术后排气时间、首次进流质饮食时间及住院时间短(WMD=-0.29,95%CI-0.44^-0.13,P=0.0002;WMD=-0.41,95%CI-0.66^-0.15,P=0.002;WMD=-0.85,95%CI-1.23^-0.47,P<0.00001),术后近期胃排空障碍、远期胆汁反流及反流性胃炎发生率较低(OR=0.41,95%CI 0.19~0.88,P=0.02;OR=0.06,95%CI 0.02~0.19,P<0.00001;OR=0.14,95%CI 0.05~0.42,P=0.0003),两组手术时间、术中消化道重建时间、术中出血量及远期营养状况差异无统计学意义。结论:腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中应用非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合术是安全、可行的,具有较好的近、远期临床疗效,可有效降低术后近期胃排空障碍、远期胆汁反流及反流性胃炎发生率,临床应用具有一定优势。     

Effect of semifundoplication with subtotal gastrectomy for prevention of postoperative gastroesophageal reflux

BACKGROUND: Postgastrectomy patients often experience reflux esophagitis and a compromised quality of life. We hypothesized that reconstructive methods with antireflux procedures at operation should prevent reflux esophagitis and improve the likelihood of a better quality of life in patients after distal gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. Our antireflux procedure was a subdiaphragmatic semifundoplication. We aim to substantiate, with objective arguments, potential advantages of Billroth I simple reconstruction versus Billroth I with semifundoplication. STUDY DESIGN: This study evaluated 60 patients who had Billroth I reconstruction with semifundoplication (30 patients; F group) and simple Billroth I reconstruction (30 patients; B group) after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Assessments were made preoperatively and 6 months or later after surgical intervention. Results of the procedure, clinical evaluation (reflux symptoms), and esophageal alkaline reflux by ambulatory 24-hour pH memory were satisfactory. RESULTS: Operative evaluation time and procedural complications did not differ significantly between the two gastrectomy groups. Reflux symptoms only occurred in 12 patients in the B group. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure of patients in the B group was significantly lower than that of patients in the F group and in preoperative states (p < 0.05). The mean appearance of alkaline esophageal reflux in the F group and the B group were 2.6% and 13.6%, respectively (p < 0.01). Patients with semifundoplication had a significantly better quality of life and less physiologic regurgitation than patients with simple Billroth I. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that Billroth I reconstruction with semifundoplication for gastric cancer is not only effective for patients with a postoperative life expectancy, but also prevents reflux esophagitis after gastrectomy. We believe that our method is an effective and simple surgical option for many patients with gastric cancer.     

Reconstruction after distal gastrectomy

To select the best reconstruction method after distal gastrectomy, we analyzed the endoscopic features and gastrointestinal quality of life in patients who underwent either Billroth I or Roux-en-Y reconstruction. The Billroth I procedure is simpler, more physiologically normal, and allows easier endoscopic access to the duodenum. Although it is more complex, the Roux-en Y procedure can prevent bile reflux, is safe, and is superior to the Billroth I procedure both functionally and symptomatically. The Roux-en-Y procedure is thus one of the best options after distal gastrectomy. Selection of the reconstruction procedure should be based on clinical evidence.     

Roux-en-Y Reconstruction is Superior to Billroth I Reconstruction in Reducing Reflux Esophagitis After Distal Gastrectomy: Special Relationship with the Angle of His

Background  

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the angle of His in Roux-en-Y (RY) or Billroth I (BI) reconstruction and reflux esophagitis after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer.     

