The Abuse of Rest as a Therapeutic Agent

Abstract

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias is an important cause of mortality in the United States, 4% of which occurs in patients with structurally normal hearts. At least some arrhythmias are caused by ≥ 1 mutation in 1 of the genes that control electrical conduction through the heart by altering calcium homeostasis or depolarization or repolarization gradients in the ventricle. Although SCD may be the first presentation, patients may often present with symptoms of palpitations or hemodynamic compromise, such as dizziness, seizure, or syncope, particularly following exertion. They may also be made aware of possibly having the condition due to symptoms in other family members. The primary care physician is ideally placed to investigate these symptoms, including detailed clinical and family histories and examining the baseline electrocardiogram. In all inherited cardiac death syndromes, first-degree relatives should be referred to a cardiologist, and should undergo testing appropriate for the condition. While management of patients at risk of SCD largely centers on risk stratification and, if necessary, insertion of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, there are a number of other treatments being developed. β-Blockers are often very effective in preventing arrhythmic episodes associated with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and some subtypes of long QT syndrome. In certain situations, calcium channel blockers may also be used. Quinidine and isoproterenol can be useful in treating Brugada syndrome. Left cervicothoracic stellectomy may occasionally be used in the treatment of long QT syndrome. As the genetic basis of these diseases becomes known, genetic testing is forming an increasingly important part of diagnosis, and gene-specific therapy is an area under investigation.     

Efficacy of the Novel Topical Antimicrobial Agent PXL150 in a Mouse Model of Surgical Site Infections

Antimicrobial peptides have recently emerged as a promising new group to be evaluated in the therapeutic intervention of infectious diseases. This study evaluated the anti-infectious effect of the short, synthetic, broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide PXL150 in a mouse model of staphylococcal surgical site infections. We found that administration of PXL150, formulated in an aqueous solution or in a hydroxypropyl cellulose gel, significantly reduced the bacterial counts in the wound compared with placebo treatment, warranting further investigations of the potential of this peptide as a novel local treatment of microbial infections.     

Preventive treatment of migraine: Effect on weight

Weight gain is a common side effect of drugs used for headache prevention. Weight gain can adversely affect patient health, exacerbate comorbid metabolic disorders, and encourage noncompliance. Additionally, obesity may promote the chronification of episodic migraine. Few studies have looked specifically at the effect that headache medications have on weight. The practicing physician needs accurate information about important side effects, including weight gain, when selecting appropriate pharmacologic regimens. This article discusses the potential effects the more common headache medications have on weight.     

Role of Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a New Reporter and Drug-Screening Platform: Implications for Preventing Hepatitis B Virus Infections

Molecular Imaging and Biology - Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a transmembrane protein responsible for delivering indocyanine green (ICG), an ideal infrared fluorescent...     

Review of Interventions for the Frailty Syndrome and the Role of Metformin as a Potential Pharmacologic Agent for Frailty Prevention

Purpose

Frailty is a syndrome of vulnerability and physical decline with aging that increases risk for disability, hospitalizations, and death. To date, interventions for frailty have primarily focused on exercise and/or nutritional interventions, many of which show improvement in frailty-related characteristics, such as gait speed and lower extremity strength and function. The goal of this article was to review prior research studies investigating interventions for frailty and review the literature with regard to the role of insulin resistance and inflammation in the development of frailty. Also included is a discussion of potential therapeutic interventions for frailty.

云南白药对带状疱疹皮肤破溃并感染患者的疗效观察

目的：探讨云南白药对带状疱疹患者皮肤破溃并感染的治疗效果。方法观察120例确诊为带状疱疹的患者,挑选其中皮肤明显破溃的90例患者,随机分为云南白药换药组及氟哌酸换药组,每组45例,分别按照要求进行换药,同时配合行之有效的辨证施护,进而观察皮肤恢复疗效。结果45例带状疱疹患者使用云南白药换药有效率为100%,明显优于氟哌酸换药组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论云南白药配合针灸治疗带状疱疹创面可有效降低感染、缩短病程、节省费用、降低后遗神经痛的发生,具有良好的经济效益及社会效益。     

Effect of Interferon Inducers and Interferon on Bacterial Infections

The effect of interferon inducers and exogenous L-cell interferon on the infection of mice by Pasteurella tularensis or Diplococcus pneumoniae was investigated. The results indicate that the degree of protection is dependent on the type of inducer used. A variety of defense mechanisms with limited nonspecific activity appear to be involved.     

