Auditory status of persons with intellectual disability at the German Special Olympic Games

Among persons with intellectual disability, the prevalence of hearing impairments is high. During the German Special Olympics Summer Games 2004, a hearing screening was conducted on 755 athletes with intellectual disabilities. Obligatory screening included ear inspection and recording of otoacoustic emissions, and optional screening included tympanometry and brief pure-tone audiometry. 38.0% of the athletes failed the screening. 53.0% needed ear wax removal. 56.1% of the fails indicated sensorineural hearing loss and 13.6% indicated mixed hearing loss. 12.5% of the fails were caused by unremovable ear wax, 1.4% by ear canal affections, and 16.4% by middle ear problems. Left ear fails were more frequent than right ear fails. A peripheral hearing disturbance can thus be expected in every third subject. The high failure rate, a considerable percentage of previously undetected profound hearing loss (1.1%), and the frequent need for ear wax removal, suggest that nearly half of persons with intellectual disabilities need regular otological or audiological consultations.

Sumario

La prevalencia de hipoacusia entre personas con discapacidad auditiva, es alta. Durante los juegos olímpicos de verano 2004 en Alemania, se realizó un tamiz auditivo en 755 atletas con discapacidad intelectual. Éste incluyó otoscopia, prueba de emisiones otoacústicas y opcionalmente una timpanometría y una audiometría breve. El 38% de los atletas no pasaron el tamiz y a 53% se les retiró cerumen. El 56.1% de los que no pasaron el tamiz presentaban hipoacusia sensorineural y 13% hipoacusia mixta; a 12.5% no fue posible retirarles el cerumen, 1.4% presentaban alteraciones del conducto auditivo externo y 16.4% tenían algún problema del oído medio. Fueron más frecuentes las alteraciones en el oído izquierdo que en el derecho. Se puede esperar una alteración auditiva periférica en un tercio de los sujetos. El alto índice de falla en el tamiz, un porcentaje considerable de hipoacusia profunda no detectada (1.1%) y la necesidad frecuente de remoción de cerumen, sugiere que casi la mitad de las personas con discapacidad intelectual necesitan consulta audiológica u otológica regular.     

Hearing screening outcomes for persons with intellectual disability: a preliminary report of findings from the 2005 Special Olympics World Winter Games

The Special Olympics Healthy Hearing Program provides a unique opportunity to determine the hearing service needs of individuals with mild intellectual disabilities participating in athletic endeavors in countries throughout the world. The Healthy Hearing Program screened 855 of 1800 athletes with intellectual disability over a period of a week at Nagano, Japan. Of 855 athletes screened, 58% passed the DPOAE screen and therefore required no further testing. Of the remaining 42%, 186 did not pass pure-tone screening. This number of athletes represents 21.8% of all athletes screened. Tympanometry outcomes for the 186 athletes failing pure-tone screening showed 56% (104) also failing this measure of middle-ear function. 65% of these 104 athletes' outer ear canals were blocked/partially-blocked with cerumen. This amount is in contrast to the 38% presence of cerumen for the 82 athletes failing pure-tone screening but passing tympanometry.     

普遍新生儿听力筛查中确诊耳聋者颞骨CT的影像学分析

目的：探讨普遍新生儿听力筛查中确诊为耳聋的婴幼儿颞骨高分辨率CT（HRCT）的影像学表现,以及对耳聋原因诊断的作用。方法：2005年1～12月,121400名新生儿参加上海市新生儿听力筛查,1077例2次筛查阳性者转至上海市儿童听力障碍诊治中心进一步行诊断性听力检查,其中184例被确诊为先天性聋的患儿接受颞骨HRCT检查,对此资料进行分析研究。结果：184例先天性聋患儿中颞骨HRCT发现解剖畸形者58例（31．5％）,其中外耳畸形26例（44．8％）,中耳畸形21例（36．2％）,内耳畸形31例（53．4％）。内耳畸形包括Mondini畸形12例,共同腔畸形1例,前庭导水管扩大、不伴耳蜗畸形6例,前庭、半规管畸形10例,内听道异常5例。另外,单纯鼓室积液20例（10．8％）。结论：HRCT检查对婴幼儿耳聋原因的鉴别诊断和治疗有一定帮助。     