毕Ⅰ式与Roux-en-Y在远端胃癌根治术的疗效对比Meta分析

目的：对比远端胃癌根治术后毕I和Roux-en-Y两种重建方式的疗效。方法中文以“毕I”“Roux-en-Y”“远端胃癌根治术”“重建”为关键词,英文以“Billroth-I”“Roux-en-Y”“distal gastrectomy”“reconstruction”为关键词,通过检索中国知网、万方、Medline、Pubmed、Embase,纳入对比毕I和Roux-en-Y两种重建方式的的随机对照试验,并逐个进行质量评价和资料提取。将手术时间、术中出血、手术时间、术中出血、术后住院天数、术后恢复流质饮食时间、术后出现恶心呕吐、吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄、术后体重变化、残胃炎、反流性食管炎、胆汁反流和胃排空障碍做为评价指标。统计学分析采用RevMan 5.3软件。结果纳入随机对照研究6篇,病例总数600例。荟萃分析结果显示Roux-en-Y重建方式较毕Ⅰ相比需要更长的手术时间[WMD=-30.82,95%CI(-55.37,-6.26),P=0.01]。 Roux-en-Y组在减少胆汁反流[OR=30.31,95%CI(8.74,105.15),P<0.00001]和残胃炎[OR=2.73,95%CI(1.86,4.00),P<0.00001]的发生上明显优于毕Ⅰ组。结论荟萃研究结果显示Roux-en-Y较毕Ⅰ的一些优点,但是对于Roux-en-Y和毕Ⅰ这两种重建方式的哪一种更适合远端胃癌根治术仍需更科学的多中心的随机对照研究来证实。     

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??Digestive tract reconstruction and its complications after totally laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer ZANG Lu??MA Jun-jun. Department of General Surgery??Ruijin Hospital??Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine??Shanghai 200025??China
Corresponding author??ZANG Lu??E-mail??zanglu@yeah.net
Abstract The digestive tract reconstruction includes Delta anastomoses (Billroth I), Billroth II anastomoses??and gastro-jejunal Roux-en-Y anastomoses in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG). Billroth I with Delta anastomoses has a strict indication in TLDG. Gastro-jejunal Roux-en-Y anastomoses is now more popular. Billroth II with Braun anastomoses and uncut Roux-en-Y anastomoses are technically easier to carry on in TLDG than Roux-en-Y. The digestive tract reconstruction includes anastomoses using linear stapler and circular stapler in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG). Linear stapler has more advantages in TLTG recently because it is a real “total laparoscopy” technique. The GI tract reconstruction in totally laparoscopic gastrectomy has a better visualization and a better working place than the reconstruction in a small incision. With the development of the technique and skill??the complication rate becomes lower recently.     

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??Selection and technical points of digestive tract reconstruction after total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer XU Ze-kuan??XU Hao. Department of General Surgery??the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University??Jiangsu Province Hospital????Nanjing 210029, China
Corresponding author??XU Ze-kuan??E-mail??xuzekuan@njmu.edu.cn
Abstract The distal gastrectomy is the main approach for surgical treatment. In recent years??with the development of laparoscopic technology and improved skills of gastrointestinal surgeons??totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy has been developed rapidly. And the digestive tract reconstruction is the key procedure for laparoscopic gastrectomy. At present??the most common reconstruction procedures include Billroth I??Billroth II??Roux-en-Y anastomosis and uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis. All the procedures have their unique features??and no agreement has been established.     

毕Ⅱ+Braun吻合与毕Ⅱ式吻合在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的疗效对比研究

目的:对比分析毕Ⅱ式+Braun吻合与单纯毕Ⅱ式吻合在腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术中的安全性及有效性,探讨毕Ⅱ+Braun吻合在胃癌根治术中的优势.方法:回顾分析2015年12月至2018年12月74例行腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术患者的临床资料,其中35例行毕Ⅱ+Braun吻合(毕Ⅱ+Braun组),39例行毕Ⅱ式吻合(毕Ⅱ组).对...     

