经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生

目的 :评价经尿道钬激光前列腺剜除和前列腺组织粉碎术治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH)的临床效果。　方法 :应用 10 0W钬激光器和组织粉碎器对 35例BPH病人实施经尿道钬激光剜除和前列腺组织粉碎术治疗。　结果 :本组 35例手术均获成功。手术时间 30～ 180min ,平均 (6 0 .0± 2 3.2 )min。获得前列腺组织 10～ 5 6g ,平均(31± 9) g ,术后留置导尿管时间 2 0h～ 4d ,平均1.5d。无术中术后输血病例。组织病理学诊断均为BPH。 32例获随访 ,术后 3个月随访国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)由 (2 4.0± 6 .2 )分降至 (5 .6± 3.6 )分 (P <0 .0 0 1)。最大尿流率 (Qmax)由 (8.5± 3.9)ml/s上升至 (2 2 .0± 7.2 )ml/s(P <0 .0 0 1) ,残余尿由 (138± 12 5 )ml减少到 (2 1± 15 )ml,未发生严重并发症。　结论 :钬激光前列腺剜除术是治疗BPH的有效微创方法 ,术中术后出血少 ,能够完整剜除增生的前列腺组织。留置导尿管时间短 ,临床症状改善明显。     

网状支架治疗前列腺增生的远期疗效观察

目的 :观察网状支架治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH)的临床效果。方法 :对 36例BPH患者放置网状支架进行治疗 ,并分别于治疗后 6、12、2 4、4 8～ 6 0个月进行随访。结果 :全部患者术后均恢复排尿 ,早期有膀胱刺激征和血尿。获 2年以上随访的 17例患者 ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)从术前 2 8.6± 6 .2分减小至 6 .3± 3.9分 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,平均尿流率 (AFR)从术前 6 .8± 3.2ml s增加至 13.6± 6 .2ml s(P <0 .0 0 1) ,剩余尿量 (RUV)从术前15 6± 2 3.4ml减小至 4 2 .6± 30 .2ml(P <0 .0 0 1)。随访 4 8～ 6 0个月的 8例患者发生尿潴留 ,其中 3例作开放手术切除前列腺 ,1例拔除支架管后行前列腺电切术 ,另 4例行膀胱穿刺造瘘。结论 :网状支架是高危BPH患者的一种安全有效的近期治疗方法 ;放置支架管时间过长 ,可再次出现尿潴留 ,应根据患者情况作出适当处理     

经尿道等离子体双极电切治疗前列腺增生

目的 :探讨经尿道等离子体双极电切治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH)的安全性与有效性。方法 :采用经尿道等离子体双极电切行前列腺切除术 (PKVP)治疗BPH患者 10 0例。结果 :10 0例术中出血少 ,无前列腺电切综合征和闭孔神经反射的发生。术后随访 1～ 6个月 ,最大尿流率 (Qmax)由术前的 (7.8± 4 .2 )ml/s升高到术后的 (2 2 .4± 4 .7)ml/s;国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)由 (2 7.6± 4 .7)分降低至 (7.2± 2 .8)分 ;生活质量评分由 (4 .5±0 .5 )分降低至 (2 .5± 0 .5 )分 ;剩余尿量由 (76± 80 )ml减少至 (35± 4 5 )ml。结论 :PKVP具有安全性高、并发症少、前列腺切尽率高、疗效确切等优点。     

经尿道前列腺电切气化术治疗前列腺增生568例报告

目的 :进一步探讨前列腺增生 (BPH)的有效手术新方法。方法 :采用经尿道前列腺电切术和气化术治疗BPH患者 5 6 8例。结果 :疗效满意 ,术后 3～ 6个月随访 ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS) 8.5± 1.5分 ;最大尿流率 (Q max) 2 0 .5± 4 .5ml s,剩余尿量 2 9.1± 14 .2ml,未出现严重并发症。结论 :将电切和气化相结合行经尿道前列腺切除术是一种安全性高、并发症少、疗效确切的新手术方法 ,具有操作易掌握、出血少、速度快、安全可靠等优点。     

改良Madigan前列腺切除术125例临床分析

1994年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,我们采用改良Madigan前列腺切除术治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH)患者 12 5例 ,疗效满意。现报告如下。材料与方法　本组 12 5例。年龄4 9～ 82岁 ,平均 6 5 .8岁。病程 2个月至 15年。均有典型BPH临床表现 ,尿潴留 4 3例 ,余 82例剩余尿均 >5 0ml。IPSS 18～ 32分 ,平均 2 7.4分 ;生活质量评分 5～ 6分 ,平均 5 .4分 ;最大尿流率 3～ 10ml/s,平均 5 .0ml/s。12 5例患者术前均经直肠指检、B超、CT、血PSA和肾功能检查 ,部分经膀胱镜检查。以B超或CT测量前列腺体积作分度 ,其中Ⅰ°12例 ,Ⅱ°6 7例 ,Ⅲ°2 7…     