Hearing loss and ear disorders in Malaysian school children

In Malaysia 1,307 randomly selected primary school children were screened to find out the prevalence of hearing loss and middle ear disorders. Seventy-six students (5.81%) failed the screening audiometric test. There were 95 students (7.26%) with middle ear disorders. History of ear discharge was absent in 24 out of 57 cases with CSOM (42.11%) (P less than 0.001). Forty-three out of 95 children having middle ear disorders passed the screening audiometric test (P less than 0.01 Fisher exact test). Screening audiometric test fails to detect about 46% of cases with middle ear disorders. Screening audiometric test and otological examination if conducted by the school health medical officers regularly will be able to detect almost all the cases with hearing loss and middle ear disorders.     

Assessment of hearing in a municipal public school student population

Children need good hearing for adequate learning. Hearing screening in students is important because it allows cases that go unnoticed by the family may be detected.AimTo evaluate hearing in children aged 4-15 years - public school students from pre-first to the fifth grade in the city of Cabedelo, Paraíba state.Material and MethodsA prospective study of 98 students referred by teachers of 18 public schools in Cabedelo, from June 2007 to June 2010. Students were examined by an otolaryngologist and underwent audiometric testing.ResultsEighteen schools were enrolled in this study. The student's age ranged from 4 to 15 years; 62% were male and 38% were female. Otolaryngological tests were normal in 85% of cases, and abnormal in 15% of cases. The most frequent findings were ear wax and tympanic membrane retraction. Audiometry demonstrated normal hearing in 66% of children and impaired hearing in 34%.ConclusionHearing Screening in school children is an important method for diagnosing hearing loss, especially in low-income populations.     

Otoscopy and tympanometry outcomes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of conductive pathologies based on tympanometric and otoscopic findings in adults in the U.S. and examine relationships between abnormal findings and audiometrically defined or reported perceived hearing loss and tinnitus.Materials and methodsData from 3409 individuals aged 20–69 years from the 1999–2000 and 2000–2002 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Outcomes included report of ear tubes, self-perceived hearing loss, and tinnitus (yes or no). Otoscopy involved screening for presence of cerumen (ear wax) and physical abnormality for each ear. Ear-specific tympanometry included measures of middle ear pressure, external ear volume, tympanometric width, and admittance/compliance for each ear. Mean and prevalence estimates are provided applying sample weights. A multivariate ordinal regression model adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education was used to examine relationships between otoscopy or tympanometry measures with hearing loss and tinnitus.ResultsApproximately 12% of the sample showed evidence of abnormal tympanometry and 12% showed evidence of abnormal otoscopy in at least one ear. Measured hearing loss was consistently related to tympanometry outcomes, in both univariate and adjusted models, but perceived hearing loss and tinnitus were not related to abnormal tympanometry or otoscopy. The most common reason for abnormal otoscopy was presence of excessive or impacted cerumen, representing an estimated 10% of the population.ConclusionsWith 1 out of 10 adults having excessive cerumen, adults considering over-the-counter (OTC) hearings aids may benefit from an ear examination prior to purchase.     

Vestibular system in patients with sensorineural hearing loss

A near localization of anatomical structures of an inner ear and possibility of damage caused by the same etiopathogenic factor implies that sensorineural hearing loss may be accompanied by vertigo and dizziness. The aim of a study was to evaluate a frequency of vestibular system dysfunction in patients with sensorineural hearing loss and to analyse it according to severity and type of the hearing loss. We evaluated a group of 126 persons which were treated in ENT Department during the last year from sensorineural hearing loss. In all subjects' audiological and ENG examinations were performed. A 50% of patients complained of vertigo and 30% of them--of dizziness. Abnormal ENG recordings were registered in 72% of persons especially in positional and visual ocular-motor tests. In the group without vertigo incorrect ENG tests were often recorded. In the group with vertigo the peripheral and mixed lesions in ENG examination were noted statistically more frequent. We found lack of correlation between magnitude and type of hearing loss and vestibular impairment. Only in the group-residual hearing/deafness were observed significantly more frequent peripheral vestibular dysfunction.     