青蒿琥酯预防日本血吸虫病临床试验

目的　客观、正确评价青蒿琥酯预防日本血吸虫病的现场应用效果及其影响因素和毒副反应 ,为拟定规范的服药方案提供科学依据。方法　在江西、安徽和湖北三省血吸虫病流行区的志愿者中 ,采用双盲试验法将受试居民随机分成实验和对照两组 ,先服单剂吡喹酮 ( 4 0～ 5 0mg/kg)清虫 ,随后实验组于接触疫水后每隔 7天和 15天口服青蒿琥酯 ( 6mg/kg) 1次 ,对照组口服与青蒿琥酯剂型相同的安慰剂。末次给药后 3 0天用孵化法和改良Kato法作粪便检查。在服药过程中和中止服药后不同时期观察毒副反应。结果　在江西省所有 467例实验组“7天间隔服药”粪检阳性率为 0 ,保护率为 10 0 % ;在对照组 3 97例居民粪检平均阳性率为 10 .3 %。湖北省的上述剂量预防作用与江西的相同。而“15天间隔服药”受试志愿者保护率为 3 7.7%～ 10 0 % ,实验组保护率与对照组感染率和暴露率存在明显负相关。青蒿琥酯的副作用轻 ,血和尿常规、心电图、肝、肾功能治疗前后无明显改变。结论　通过上述研究 ,阐明了青蒿琥酯的预防效果及其影响因素 ,并据此提出了获得最佳保护率的服药方案。     

正压静脉留置针用于艾滋病合并多重耐药菌感染患者的效果观察

目的探讨正压静脉留置针在艾滋病合并多重耐药菌感染患者中的应用效果。方法将100例艾滋病合并多重耐药菌感染患者按随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组各50例,对照组采用普通留置针进行输液,观察组采用正压留置针输液,比较两组留置针的滴速,留置时间,导管堵塞、静脉炎发生率,以及患者对护理工作的满意度。结果观察组滴速、留置时间优于对照组,导管堵塞发生率低于对照组,患者对护理工作满意度高于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论正压静脉留置针应用于艾滋病合并多重耐药菌感染患者的输液治疗,更能满足患者的输液需求,提高患者对护理工作的满意度,提高工作效率。     

静注人免疫球蛋白对重症感染患儿免疫功能的调节作用

目的 观察静注人免疫球蛋白对重症感染患儿淋巴细胞亚群及细胞因子的免疫调节作用,探讨在重症感染时使用免疫球蛋白的作用机制及安全性.方法 体外用不同浓度的免疫球蛋白(低浓度0.2%和高浓度2%)同重症感染患儿外周血淋巴细胞共培养,应用流式细胞术单克隆抗体直接免疫荧光法检测淋巴细胞亚群改变,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定培养液中淋巴细胞分泌IL-2,IL-4,TNF-α和LFN-γ,的水平.结果 重症感染患儿外周血淋巴细胞与低浓度免疫球蛋白共培养前后CD3+、CD25+、CD3+CD25+、CD4+、CD28+、CD4+CD28+、CD95+、CD152+计数均无明显差异(P＞0.05);培养后培养液中淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ水平减低有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而IL-2,IL-4,TNF-α水平减低无统计学意义(P＞0.05).用高浓度免疫球蛋白共培养后CD152+淋巴细胞计数增高有明显差异(P＜0.05),其他CD亚群改变不明显(P＞0.05);淋巴细胞分泌IL-2,IL-4,TNF-α和IFN-γ水平减低有极显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 低浓度免疫球蛋白对严重全身感染患儿的T淋巴细胞亚群影响较小.高浓度免疫球蛋白通过影响CD152+,影响严重全身感染患儿外周血淋巴细胞活化,减少炎性细胞因子的分泌.提示高浓度免疫球蛋白在重症感染中应用一方面可能有一定的免疫抑制作用;另一方面可能有抑制或阻断细胞因子的过度释放,避免严重全身炎症反应综合征进一步发展的作用.     

