骶骨原发性肿瘤的X线与CT分析

目的　分析骶骨原发性肿瘤的X线和CT表现。方法　回顾性分析经临床手术病理证实的 10例骶骨原发性肿瘤 ,其中脊索瘤 5例 ,骨巨细胞瘤 2例 ,软骨肉瘤 2例 ,神经鞘瘤 1例。结果　 (1)脊索瘤常累及S3～ 5,有中央性肿块 ,平片与CT为溶骨性骨质破坏 ,瘤内有残余骨嵴和钙化 ;(2 )骨巨细胞瘤常累及S1～ 3,呈膨胀性骨质破坏 ,好发于青年人 ;(3 )软骨肉瘤 ,神经鞘瘤X线和CT上各有特点。本组 1例软骨肉瘤从S1～ 3骨质破坏 ,并向盆腔内长出一巨大肿块。结论　X线平片与CT结合 ,有助于骶骨原发性肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断     

颅底骨源性肿瘤的MRI影像诊断

目的：分析颅底骨源性肿瘤的ＭＲＩ表现并与ＣＴ和病因对照，研究ＭＲ在诊断中的价值与限度。材料与方法：搜集了经手术病理证实的颅底骨源性肿瘤２２例（软骨肉瘤３例，软骨瘤２例，转移瘤２例，脊索瘤１０例，骨巨细胞瘤２例，恶性纤维组织瘤１例，骨化性纤维瘤２例），全部行ＭＲ检查（１１例行增强检查），８例行ＣＴ检查。结果：绝大部分肿瘤均有一清晰的边缘，Ｔ１Ｗ上呈低或等信号，Ｔ２Ｗ上呈不均匀高信号，Ｔ１Ｗ上呈低信号     

骶骨和骶骨旁原发肿瘤的影像评价：附22例病例分析

探讨骶骨和骶骨旁原发肿瘤影像学特点。回顾性分析了２２例经手术 病理证实的骶骨和骶骨旁的原发性肿瘤，其中细胞瘤７例，神经鞘瘤４例，滑膜肉瘤５例，脊瘤４例，软骨肉瘤及腹膜后丛状神经纤维瘤各２例。结论：骶骨和骶骨旁原发肿瘤 临床及影像学特点将有助于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

颈静脉孔区肿瘤的MRI和MRA诊断（附五例报告）

目的：分析颈静脉孔区肿瘤的影像学特点，探讨ＭＲＡ对其诊断与鉴别诊断的价值。材料与方法：对５例经手术病理证实的颈静脉孔区肿瘤（颈静脉球瘤２例、神经鞘瘤２例、脑膜瘤１例）病人行ＭＲＩ和ＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ检查，应用１．０Ｔ超导ＭＲ系统，在常规ＭＲＩ基础上采用２Ｄ或３ＤＦＩＳＰ序列和ＭＩＰ图像后处理技术获取ＭＲＡ图像。４例有ＣＴ，３例有ＤＳＡ资料。结果：ＭＲＩ显示了全部病灶和颈静脉孔的扩大与破坏，准确定性诊断了４例，结合ＭＲＡ后，５例均正确定性诊断。颈静脉球瘤的ＭＲＩ瘤内流空征和ＭＲＡ血管团块征颇具特征性。神经鞘瘤与脑膜瘤的ＭＲＩ信号有别，且前者易囊变，两者ＭＲＡ均未显示肿瘤血管。结论：ＭＲＩ，尤其结合ＭＲＡ对颈静脉孔区肿瘤诊断与鉴别诊断颇有价值。     

较大肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的MRI及DSA诊断(附6例分析)

目的：评估较大肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的ＭＲＩ及ＤＳＡ的诊断价值。材料与方法：６例经手术病理证实的较大肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,均行ＭＲ平扫及腹主动脉、肾上腺动脉造影检查。结果：６例ＭＲ表现均为长Ｔ１长Ｔ２信号,２例见囊变和坏死信号。５例主要波及肝右叶和肾上极,１例主要波及胰头并包绕下腔静脉。６例中,４例颖诊嗜铬细胞瘤,２例诊断为巨块型肝癌。ＤＳＡ显示瘤体由肾上腺动脉供血,肿瘤血管丰富,染色浓密,诊断为嗜铬细胞瘤     