Hearing loss in school children. A longitudinal study of sensorineural hearing impairment

In a longitudinal study, 2325 children were hearing tested at age 7, 10 and 13 with screening audiometry. The screening level was 20 dB HL. Approximately 75% of the children passed the screening level at all ages. Hearing loss was more frequent in boys than in girls at age 13 (16%:9%). The left ear was more commonly affected than the right ear. High frequency dips increased for boys with age, but not for girls. The increasing incidence of hearing loss for boys with age is probably due to noisy leisure time activities.     

The prevalence and causes of hearing impairment in Oman: a community-based cross-sectional study

A community-based nationwide survey for hearing loss was conducted in Oman in 1996–97. Audiometric tests and ear examinations were conducted for 12 400 persons in phase I. For children aged less than 4 years, subjective screening tests were used. In phase II, otologists examined the hearing-impaired subjects to determine the cause. The prevalence of bilateral hearing impairment was 55/1000 (95% CI 51.08–59.47). Gender difference was not significant. The rates were 325/1000 and 17/1000, respectively, in the _60-year and _10-year age groups. Presbyacusis and middle ear diseases, respectively, were the causes of 33% and 20% of bilateral hearing impairment. In 30% of the bilateral hearing-impaired subjects, the cause could not be determined. The prevalence of bilateral disabling hearing loss was 21/1000 (95% CI 18.07–23.29). Noise-induced trauma was responsible for only 1.4% of cases of disabling hearing loss. Establishing primary ear care, introducing hearing screening for neonates and schoolchildren, promoting safe preventive practices for ear care, strengthening secondary-level ear care services and introducing comprehensive rehabilitative initiatives for the hearing-disabled are recommended to reduce the hearing loss rates.     

The prevalence and causes of hearing impairment in Oman: a community-based cross-sectional study

A community-based nationwide survey for hearing loss was conducted in Oman in 1996-97. Audiometric tests and ear examinations were conducted for 12,400 persons in phase I. For children aged less than 4 years, subjective screening tests were used. In phase II, otologists examined the hearing-impaired subjects to determine the cause. The prevalence of bilateral hearing impairment was 55/1000 (95% CI 51.08-59.47). Gender difference was not significant. The rates were 325/1000 and 17/1000, respectively, in the > or = 60-year and < 10-year age groups. Presbyacusis and middle ear diseases, respectively, were the causes of 33% and 20% of bilateral hearing impairment. In 30% of the bilateral hearing-impaired subjects, the cause could not be determined. The prevalence of bilateral disabling hearing loss was 21/1000 (95% CI 18.07-23.29). Noise-induced trauma was responsible for only 1.4% of cases of disabling hearing loss. Establishing primary ear care, introducing hearing screening for neonates and schoolchildren, promoting safe preventive practices for ear care, strengthening secondary-level ear care services and introducing comprehensive rehabilitative initiatives for the hearing-disabled are recommended to reduce the hearing loss rates.     

The need for long-term audiologic follow-up of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of newborn hearing screening in the identification of hearing loss in post-neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants. METHODS: Eighty-two post-NICU infants who had initially passed automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) screening were studied prospectively between November 1997 and July 1999. Tympanometry and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) were used to evaluate middle ear status and screen the hearing of subjects when they were seen routinely in the Mary L. Johnson Infant Development Clinic, where NICU graduates are followed at our institution. TEOAEs were not performed in subjects with abnormal tympanometry, defined as negative pressures greater than 200 daPa or flat tympanograms. RESULTS: Of the 82 subjects, 31 (37%) had abnormal tympanometry in at least one ear, with 24 (29%) exhibiting abnormal values bilaterally. Two subjects were identified with delayed-onset or previously undiagnosed sensorineural hearing loss. One had a history of persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The other infant had no risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that newborn hearing screening programs may not provide adequate vigilance for NICU graduates. The high incidence of abnormal middle ear status and the identification of delayed-onset hearing loss in an infant without known risk factors highlights the need for close audiologic and speech/language follow-up in the post-NICU population.     