Modifying Y zeolite with chloropropyl for improving Cu load on Y zeolite as a super Cu/Y catalyst for toluene oxidation

Developing an efficient catalyst is desirable when for example moving from a noble metal-based catalyst to a transition metal-based one for VOC removal. In this work, the chloropropyl-modified NaY zeolite (NaY-CPT) was first synthesized in an extremely dense system through introducing 3-chloropropyl-trimethoxysilane (CPT) in the aluminosilicate sol. Then the Cu/Y-CPT catalyst was fabricated by impregnating Cu species on the NaY-CPT zeolite and the highly effective Cu/Y based catalyst has been achieved for catalytic toluene oxidation. The structure evolution of CPT modified sol and its effect on texture properties of NaY-CPT and thereby reduction ability of Cu/Y catalyst were systematically investigated by synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering (SR-SAXS), EXAFS and other characterization. The CPT modified sol can promote the formation of more active aluminosilicate species, greatly accelerating crystal growth and improving framework Si/Al ratio of NaY zeolite. Due to the presence of the CPT group, the Cu/Y-CPT catalyst enhanced the interaction between Cu species and the zeolite matrix, resulting in small sized CuO nanoparticles (2.0–4.0 nm) anchoring to NaY-CPT. The Cu/Y-CPT catalyst renders more isolated Cu²⁺ species and adsorbed oxygen species, which are reactive in the oxidation reaction due to their high reducibility and mobility. Finally, the Cu/Y-CPT catalyst exhibits 90% toluene conversion at 296 °C (T₉₀), lower than the value of 375 °C on the conventional Cu/Y-con catalyst. Meanwhile, the optimal Cu/Y-CPT catalyst also gives higher toluene conversion and stability in moisture conditions.

The specific Cu/Y-CPT catalysts having high CuO dispersibility can expose more active sites and exhibit remarkable toluene oxidation activity.     

Effect of Pyran on Latency After Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

The immunomodulator pyran protected mice against both herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infections. In infections of the lip with HSV-1, prophylactic administration of pyran reduced the severity of the herpetic lesions and enhanced their resolution, but did not decrease the high incidence of development of latent HSV-1 infection of the trigeminal ganglia. In vaginal infections with HSV-2, prophylactic administration of pyran either systemically or locally reduced mortality, reduced the incidence of mice with vaginal HSV-2 infection, and did not alter the low incidence of latent infection of the spinal dorsal root ganglia. Pyran treatment before systemic herpetic infection after intravenous inoculation of HSV-2 also reduced mortality and virus replication, as evidenced by a decreased antibody response in the survivors, and it either reduced latent infection in the spinal dorsal root ganglia or did not predispose mice to latent infection. Treatment with the immunomodulator appeared to inhibit or reduce HSV infection early in viral pathogenesis in all three model systems, producing protection from clinical disease and resulting in less virus to induce a systemic antibody response, with either a reduction in latent virus infection or no enhancement of development of latency. In all of the HSV models, the development of latent herpetic infection was closely correlated with sufficient virus replication early in the infection to induce a systemic neutralizing-antibody response.     

治未病理念应用于亚健康人群体检中的健康促进效果观察

目的在治未病理念指导下,应用中医体质辨识对亚健康状态人群分类后给予个体化的健康指导干预,观察亚健康状态改善情况,探讨中医药调治亚健康的优势及意义。方法将80例亚健康体检者,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组常规西医体检后给予常规健康指导干预,观察组在常规西医体检基础上增加中医体质辨识并根据体质类型给予个体化的健康指导干预。两组初次体检结束1年后再次参加体检。在2次体检过程中,护理人员协助受试者填写亚健康状况评价问卷,评估受试者的亚健康状态。结果通过1年健康指导干预,观察组疲劳、精神、免疫力、胃肠道、心血管症状评分及总分均较干预前降低,经比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而对照组只有胃肠道、心血管症状评分及总分较干预前降低,经比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);组间比较中,观察组疲劳、精神、免疫力症状评分及总分均低于对照组,经比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。且观察组40例亚健康状态人群中有17例(43%)恢复到健康状态,而对照组40例中只有5例(13%),观察组疗效优于对照组(χ2=5.206,P=0.023)。结论中医体质辨识后的个体化健康指导有助于缓解亚健康状态,尤其在改善疲劳、精神症状,增强免疫力方面,较常规健康教育干预有更加明显的优势。     