骶骨肿瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨螺旋CT对骶骨肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的21例骶骨肿瘤的CT表现,其中脊索瘤8例,神经源性肿瘤6例,转移瘤3例,巨细胞瘤3例,软骨瘤1例。全部病例均作CT轴位平扫,4例加作CT增强扫描。结果:8例脊索瘤中5例表现为第2～5骶椎骨质破坏伴软组织肿块,7例见斑点状钙化。6例神经源性肿瘤表现为单侧骶孔破坏和软组织肿块,2例增强见明显强化。3例转移瘤呈偏心溶骨性破坏,累及骶孔,软组织肿块中见残存骨片。3例骨巨细胞瘤中2例表现为第4、5骶椎膨胀性破坏。1例软骨瘤表现为左第3、4骶孔扩大伴局限性软组织肿块。结论:螺旋CT能较好显示不同骶骨肿瘤的骨质破坏部位、边缘及软组织内钙化,对骶骨肿瘤的定性诊断有重要的参考价值。     

骶骨肿瘤的CT、MR表现及鉴别

目的：通过对骶骨肿瘤CT及MR表现的分析,提高对其影像诊断的认识。材料和方法：28例骶骨肿瘤,其中脊索瘤10例;神经源性肿瘤8例;转移瘤4例;巨细胞瘤5例;淋巴瘤1例。全部病例均行CT检查,22例行MR检查,并对其中CT、MR表现进行分析。结果：各种骶骨源性肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的征象包括：软组织肿块、骶孔扩大变形,病灶内钙化及骨嵴形成,髓腔浸润,病变不同的中心位置及范围。脊索瘤、巨细胞瘤、神经源性肿瘤的MR信号有一定特点。结论：CT特别是MR可作为骶骨肿瘤的有效诊断方法。     

原发性骶骨肿瘤病理及影像学表现

目的:分析原发性骶骨肿瘤的病理学分型及影像学表现特点。方法:48例原发性骶骨肿瘤均经手术病理证实,术前均行常规X线平片、CT和/或MR检查,结合病理回顾分析了其影像学表现。结果:原发性骶骨肿瘤以脊索瘤(21例)最多见,其次是巨细胞瘤(7例)、神经源性肿瘤(6例)、软骨肉瘤(4例)、滑膜肉瘤(3例),囊肿(3例),其它相对少见,包括纤维组织细胞癌1例,尤文氏肉瘤1例,梭形细胞癌1例,节细胞神经瘤1例。影像表现包括软组织肿块、骶孔扩大、瘤灶内钙化、骨嵴形成等不同特点。常见原发骶骨肿瘤常有其特征性影像学表现。结论:原发骶骨肿瘤病理分型相对复杂,影像表现多样化,诊断常需综合不同影像检查手段。     

累及咽旁间隙的肿物的影像学特征

目的：分析累及咽旁间隙肿物的影像学特征。材料与方法：总结分析了１９例经手术病理证实的累及咽旁间隙肿物的ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ、ＭＲＡ和ＤＳＡ表现。包括腮裂囊肿４例、颈静脉球瘤３例、颈动脉体瘤４例、神经鞘瘤３例、鼻咽癌侵入咽旁间隙５例。１５例行ＭＲＩ检查、９例行ＣＴ扫描、３例行ＭＲＡ检查、５例行ＤＳＡ检查。结果：ＭＲＩ对肿块的大小、形态、位置、与周围组织的关系及继发改变能清晰显示，并可见具有特征性的副神经节瘤瘤内纡曲、匍行的低信号血管影。颈静脉球瘤的ＣＴ特征性表现是颈静脉孔的扩大和骨质破坏。ＭＲＡ和ＤＳＡ对肿瘤血管的显示十分清楚。结论：ＭＲＩ对累及咽旁间隙肿物的诊断优于ＣＴ，若能结合ＣＴ、ＤＳＡ、ＭＲＡ等其他影像学技术，能更准确地评估病变的部位和性质。     

颅内多发原发性肿瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的：报道１５例颅内多发原发性肿瘤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现，并评价ＣＴ与ＭＲＩ的诊断价值。方法：１５例颅内多发原发性肿瘤均行ＣＴ检查，其中４例行ＭＲＩ检查，均经手术病理证实。结果：多发胶质瘤４例，其中恶性室宫膜瘤３例，表现为脑室内及额顶叶脑实质内实质性肿块或囊性病变，多发星形细胞瘤１例，病变分别位于额叶及小脑蚓部；双侧听神经瘤及多发脑膜瘤各３例、ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现均较典型；脑膜瘤合并胶质瘤３例、脑膜瘤合并听神经瘤１例和垂体瘤合并胶质瘤１例。结论：结合肿瘤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ表现特点，可对大多数颅内多发原发性肿瘤作出正确诊断，ＭＲＩ对脑膜瘤的诊断优于ＣＴ。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.