吉林省听力障碍及耳疾流行病学调查研究

目的明确吉林省以人群为基础的耳疾与听力障碍的流行病学情况,为吉林省耳疾的防治工作提供科学依据。方法应用《WHO耳疾与听觉障碍调查方案》,通过容量比例概率抽样(PPS)的方法选择40个调查点,实际调查人数为6976人。耳聋残疾的定义和听觉障碍程度的分级采用WHO/PDH97.3推荐的标准,采用EARFORM V6.2(由WHO提供)软件进行资料输入和基本分析。结果911(13.1%)人有听力减退,311(4.5%)人存在听力残疾;城乡人群听力减退率和听力残疾患病率差异无显著性;男性听力减退和听力残疾患病率明显高于女性,差异有显著性;听力减退和听力残疾主要集中在60岁以上人群;患病率较高的耳疾病有耵聍(1.2%),慢性化脓性中耳炎(0.7%),鼓膜干性穿孔(1.4%),分泌性中耳炎(1.0%);19.3%的调查对象需要耳科或听力干预。结论所有听力减退的人群中,老年性耳聋患病率最高。听力残疾的患病率有上升的趋势,急需制定新的预防和治疗听力障碍和耳疾病的政策。     

A test protocol for assessing the hearing status of students with special needs

Objectives

Individuals with disabilities are often reported to have a high prevalence of undetected hearing disorders/loss, but there is no standardized hearing test protocol for this population. The purposes of this study were (1) to examine the hearing status of students with special needs in Taiwan, and (2) to investigate the use of an on-site hearing test protocol that would adequately detect hearing problems in this population and reduce unnecessary referrals for off-site follow-up services.

Methods

A total of 238 students enrolled in two schools for special education and one habilitation center participated in the study. Most students had intellectual disabilities and some also had additional syndromes or disorders. A hearing screening protocol including otoscopy, tympanometry, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions was administered to examine students’ outer, middle, and inner ear functions, respectively. Pure tone tests were then administered as an on-site follow-up for those who failed or could not be tested using the screening protocol.

Results

Only 32.4% of students passed. When administered alone, the referral rate of otoscopy, tympanometry, and otoacoustic emissions were 38.7%, 46.0%, and 48.5%, respectively. The integration of these subtests revealed 52.1% of students needed follow-up services, 11.8% could not be tested, 2.5% had documented hearing loss, and 1.3% needed to be monitored because of negative middle ear pressure. The inclusion of pure tone audiometry increased the passing rate by 9.9% and provided information on hearing sensitivity for an additional 8.6% of students.

Conclusion

Hearing assessments and regular hearing screening should be provided as an integral part of health care services for individuals with special needs because of high occurrences of excessive cerumen, middle ear dysfunction, and sensorineural hearing loss. The training of care-givers and teachers of students with special needs is encouraged so that they can help identify hearing problems and reduce the negative impact of hearing disorders and hearing loss. The screening protocol needs to include subtests that examine the status of different parts of their auditory system. The addition of pure tone audiometry as an on-site follow-up tool reduced the rate of off-site referrals and provided more information on hearing sensitivity.     

Infant hearing screening: program implementation and validation

Congenital and early-onset hearing losses were discovered in 6.1% of 975 Intensive Care Nursery (ICN) graduates. The methods used were neonatal screening by Crib-O-Gram (COG) and high risk register, in combination with repeated behavioral hearing tests at 1 to 3 years. This 7-year longitudinal study had follow-up hearing evaluations for a remarkably high 84% of all subjects. Significant losses that interfered with speech and language development (1000 to 8000 Hz average loss greater than 45 dB HL bilaterally) were found in 4.3% of infants. COG in combination with subsequent behavioral hearing screening was a sensitive strategy for detecting significant hearing loss: only one child was missed with this combination. Alone, COG sensitivity to significant hearing losses was 79.3%, but would have been higher had a stricter passing criterion been adopted. Behavioral hearing screenings detected bilateral hearing losses of even mild (greater than 20 dB HL) degree. Sensitivity to significant hearing losses was 82.6% and would have been improved if test frequencies greater than 3000 Hz were included in the screen. Even if screening failure occurred at 1 year of age, the age of actual confirmation of hearing loss depended on severity of the loss and ear involvement. Significant hearing losses were confirmed earlier than less severe or unilateral losses. Although behavioral screenings could be done during the first year of life, continued follow-up was required to detect progressive hearing losses.     