经尿道双极等离子电切术治疗良性前列腺增生疗效观察

目的 :探讨经尿道双极等离子电切术 (TUPKP)治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH)的疗效。　方法 :采用TUPKP治疗BPH 313例 ,记录手术时间 ,监测术中出血量 ,记录术后膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间及术后住院时间 ;监测围术期血液指标 ;术后 1个月 2 90例获随访 ,术后 3个月 2 88例获随访 ,术后 1年 14 2例获随访 ,随访前后检查最大尿流率 (Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)、生活质量评分 (QOL)并进行疗效分析。　结果 :本组手术时间 (5 1± 2 2 )min ,术中出血量 (6 6± 6 0 )ml,无电切综合征发生 ,术后膀胱冲洗时间 (11± 10 )h ,术后留置尿管时间 (2 .0± 1.8)d ,术后住院时间 (3.6± 1.3)d。Qmax由术前的 (9.0± 4 .4 )ml/s上升至术后 1个月的 (2 0 .5± 7.1)ml/s、术后 3个月的(2 1.8± 5 .4 )ml/s和术后 1年的 (2 1.4± 6 .6 )ml/s(P <0 .0 1) ,IPSS由术前 (2 6 .2± 5 .1)分下降至术后 1个月的 (6 .0± 9.0 )分、术后 3个月的 (5 .6± 0 .8)分和术后 1年的 (4 .4± 2 .7)分 (P <0 .0 1) ,QOL亦有显著改善 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论 :TUPKP治疗BPH安全、疗效好、并发症少 ,有良好的应用前景。     

经尿道前列腺电汽化术对性功能的影响

我院于 2 0 0 0年 11月～ 2 0 0 2年 8月对 5 0例良性前列腺增生 (BPH)病人进行了经尿道前列腺电汽化术 (transurethralvaporizationoftheprostate ,TU VP) ,并进行了手术前后的性功能调查 ,共 30例病人获得了完整资料 ,报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　 5 0例BPH病人 ,年龄 5 0～ 85岁 ,平均 70 .2岁 ;病程 1～ 15年 ,平均 3.6年。所有病人均有BPH症状 ,直肠指检前列腺为Ⅱ～Ⅲ度 ,经腹超声检查前列腺重约为 2 1～ 73g ,平均 4 2 g。IPSS症状评分为 (2 6± 2 .6 )分 ,生活质量评价为 (5 .5±0 .5 )分 ,最大尿流率为 (7.0± 4…     

经尿道电气化术联合电切术治疗前列腺增生症(附122例报告)

目的 :探讨良性前列腺增生症 (BPH)的有效治疗方法。方法 :联合应用经尿道前列腺电气化术(TUVP)和经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)治疗BPH患者 12 2例 ,平均年龄 72 .3岁 ,其中Ⅰ度增生 8例 ,Ⅱ度增生5 1例 ,Ⅲ度增生 37例 ,Ⅳ度增生 2 6例。结果 :手术操作时间 30～ 15 0min ,平均 74.2 9min。 1例 (0 .8% )术中输血40 0ml,2例 (1.6 % )术后输血 2 0 0～ 40 0ml。发生 1例 (0 .8% )电切综合征。术后平均留置导尿管 5d。随访 1～10个月 ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)由术前 (2 9.8± 1.5 )分降至术后 2个月 (10 .9± 1.0 )分 (P <0 .0 1) ,排尿通畅 ,并发症少。结论 :TUVP与TURP联合应用治疗BPH具有二者的优点 ,出血少 ,能切除更多前列腺组织 ,并发症少 ,疗效显著     

国产网状支架治疗前列腺增生的疗效观察

目的　观察网状支架治疗前列腺增生 (BPH)的临床效果。方法　对 42例BPH患者放置网状支架治疗 ,术后6个月进行随访。结果　 42例均一次性置管成功。 3 9例植入支架后立即自行排尿 ,2例前列腺增生过大 ,前列腺部尿道弯曲延长 ,植入 1个支架排尿仍困难 ,再次植入第 2个支架后自行排尿。 1例支架植入后向下移位 ,发生尿失禁 ,经尿道注入 4℃以下冷水 3 0 0ml,在X线引导下 ,经尿道插入活检钳 ,夹住支架远端向上调整后 ,排尿恢复正常。 3 8例生活质量评分 0～ 3级。 2 8例术后随访 ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)术前 2 8.6± 6.2分减少至 3 .2分 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,平均尿流率 (AFR)术前 ( 6.8± 3 .2 )ml/s增加至 ( 13 .6± 4.8)ml/s(P <0 .0 0 1) ,剩余尿量 (RUV )术前 ( 15 6± 2 3 .4)ml减少至 ( 60 .3± 2 6.5 )ml(P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　网状支架治疗高危BPH患者是一种安全有效的治疗方法     

经尿道电气化术治疗前列腺增生的远期疗效

目的 :评价经尿道电气化术 (TUVP)治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH)的远期疗效。方法 :BPH患者 80例 ,根据治疗方法分为TUVP组和经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)组 ,比较其国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)、生活质量评分 (QOL) ,最大尿流率Qmax、膀胱剩余尿量 (PRV)及远期并发症 (尿道狭窄、尿失禁及再次手术 )的发生率等情况。结果 :TUVP与TURP患者的各项指标术前分别为IPSS(2 9.7± 4 .3)和 (2 8.6± 4 .5 )分、QOL(5 .7± 0 .8)和 (5 .3± 0 .7)分、Qmax(8.4± 3.9)和 (8.2± 4 .2 )ml/s、PRV(2 4 3.0± 5 5 .3)和 (2 4 0 .0± 4 7.2 )ml,均P值 >0 .0 5。术后分别为IPSS(8.1± 1.7)和 (10 .7± 2 .6 )分 ,QOL(1.7± 0 .6 )和 (2 .0± 0 .5 )分 ,Qmax(2 1.6± 4 .3)和 (19.1±4 .3)ml/s、PRV(2 8.7± 10 .4 )和 (38.7± 12 .5 )ml,均P值 >0 .0 5。远期并发症的发生率分别为 5 .2 % (TUVP)和7.1% (TURP) ,P值 >0 .0 5。结论 :TUVP与作为金标准的TURP长期疗效是等同的     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.