Osteomyelitis after Operative Fracture Treatment: A Report of 62 Cases Treated with Radical Surgery and Lincomycin (Lincocin®)

During the years 1967–1975 a total of 62 patients were treated for postoperative osteomyelitis. The lower extremities had been fractured in 89 per cent of the cases and 54 per cent were closed injuries. The fractures, mostly caused by traffic accidents and falls, had been immobilized by plates in 30 and by intramedullary nails or pins in 25 patients.

Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 80 per cent, 68 per cent of them were resistant to penicillin, but in 84 per cent the organisms were highly lincomycin sensitive and only three patients with four osteomyelitic lesions presented lincomycin resistance.

The treatment consisted chiefly of sequestrectomies and saucerizations supported by 3–12 months of lincomycin treatment. In 30 operations a closed irrigation-suction technique was used, perfusing the wound with lincomycin solution. Stable implants should be left in place until the fracture is clinically solid whereas unstable osteosyntheses should be replaced by rigid internal or extraskeletal fixation.

At follow-up, the results were judged as good in 74 per cent, fair 8 per cent and poor 18 per cent. The amputation rate was 13 per cent.

Plates should not be used in the treatment of comminuted tibial fractures with considerable soft tissue damage.     

Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis: A Prospective Study of 55 Cases Treated with Radical Surgery and Primary Wound Closure

A prospective and consecutive series of 55 patients were treated for chronic osteomyelitis occurring mainly in the lower extremity and after fractures treated with internal fixation. The mean duration of osteomyelitis was 27 months. Sixty- five per cent had previously undergone operations and had been hospitalized for an average of 131 days. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 72 per cent of the cases as the solitary agent. In 6 cases no bacteria were found. The remaining cases had more than one species. The treatment consisted of radical operation, removal of all internal fixation, sequestrectomy, partial decortication and primary wound closure with suction drainage. External fixation was used for bone stabilization. In 13 cases plastic procedures were carried out. Antibiotics appropriate for the sensitivity patterns were given for a maximum of 3 months. Primary wound healing was obtained in 98 per cent of the cases. In practically all cases the sedimentation rate normalized within 4 weeks after the operation. The results in the available literature indicate that radical operation is effective in the treatment of osteomyelitis and this treatment seems economical as regards hospitalization time and quantity of antibiotics required     

Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis: A Prospective Study of 55 Cases Treated with Radical Surgery and Primary Wound Closure

A prospective and consecutive series of 55 patients were treated for chronic osteomyelitis occurring mainly in the lower extremity and after fractures treated with internal fixation. The mean duration of osteomyelitis was 27 months. Sixty- five per cent had previously undergone operations and had been hospitalized for an average of 131 days. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 72 per cent of the cases as the solitary agent. In 6 cases no bacteria were found. The remaining cases had more than one species. The treatment consisted of radical operation, removal of all internal fixation, sequestrectomy, partial decortication and primary wound closure with suction drainage. External fixation was used for bone stabilization. In 13 cases plastic procedures were carried out. Antibiotics appropriate for the sensitivity patterns were given for a maximum of 3 months. Primary wound healing was obtained in 98 per cent of the cases. In practically all cases the sedimentation rate normalized within 4 weeks after the operation. The results in the available literature indicate that radical operation is effective in the treatment of osteomyelitis and this treatment seems economical as regards hospitalization time and quantity of antibiotics required     

急性感染性纵隔炎的诊断和治疗（25例报告）

１９８０年１月～１９９１年１２月我们治疗２５例急性感染性纵隔炎，包括食管、气管穿孔后１１例，食管手术后８例，胸骨劈开心脏手术后５例，胸部外伤感染蔓延者１例。诊断要注重食管外伤和手术史。Ｘ线胸片和食管造影对诊断和治疗有重要意义。本组治愈率６０％，成功的关键是去除原发病因和进行有效的纵隔引流。     

Osteitis and Septic Arthritis after Tibial Head Fracture: Results of a Radical Treatment Regime

Abstract Objectives:  We report a series of 37 consecutive patients with both bone infection and septic arthritis of the knee following fracture of the proximal tibia. Aim of this study is to evaluate treatment results using a standardized treatment regime. The treatment regime consisted of an aggressive surgical approach to both the bone and the joint. In 61% the joint function was preserved, in the reminder an arthrodesis was required, there were no amputations. The difficulties in dealing with this condition are described as well as the clinical, radiological and occupational results. Design/Setting:  Data collection was prospective. Data gathered at follow up included clinical examination, radiographs and the Rassmussen scoring system. Setting is a bone and joint infection and reconstruction unit of a tertiary referral hospital. Patients/Methods:  Nine patients were female (24.3%). Mean age was 47.7 years (16.6–76.7 years). We classified fracture types according to Schatzker; ofwhich type VI fractures were the largest group with 13 cases. Results:  About 3.2 operations where required on average (1–7) for the treatment of infection. For 22 patients the joint function was salvaged. In the remaining cases an arthrodesis was required. Conclusions:  The reported treatment regime gives reliable results for the treatment of combined bone and joint infection of the knee after fracture. In a large group of cases it was possible to salvage joint function. Comparison to other forms of treatment is not possible as there are no reported results so far.     