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in children studying in special schools

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility and practicalities of testing children in special school settings using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and tympanometry. Children studying in special schools, particularly those with intellectual impairment, may be highly susceptible to hearing pathologies and can be difficult to assess using traditional test batteries. Researchers have recently suggested the possible applicability of TEOAE testing, in lieu of conventional behavioral methods, as a hearing screening device for persons with intellectual impairment. However, to date, few publications have detailed the particulars and results of such testing. METHODS: A total of 489 children, with a mean age of 9.6 years, were tested in 15 special schools. Case information was obtained regarding birth history, medical history and type/degree of impairment, for later comparison with screening results. TEOAEs were collected using Quickscreen mode of the ILO292 Otodynamics Analyzer, whilst tympanometry was performed utilizing a Madsen Zodiac 901 Middle Ear Analyzer. RESULTS: In total, 80% of students were able to be tested using TEOAEs. Average test time per ear was 2 min. However, a large proportion (40% of those able to be tested) failed TEOAE testing in at least one ear. No significant effects were found between could-not-test (CNT) cases and case history factors. A significant difference in TEOAE failure rates was found across history of neonatal special care nursery residency and history of parental concern regarding possible hearing impairment. Failure rates were higher for those who indicated positive histories. A total of 74% of subjects could be tested using tympanometry, with 25% of those able to be tested failing in at least one ear. Notably, neither type nor degree of impairment had any significant bearing on CNT or failure rates for tympanometry or TEOAE screening. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the present investigation lend support to the review of hearing screening programs for children in special schools, with TEOAEs presenting as a potential alternative procedure. Further examination of the performance measures of protocols incorporating TEOAEs would now be advantageous.     

Clinical Course of Pediatric Congenital Inner Ear Malformations

Objective To determine any factors that could improve the early detection and management of congenital inner ear malformations. Study Design A retrospective review was performed of all patients with a diagnosis of inner ear malformation at Loyola University Medical Center (LUMC) and the Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) between 1987 and 1995. Clinical records and audiometric data were accumulated. One neuroradiologist reviewed every temporal bone computed tomography (CT) scan. Methods Forty‐six pediatric patients with congenital inner ear anomalies evaluated at two tertiary care hospitals. Results The average patient age at initial assessment was 25.7 months. A family history of hearing loss was noted in only five patients (12.8%). A major nonotological deformity was seen in 41% of patients. The average hearing threshold was 88 dB. All three patients with sudden hearing loss had vestibular aqueduct enlargement. Two of the three patients with common cavity anomalies had a history of recurrent meningitis. Twenty‐seven patients had a vestibular aqueduct deformity, the most frequent radiographic abnormality in the series. Conclusions Because inner ear malformation was diagnosed after 24 months of age in a significant percentage of patients, we recommend increased parental education and vigilance by primary care practitioners. Universal newborn screening may be the key to earlier detection of these infants. For children with idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss, we recommend a temporal bone CT scan. Patients with vestibular aqueduct enlargement must be counseled about the risk of progressive sensorineural hearing loss, meningitis, and the need to avoid contact sports. Patients with common cavity abnormalities should be considered for exploratory tympanotomy and also educated about the risk for meningitis.     

Usher syndrome: an otoneurologic study

Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe hearing loss or deafness and retinitis pigmentosa. Eleven families with 25 affected members were studied. The test battery included genetic studies, clinical examination, audiological, ophthalmologic, and otoneurological tests, and magnetic resonance imaging. Sixteen affected persons had profound hearing loss or were considered anacusic, with absent bilateral vestibular responses. These patients had varying degrees of retinitis pigmentosa. These 16 patients were considered to have type I Usher syndrome. Nine persons were diagnosed as Usher type II with a moderate to profound hearing loss, normal vestibular function, and retinitis pigmentosa of varying degree. Magnetic resonance imaging was normal in all cases. Otoneurological tests indicated no central nervous system disturbances. The conclusion is that hearing loss and balance problems in Usher syndrome are due to inner ear damage with no evidence of central nervous system disturbances. Furthermore, the ataxia seen in Usher type I is due to a combination of retinitis pigmentosa and bilateral peripheral vestibular deficiency.     