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进展期胃下部癌占我国胃癌的主要部分,远端胃大部切除是主要的外科治疗方法之一。消化道重建方式是影响远端胃大部切除术后生存质量的重要因素。传统的重建方式为Billroth Ⅰ式或Billroth Ⅱ式。从保留十二指肠通路或抗胆汁反流角度,重建方式进行了多种改良,包括BillrothⅡ式+Braun吻合、Roux-en-Y吻合术、单管空肠间置、空肠贮袋间置、双通道重建。目前研究结果认为,Roux-en-Y吻合术是改善生存质量、可行性与可推广性均较理想的方式。     

胃癌根治手术消化道重建方式对合并2型糖尿病患者血糖的影响

目的:评价三种胃切除术对合并2型糖尿病患者血糖的影响。方法:手术治疗合并2型糖尿病的远端胃癌64例,行BillrothⅠ术式8例(A组),BillrothⅡ术式32例(B组),Roux-en-Y术式24例(C组)。结果:64例均成功完成根治性胃切除术,A组血糖术前与术后各时间点均无明显差异(P0.05),术后第1月为(7.36±1.25)mmol/L,术后第9月为(9.06±1.26)mmol/L(P0.05)。B、C两组术后血糖与术前有显著性差异(P0.05),糖尿病改善的总有效率分别为76.8%(43/56);39.3%(22/56)痊愈。结论:对于合并糖尿病的远端胃癌病人,BillrothⅡ式或Roux-en-Y式能有效改善病人的糖代谢,同时也为糖尿病手术治疗提供了可行性依据。     

Comparison of Billroth I,Billroth II,and Roux-en-Y reconstructions following distal gastrectomy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Major surgical treatment for distal gastric cancer include Billroth I (BI), Billroth II (BII), and Roux-en-Y (RY). Since the optimal reconstruction methods remains inconclusive, we aimed to compare these treatments in terms of intraoperative and postoperative course after distal gastrectomy with a systematic review and random-effects network meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Ovid's database for prospective, randomized, controlled trials comparing the outcomes of BI, BII, and RY reconstruction after distal gastrectomy until January 2020. From the included studies, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, endoscopic findings and complications were extracted as the short- and long-term outcomes of reconstructions. The network meta-analysis was performed with R 3.5.2 software as well as “gemtc” and “forestplot” packages. Twelve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1662 patients were included. RY reconstruction has a lower risk and degree of remnant gastritis than BI and BII reconstructions(OR 0.40, 95%Crl: 0.24–0.64; OR 0.36, 95% Crl: 0.16–0.83, respectively). BI reconstruction method took significantly less time to perform as compared to BII and RY reconstruction (WMD 20, 95% Crl: 0.18–41; WMD 30, 95% Crl: 14–25, respectively). No differences in intraoperative blood loss, time to resumed oral intake, postoperative hospital stay, reflux oesophagitis and complications among the three reconstructions. The RY reconstruction after distal gastrectomy was more effective in preventing remnant gastritis than Billroth I and Billroth II reconstruction, although RY reconstruction was considered as technical complexity.     

应该重视胃癌根治术后的消化道重建

胃癌根治术后消化道重建方式多种多样,目前还没有一种公认的最佳重建方式.胃癌根治术后的重建方式也是专家们一直讨论和研究的热点,一直受到大家的重视.消化道重建一方面必须控制好并发症的发生率;另一方面要保证患者有满意的营养状态和良好的生活质量.本文就目前胃癌术后消化道重建的现状和发展趋势做一总结.对于远端胃大部切除术后,Roux-en-Y吻合的远期效果和生活质量最佳,尤其是对于早期胃癌患者,效果很好;而对于进展期胃癌行远端胃大部切除术后,BillrothⅡ式重建的效果不差于Roux-en-Y吻合的效果.对于全胃切除术后,Roux-en-Y吻合是最简便、有效的重建方式,加做空肠储袋可以提高患者的远期生活质量.吻合器的使用可以降低治疗费用,并且在行食管空肠吻合时更加方便.对于近端胃大部切除术后,采用食管残胃(管状胃)吻合是较为常见的重建方式.幽门重建的作用还存在一定争议,有待我们进一步研究.     