昂丹司琼预防剖宫产产妇寒战的临床观察

目的：研究昂丹司琼对剖官产产妇寒战的预防作用。方法：选择在腰硬联合麻醉下行剖官产的产妇80例，ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级，随机分成2组：昂丹司琼组（Ⅰ组），对照组（Ⅱ组）每组40例。麻醉前开放静脉通路，Ⅰ组即给予昂丹司琼8mg静脉注射，Ⅱ组即给予注射用水4mL静脉注射。观察记录产妇术中寒战发生的情况，并持续监测围术期呼吸循环的变化，测定麻醉阻滞平面，记录胎儿出生后的Apgar评分。结果：寒战发生率Ⅰ组为27、5％，Ⅱ组为60．0％；Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较差异均有显著性（P〈O．05）；2组比较围术期呼吸循环变化差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；2组胎儿出生后Apgar评分差异亦无显著性（P〉0．05）；术中恶心、呕吐发生率Ⅰ组（5．0％）比Ⅱ组（20％）显著降低（P〈0．05）。结论：麻醉前预先静脉注射昂丹司琼8mg，有助于预防剖宫产产妇寒战，昂丹司琼还可明显降低术中恶心、呕吐的发生率。     

手术患者浅低温综合预防效果分析

目的：手术患者术中体温稳定措施,减少浅低温发生。方法：手术患者40例,分保温组和非保温组。非保温组未采取加温措施,保温组使用加温输液和输血、37℃冲洗液等措施,观察记录术前、皮肤消毒后、术中、术毕体温及失血量和术后气管导管拔管时间。结果：与非保温组比较,保温组浅低温的发生率、失血量、术后气管拔管时间明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：手术室护士应重视手术中体温的变化。     

旋腕运动预防PICC术后静脉血栓形成的效果观察

目的 探讨旋腕运动预防经外周置入中心静脉导管术后静脉血栓的临床效果。方法 选取2016年7月—2018年6月行经外周置入中心静脉导管置管术后的240例患者,按时间先后顺序分为对照组和观察组各120例,对照组实施常规护理预防措施,观察组在对照组基础上配合旋腕运动,比较2组患者静脉血栓的发生率。结果 观察组上肢静脉血栓形成的发生率（3.3%）明显低于对照组（10.8%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 实施旋腕运动能加快肱二头肌静脉血回流速度,能显著降低经外周置入中心静脉导管术后患者上肢静脉血栓的发生率。     

Effect of Tilorone Treatment on Intracellular Microbial Infections in Specific-Pathogen-Free Mice

Specific-pathogen-free CD-1 mice were treated orally with the drug tilorone (2,7-bis[2-diethylaminoethoxy]fluoren-9-one hydrochloride) at dosages of 10 or 100 mg per kg of body weight. Drug was given 24 h before challenge and then every other day for up to 15 days. Growth of sublethal doses of Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium bovis (BCG Montreal), M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and Salmonella enteritidis in the livers and spleens of intravenously challenged mice was significantly increased compared with that in control animals receiving distilled water orally. Tilorone given every other day at a dosage of 10 mg/kg reduced (but did not completely ablate) the tuberculin response to the mycobacterial infections. Both tuberculin hypersensitivity and anti-mycobacterial resistance returned to normal values within days of stopping the drug treatment. Tilorone treatment at the 100-mg/kg dose level increased the growth of S. enteritidis in both intravenously and intragastrically challenged mice; this effect seemed to be due to the reduced ability of the host to express the normal granulomatous response to the microbial infection within the liver and spleen.