"Vibrant Soundbridge" middle ear implant for auditory rehabilitation in sensory hearing loss. I. Clinical aspects, indications and initial results

BACKGROUND: The adequate therapy for patients suffering from a sensory hearing loss consists of fitting electronic hearing devices. Conventional hearing aids, however, present with significant inherent drawbacks such as insufficient amplification in the high frequency range, problems with the ear mold (feed back, occlusion, external otitis), or distortion of sound with an "unnatural" hearing impression. METHODS: The partially implantable middle ear device Vibrant Soundbridge provides a sound wave conversion into mechanical vibrations at the middle ear ossicles using the Floating Mass Transducer (FMT). The audiological advantages are due to a direct moving force to the perilymph via incus and stapes. The Vibrant Soundbridge system is indicated in patients with a medium to severe symmetrical sensory hearing loss and a normal middle ear. Candidates need previous experience with conventional hearing aids without satisfactory results. RESULTS: The eight operated patients report a "natural" quality of sound and speech, a better hearing perception at high frequencies and the absence of feed back phenomena. Audiological evaluation and questionnair results support the patients subjective hearing impression. CONCLUSIONS: The Vibrant Soundbridge improves hearing quality in patients with sensory hearing loss. The hearing implant is indicated in particular in patients that are unable to wear conventional hearing aids.     

The 5-year incidence and progression of hearing loss: the epidemiology of hearing loss study

CONTEXT: Hearing impairment affects many older adults, but the incidence is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the 5-year incidence and progression of hearing impairment. DESIGN: A longitudinal, population-based study of adults aged 48 to 92 years at baseline examination. Hearing sensitivity was measured twice, 5 years apart. SETTING: Testing was conducted at the Beaver Dam Community Hospital, Beaver Dam, Wis. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1636 participants without hearing loss and 1085 participants with hearing loss at the baseline examination in 1993-1995 were reexamined in 1998-2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The examinations included otoscopy, screening tympanometry, and tone air- and bone-conduction audiometry. Incidence of hearing impairment was defined as a pure-tone average (PTA) of thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz (PTA 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) greater than 25 dB HL (hearing level) in either ear at follow-up among those without hearing loss at baseline. Progression was defined as a change of more than 5 dB in the PTA 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz among those with hearing loss at baseline. RESULTS: The 5-year incidence of hearing impairment was 21%. More than half of those with hearing loss at baseline experienced a decline in hearing. Age was an important risk factor for both incidence and progression. Male sex, occupation, and education were associated with the incidence of hearing loss after adjusting for age. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults have a high risk of developing hearing loss. Among those with hearing loss, most experience further declines in hearing sensitivity over time. These data indicate that hearing impairment is an important public health problem and underscore the need for appropriate hearing screening and treatment.     

多地区农村的新生儿听力筛查

目的：探讨在农村地区开展新生儿听力筛查的可行性,为在全国农村地区推广此项工作提供参考依据。方法：研究对象为2004—01—2005—12出生于农村地区九个县的新生儿12638例。采用瞬态诱发性耳声发射的快速筛查程序对出生后2～7d的新生儿实施听力筛查;筛查未通过者于出生后4～6周复筛,复筛未通过者进行跟踪随访和听力学诊断性检查。结果：12638例中10845例（85．8％）新生儿接受了筛查,其中正常新生儿9963例（91．9％）,高危新生儿882例（8．1％）。初筛通过7450例（68．7％）,未通过3395例（31．3％）。拒绝筛查1793例,占14．2％（1793／12638）,其中正常新生儿833例（46．5％）,高危新生儿960例（53．5％）。未通过初筛应进行复筛的新生儿3395例,实际复筛2536例（74．7％）,未能复筛859例（25．3％）。复筛或初筛未通过应接受听力诊断120例,实际接受听力诊断79例（65．8％）,52例确诊听力损失的患儿中6例（7．6％）为双侧极重度听力损失,9例（11．4％）为重度听力损失（双耳7例,单耳2例）,11例（13．9％）为中度听力损失（双耳5例,单耳6例）,26例（32．9％）为轻度听力损失（双耳11例,单耳15例）;27例（34．2％）听力正常。本组先天性听力损失（包括单耳和双耳）的总发生率为0．5％（52／10845）,双侧听力损失的发生率为0．3％（29／10845）。正常新生儿听力损失发生率0．2％（22／9963）;高危新生儿听力损失发生率为3．4％（30／882）。13例双侧重度、极重度听力损失患儿中8例（61．5％）配戴了助听器,1例（7．7％）接受了人工耳蜗植入。结论：在农村地区开展新生儿听力筛查是必要的也是可行的。解决失访率高和转诊率低、提高高危新生儿筛查率仍是目前亟待解决的问题。