全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术消化道重建方式选择及技术要点

近年来,随着腹腔镜技术的发展以及胃肠外科医生手术水平的提高,全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术的临床应用获得快速发展。消化道重建是腹腔镜胃癌手术的关键步骤也是难点之一。目前远端胃癌根治术常用的消化道重建方式主要包括Billroth-Ⅰ式、Billroth-Ⅱ式、胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合以及胃空肠非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合。这些重建方式均各具特点,目前尚未达成统一的共识。     

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??Application of uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction after laparoscopic gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer: A report of 119 cases YANG Dong, SU Tong-rong??HE Liang, et al. Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China
Corresponding author: WANG Quan,E-mail??wangquanjdyy@163.com
Abstract Objective To analyze the application of uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction after laparoscopic gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer. Methods A total of 119 cases underwent uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction after laparoscopic gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer were studied retrospectively between January 2015 and April 2016 in the First Hospital of Jilin University?? and relevant clinical observation and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results The total incidence of complications was 9.7%?? and the pH values of perioperative gastric juice were all less than 7.0. The efferent loop peristalsis went well without stasis or reflux?? and no gastroparesis. After 6 days and 3 months??the fully emptying rates of 30 minutes were 73.1% and 82.7% respectively. In postoperative 3 months?? heartburn and remnant gastritis accounted for 6.7% and 32.4%??respectively. Conclusion Uncut Roux-en-Y effectively improves the alkaline reflux of Billroth ?? and avoids Roux-en-Y stasis syndrome. So it is a safe and feasible reconstructive procedure to be applied in the clinical practice.     

Reconstruction after gastrectomy: Which technique is best?

Several reconstruction techniques are possible after gastrectomy. The best reconstruction is one, that maintains satisfactory nutritional status and quality of life while keeping postoperative morbidity as low as possible. The aim of this study was to describe the different reconstruction techniques that can be proposed after distal and total gastrectomy, heeding to the French guidelines on the use of mechanical sutures in these indications. We then conducted a review of randomized trials dealing with reconstruction techniques after distal and total gastrectomy. After distal gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y reconstruction seems superior to Billroth I and Billroth II reconstructions in terms of functional outcomes and long-term endoscopic results and should be chosen in patients with benign disease or superficial tumors. Otherwise, Billroth II should be preferred over Billroth I reconstruction because of lower postoperative morbidity and better oncologic margins. After total gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y reconstruction remains the easiest solution, with satisfactory functional results. Addition of a pouch reservoir after Roux-en-Y reconstruction seems to improve short-term functional outcome after total gastrectomy with better potential for nutritional intake. In the long-term, quality of life seems better mainly in patients with small-resected tumors associated with a good prognosis.     

Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Billroth I and Roux-en-Y Procedures after Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Carcinoma

To determine the clinical efficacy of Roux-en-Y reconstruction (RY) after distal gastrectomy, we compared postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent RY or conventional Billroth I reconstruction (B-I). A total of 50 patients were prospectively randomized to either B-I or RY reconstruction, and complications, postoperative course, and nutritional status were compared. Bile reflux and inflammation in the remnant stomach and lower esophagus were evaluated by postoperative follow-up endoscopy at 6 months. Operative time and blood loss as well as postoperative nutrition did not show significant differences between the two groups. As anticipated, 5 of 24 patients with RY reconstruction developed gastrojejunal stasis in the early postoperative period, which led to a longer postoperative hospital stay as compared with the B-I group (mean ± S.D; B-I; 19.0 ± 6.2, RY; 31.8 ± 21.7 days) (P < 0.05). Endoscopic examination revealed that the frequency of bile reflux (P < 0.01) and degree of inflammation in the remnant stomach (P < 0.05) were less in the RY group than in the B-I group. However, inflammatory findings in the lower esophagus were observed in 7 (27%) of B-I, and 8 (35%) of the RY group, suggesting that late phase esophagitis was not improved in the RY group. Roux-en-Y reconstruction was effective in preventing duodenogastric reflux and resulting gastritis, but it did not prevent esophagitis. Because RY reconstruction induces the frequent complication of Roux-en-Y stasis, causing longer postoperative hospital stay, this method has limited advantages over B-I anastomosis after distal gastrectomy.