A cross-sectional study of pulmonary function among workers exposed to multimetals in the glass bangle industry

Spirometric lung functions were evaluated in 220 asymptomatic glass bangle workers exposed to the salts of various heavy metals, such as arsenic, lead, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, and selenium, which are used as coloring agents in the manufacture of glass bangles. The mean values of various spirometric variables (viz. FVC, FEV1, IMBC, and PEFR) were within normal range (more than 80% of the predicted values) in both smoking and nonsmoking glass bangle workers and did not reveal any significant differences in comparison with those observed in the unexposed controls. However, variables such as FEV1/FVC% ratio, FEF25-75 and FEF75-85 were reduced significantly (p less than 0.001) in the exposed group. The reduction was more marked in the smoking glass bangle workers indicating additive effect of cigarette smoking on the small airways. The exposed group showed a significantly higher prevalence (16.3%) of respiratory impairment in comparison to that observed in the controls (7.9%) as a result of exposure to various metals in the work environment (p less than 0.01). The respiratory impairment observed in the exposed group indicated primarily restrictive pattern of pulmonary abnormality (10.4%), while the controls revealed only 1.1% prevalence of this disease (p less than 0.001). The effect of the duration of exposure on the prevalence of respiratory impairment in the glass bangle industry revealed significantly higher prevalence (p less than 0.05) in those who worked for more than 10 years (23.0%) than in those who worked for less than 10 years (10.8%) thereby indicating that the duration of exposure is directly related to the prevalence of respiratory impairment.     

某烟草公司烟草尘和噪声对作业人员职业危害调查分析

目的为了解某烟草公司工作场所生产性噪声和烟草尘对作业人员健康的影响,为职业防护提供科学依据。方法检测工作场所生产性噪声和烟草尘的浓度,对接触有害因素的作业人员进行职业健康检查。结果现场劳动卫生学调查,卷包岗位噪声超标尤为突出,合格率为2.94%,配料岗位烟草尘浓度超标明显,合格率为25.00%。职业健康检查结果显示,卷包岗位听力损伤检出率最高(25.43%),高血压和心电图异常均高于其他工种;877名作业人员中197人有不同程度的听力损伤,占22.46%,男女性别比较、吸烟组与非吸烟组比较差异均有显著统计学意义(P(0.01);配料岗位肺功能异常检出率最高(9.24%),未见烟草尘肺的发生。结论该烟草公司作业人员健康状况不容乐观,应采取有效措施控制噪声源、降低烟草尘浓度,加强个体防护。     

多种有害因素联合对作业工人健康影响的研究

目的探讨在多种有害因素[粉尘、噪声、溶剂(主要为苯、甲苯、二甲苯,以下简称混苯)]同时存在时对工人健康的影响.方法选择66名接触噪声、粉尘、混苯的作业工人为观察组,另选56名无任何毒物接触的工人为对照组,对两组人员进行常规体检,检测免疫三项、血清中SOD活力、Hb含量和WBC计数、外周血淋巴细胞微核率.结果两组比较,上呼吸道慢性炎症、(IgG、IgA、IgM)差异有显著性(P＜0.05),类神经症发生率、心电图异常率差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01),SOD活力、外周血淋巴细胞微核率差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论长期在低浓度多种有害作业环境下工作,对作业人员身体健康有一定负面影响,有降低免疫功能的趋势,对细胞的毒性效应暂无发现.     