老年人髋部骨折手术治疗的几个问题(附70岁以上143例报告)

本文总结143例70岁以上老年人髋部骨折手术治疗的临床资料。143例手术包括人工股骨头置换术52例,鹅头钉固定63例,加压螺旋钉13例,多针固定10例。术后死亡4例,死亡率2.7％。139例随访3～90个月,有92.7％患者有较好的功能。本组虽然有71.3％病人术前多种并存病,对手术有危险,但经过术前充分准备,术中心脏监护和加强术后护理,绝大多数患者能安全耐受过手术。     

胫骨骨折术后骨不连30例原因与疗效分析

目的分析胫骨骨折术后骨不连发生的原因与治疗效果。方法自1989年1月～2003年12月共收治胫骨骨折术后骨不连30例，其中22例采用有限接触钢板内固定 自体髂骨植骨术，4例采用外固定支架固定，4例采用带锁髓内钉内固定 植骨固定。结果术后平均随访14个月(8月～3年)，未发生骨髓炎等并发症。经X线片检查，骨折均骨性愈合，其中6～12月愈合17例，12～18个月愈合11例，大于18个月愈合2例。结论骨折区段的血供、内固定材料、操作技术三大综合因素是造成骨不连的主要原因。自体髂骨植骨加可靠内固定是治疗的重要方法。     

带锁髓内钉治疗粉碎性胫骨骨折28例体会

目的 回顾性分析带锁髓内钉治疗粉碎性胫骨骨折的疗效。方法 带锁髓内钉治疗粉碎性胫骨骨折28例，其中闭合性骨折18例，开放性骨折10例。闭合性骨折术中均扩髓，开放性骨折均不扩髓，全部骨折采用静力性固定。结果 18例闭合性骨折平均愈合时间15．8周，10例开放性骨折平均愈合时间21．2周。结论 带锁髓内钉治疗粉碎性胫骨骨折采用闭合复位和早期静力性固定，既有利于骨折的早期愈合和患早期的床上功能锻炼，同时也具有手术操作方便，闭合复位保留血供和减少并发症等优点．     

距骨严重骨折——脱位的手术治疗(附24例报告)

作者对24例距骨严重骨折脱位行手术治疗,按Gillgust分类法,24例中Ⅲ°19例,Ⅱ°5例骨折伴踝部复合伤。19例切开复位内固定,2例距下关节融合,3例胫距和距踉两关节融合术。随诊3—25年,疗效优良率为79.2％。认为尽早复位和适当的内固定是治疗的关键。     

静脉阻塞性阴茎异常勃起17例诊治分析

目的:探讨静脉阻塞性阴茎异常勃起的诊断和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析17例静脉阻塞性阴茎异常勃起患者的诊治方法。结果:17例患者均通过病史、体检、海绵体抽吸血气分析及多普勒超声检查确诊。经保守、海绵体抽吸、海绵体内注射药物及手术治疗后,17例患者中11例异常勃起完全消退,5例部分消退,1例因阴茎肿瘤治疗无效。随访2~6个月,其中3例出现ED。结论:阴茎海绵体血气分析、海绵体彩色多普勒检查对静脉阻塞性阴茎异常勃起有诊断价值,早期及正确应用海绵体注射药物和阴茎海绵体-尿道海绵体分流术是治疗静脉阻塞性阴茎异常勃起的可靠方法。     

胆胰术后胃瘫综合征的防治体会(附20例报告)

目的探讨胆胰术后胃瘫综合征(postoperative gastroparesis syndrome,PGS)发生的病因、诊断方法、治疗手段和疗效。方法20例胆胰术后PGS患者,均行保守治疗,其中全胃肠外营养(totalparenteral nutrition,TPN)8例,全肠内营养(total enteral nutrition,TEN)12例,其中加行足三里针炙5例。结果TPN组1例胰头癌患者因发生胰漏,诱发全身多器官功能衰竭而于术后第11d死亡,死亡前PGS未能治愈。其余19例患者均经保守治疗痊愈。在PGS治疗期间,TPN组发生霉菌感染2例,导管败血症1例;TEN组未发生与治疗相关的并发症。平均治愈时间:TPN组(34.2±3.5)d;TEN组为(26.3±8.6)d;TEN加针灸者为(20.5±9.3)d。结论胆胰术后PGS应尽量明确诊断,避免盲目手术治疗,保守支持治疗是有效治疗手段,TEN加针刺足三里的效果明显。     

髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折的治疗探讨（附20例报告）

本文报告髋关节后脱位合并股骨头骨折20例的治疗结果。经最短5年、最长10年的随访,20例中疗效满意14例,不满意6例。作者认为治疗效果的关键在于对骨折块的正确处理,同时还对治疗方法、手术入路的选择及并发症作了讨论。     

肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉瘤的诊断和治疗(附261例报告)

为提高腹主动脉瘤手术的安全性，对１９６０年１月～１９９７年１２月２６１例肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉瘤的处理进行了分析。１９７０年以前手术切除７３例，其中５０例经主动脉造影确诊。１９８７年以来的１７８例由Ｂ超和ＣＴ确诊，５例行动脉造影或数字减影造影（ＤＳＡ）、５例经磁共振血管成像明确了动脉瘤上界和肾动脉的关系。结果：患者均行动脉瘤切除人造血管移植，手术死亡率３．８％，５年存活率７４．４１％。腹主动脉瘤诊断中最为关键的是确定动脉瘤上界与肾动脉间的距离，若Ｂ超与ＣＴ不能肯定，主动脉造影或ＤＳＡ极有帮助。提示：手术操作和麻醉技术的改进使腹主动脉瘤修补术变得更为迅速、安全和方便。     

高龄腰腿痛的诊断与治疗(附56例报告)

本文报告56例70岁以上腰腿痛患者,并经手术治疗,发现病变有腰椎侧隐窝狭窄、黄韧带钙化、硬化性椎间盘、神经根管狭窄。56例中,42例获1—3年的随访,优良率为95％。认为术前要全面检查,术式应根据病情及病员耐受情况而定。     

VE-B电汽化疗法加膀胱灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎的临床研究（附520例报告）

目的：探讨VE-B电汽化疗法加膀胱灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎的临床效果.方法：对520例女性腺性膀胱炎患者采用VE-B滚轮式汽化电极进行经尿道膀胱黏膜电汽化术,并辅以膀胱腔内药物灌注进行治疗.结果：本组520例患者有效率为90.3%,其中疗效满意者68.4%,基本满意者21.9%;无效9.7%.结论：采用VE-B电汽化术辅以膀胱灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎疗效确切,值得在基层医院推广.     

小切口复位带锁髓内针治疗股骨干骨折（附54例报告）

目的：对股骨干骨折采用小切口开放复位带锁央内钉治疗进行回顾性分析,方法：本组54例,男42例,女12例,年龄19－62例,闭合性骨折46例,其中骨不连6例,开放性骨折8例,全部采用小切口复位带锁髓内钉内固定,静力固定的,术后6－10周拍示示骨折端有少量骨痂形成即改动力固定,骨不连病例均动力固定,术后所有病例均早期负重。结果：全部病例获得随访,随方时间6－30个月。全部骨折骨性愈合,平均愈合时间15周（8－24周）。无断钉、松动和感染情况发生。结论：本方法具有适应症广,骨折愈合快,组织损伤小,固定牢固,复位可靠,功能恢复快,并发症少等优点。又不需C臂X线机和骨科牵引床,适合在基层医院临床应用。     

加压滑动鹅头钉治疗股骨转子下骨折(附16例报告)

本文报告应用加压滑动鹅头钉治疗股骨转子下不稳定骨折16例,平均年龄37.6岁,平均随访2年6个月,全部病例获得骨愈合.平均愈合时间为术后12周.未发现远期及近期并发症.认为此钉设计合理,性能坚固,不仅适用于股骨转子间骨折,也同样适用于股骨转子下骨折,是转子下骨折的理想内固定钉.     

极外型腰椎间盘突出症的诊断和改良术式治疗经验体会(附8例报告)

目的 探讨极外型腰椎间盘突出症较为合理的手术方式。总结复习8例病人的临床特点、影像学资料和手术方式及治疗效果。方法 5例行关节突外侧开窗式椎间盘除术。3例合并有侧隐窝狭窄行关节突内侧部分切除减压加关节突外侧开窗椎间盘除术。结果 术后随访未见复发和腰椎不稳。优4例。良4例。结论 对于单纯的极外型椎间盘突出。采用小关节突外侧开窗,术中只切除少量的关节突和椎板峡部骨质;对合并有侧隐窝狭窄或椎管内椎间盘突出。采用小关节内侧部分切除,加小关节外侧开窗椎间盘除术式。保留部分关节突和椎板峡部。这两种术式均既处理了病灶。又最大限度地保留了骨性结构,对维持术后腰椎的稳定性和防止慢性腰痛的发生有积极的作用。     

肾钙乳症的诊断和治疗（附12例报告）

目的：探讨肾钙乳症的诊断和治疗方法.方法：回顾性分析1998～2009年收治的12例肾钙乳症患者的临床资料：12例均经X线腹部平片和超声检查,4例行CT检查;8例行肾钙乳囊腔切除术,1例行肾切除术,3例无症状者作随访观察.结果：术前确诊为肾钙乳症5例,拟诊为肾钙乳症3例,误诊为结石3例、结核1例.9例手术者术后恢复良好,3例仍在随访观察中.结论：本病的诊断主要依靠X线、B超及CT检查.对于病灶〈25mm无症状者,可随访观察;对于〈25 mm有症状者,应及早手术治疗.