Olfactory function in workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced-plastics industry

BACKGROUND: Impairment of olfactory function in humans has been associated with occupational exposure to volatile chemicals. To investigate whether exposure to styrene was associated with olfactory impairment, olfactory function was examined in workers with a minimum of 4 years exposure to styrene in the reinforced-plastics industry (current mean exposure: 26 ppm, range: 10-60 ppm; historic mean dose: 156 ppm-years, range: 13.8-328 ppm-years) and in a group of age- and gender-matched, unexposed controls. METHODS: Olfactory function was assessed using a standardized battery that included tests of threshold sensitivity for phenylethyl alcohol (PEA), odor identification ability, and retronasal odor perception. Odor detection thresholds for styrene were also obtained as a measure of specific adaptation to the work environment. RESULTS: No differences were observed between exposed workers and controls on tests of olfactory function. Elevation of styrene odor detection thresholds among exposed workers indicated exposure-induced adaptation. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found no evidence among a cross-section of reinforced-plastics industry workers that current or historical exposure to styrene was associated with impairment of olfactory function. Taken together with anatomical differences between rodent and human airways and the lack of evidence for styrene metabolism in human nasal tissue, the results strongly suggest that at these concentrations, styrene is not an olfactory toxicant in humans.     

7830例矽尘作业工人肺功能检查分析

为了解青海省矽尘作业工人肺部损伤情况，将“职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统”2017年矽尘作业工人肺功能检查结果导出并分析。7830例矽尘作业工人FVC%、FEV，%和FEV/FVC%异常检出率分别为22.6%、11.6%和2.8%；三项指标在地区分布、企业规模、经济类型、行业分布间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。应加强对矽尘作业工人的定期肺功能检查，早期发现肺部损伤，保护劳动者健康。     

粉尘作业人员肺功能与心血管功能相关指标分析

选择2013—2014年于本院体检的1 640名粉尘作业人员的肺功能、血压、心电图、血脂、血常规结果进行统计分析。结果显示,随着肺功能损伤的加重,高血压、心电图异常、白细胞计数异常检出率有增加的趋势,与正常组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。提示粉尘作业人员肺功能的改变与心血管功能相关指标有一定的相关性。     

乌鲁木齐市邮政行业接尘人员职业健康状况调查

目的 通过体检了解邮政行业接尘人员的健康状况,为职业病防治提供基础资料.方法 采用病例对照方法,对255名接尘人员的职业健康检查结果进行综合分析,项目包括内科常规、心电图、肺功能、胸部X线、腹部B超及实验室检查.结果 邮政行业接尘人员尘肺病检出率为6.27％,随着接尘工龄的延长,尘肺患病率有增高的趋势(P＜0.05).腹部B超异常和实验室检测指标异常的检出率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 邮政行业接尘人员的健康状况不容乐观,应加强对邮政行业接尘人员的职业卫生防护,改善作业环境,切实做好职业病的预防工作.     

接触苯酚患职业性皮肤白斑病的调查

目的调查某造漆厂接触苯酚操作工职业性皮肤白斑病的发病情况。方法对该厂生产酚醛树脂车间及相关的色漆车间进行职业卫生调查,结合历年体检资料分析。结果４１名接触者检出１０名患职业性皮肤白斑（检出率２４４％）,非接触者未检出。结论苯酚经呼吸道和皮肤吸收致接触者皮肤色素细胞受损成白斑。发病机理尚不明。     

接触焦油沥青工人职业性疣赘调查

对接触焦油沥青工人的皮肤病调查结果显示,194名受检工人中有59名患有职业性疣赘,皮疹形态为泛发性扁平疣样及寻常疣样损害,皮疹与工龄有一定关系,工龄愈长发病率愈高,患病率随作业工龄的增长而上升。说明该作业环境对操作工人的皮肤有较大危害。     

Evaluation of pulmonary function in workers exposed to hexamethylene diisocyanate.

Production of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) biuret and trimer from HDI monomer was started in 1988 at the plant under study. Pulmonary function tests were included as part of the annual evaluation of the workers in that unit. HDI is expected to have toxic properties similar to those of toluene diisocyanate. The latter has caused accelerated declines in pulmonary function in exposed workers. In 1991, an initial longitudinal evaluation of those pulmonary function tests was performed, comparing annual declines in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether or not exposures to HDI at the unit had caused any accelerated decline in FVC or FEV1. No significant differences were seen in that evaluation, but it was decided that the study be continued in a prospective fashion. The study has been continued through 1997. The slope of the annual change in FVC and FEV1 were calculated for a group of workers and a matched control group. The average annual decline in FVC for the exposed group (cases) was 0.026 L, compared with 0.025 L for the control group. For the decline in FEV1, the results were 0.044 L, compared with 0.041 L (P = 0.79). These results are virtually identical and support a conclusion that exposures within this unit to HDI have not caused an accelerated decline in FVC or FEV1. Exposures to HDI were measured during this period. The time-weighted average exposure to HDI during work not requiring respiratory protection in the unit (approximately 2 hours per day) was 0.5 parts per billion. The average daily high peak exposure was 2.9 parts per billion. Exposure to these levels appear to pose no risk of accelerated decline in pulmonary function.     

The effect of tobacco consumption on blood cholinesterase levels among workers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides

This is a cross-sectional study of workers in the pesticide industry, engaged in the formulation and packaging of organophosphorus compounds. A detailed history was taken of all study participants. Investigations carried out were the measurement of haemoglobin levels and estimation of whole blood cholinesterase levels. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in the industry is 76.09%. The mean age of employees was 42.8 years and the mean duration of service was 16.6 years. The study concludes that tobacco consumption increases the risk of toxicity due to organophosphorus pesticides, as indicated by a decrease in the blood cholinesterase levels. In this study, the age of employees and duration of service in the pesticide industry played no role in increasing the risk of toxic effects when exposed to organophosphorus pesticides.     

含砷和氯丹类灭蚁药对职业人群心脏功能损伤的研究

目的:探讨职业性接触含砷和氯丹类灭蚁药对作业人员心脏功能水平的影响.方法:对作业人员的血清心肌酶谱:肌酸激酶(CK)及其同工酶(CK-MB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平进行检测,同时做心电图检查,并对工龄、吸烟、饮酒等因素的影响进行分析.结果:职业接触灭蚁药物会使血清CK、α-HBDH和LDH水平显著升高,心电图异常率增高,且与接触工龄相关;饮酒能加重含砷和氯丹类灭蚁药物对职业人群心脏的损伤作用;血清CK、α-HBDH和LDH水平及心电图异常率,均与血清氯丹和尿砷含量呈正相关.结论:含砷和氯丹类灭蚁药能使职业接触人群心脏功能明显受损.     

The function of 2 detoxifying body systems in workers of the petrochemical industry]

Studies of the immune status and antipyrine test helped to analyse the status of the two body detoxicants--the immune system and the system of microsomal hepatic oxygenases in petrochemical production workers suffering from the chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Immune deficiency of T and B cells, decreased function of cytochrome P-450 containing monooxygenase system were revealed, which indicates complicated relations between the two body detoxicant systems.     

Clinico-neuro-psychological evaluation of workers exposed to metallic mercury in the electric lamp industry]

This research project was undertaken for the purpose of studying poisoning by metallic mercury among workers of an electric lamp factory located in S. Paulo (Brazil). 71 workers were investigated, of whom 61 (85.92%) were chronically poisoned. Exposure period ranged from 4 months to 30 years. The 57 (80.30%) of chronically poisoned workers showed poor psychomotor co-ordination, 56 (78.88%) showed neurological impairments, 51 (71.83%) decreases in memory capacity, 47 (66.20%) pathological findings in the clinical exam, 45 (63.38%) psychiatric disturbances and 37 (52.10%) poor performance in the concentration test.     

烟草粉尘对接触工人肺功能损害的调查分析

将接触烟草粉尘的175名男工、126名女工的肺功能指标从多个方面与同一地区非接尘的对照组进行比较.结果 显示不论男女,FVC%、FEV1%,MMEF%、V50%、V25%观察组均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义.观察组MMEF%、V50%、V25%异常个体比率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义.吸烟、专业工龄延长可加重这些变化.