B_1肾上腺素能阻滞剂Nebivolol

合成6-氟-4-氧代苯并吡喃-2-羧酸(1)在乙酸中以Pd/C催化氢化得6-氟-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-羧酸(Ⅱ),进一步用双(2-甲基丙基)氢化铝和1,1’-羰基双(1H-咪唑)在THF中还原得到6-氟-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-2-甲醛(Ⅲ),Ⅲ与三甲基亚砜碘化物和NaH在DMSO中反应得到2-环氧乙基-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃(Ⅳ),Ⅳ与苄胺(Ⅴ)在醇中回流缩合得到Ⅵ,后者在甲醇中用Pd/C催化氢化脱去保护基得到Nebivolol[AU 8436326,EP 145067,JP 85132977]。     

普卢利沙星关键中间体的合成

3，4-二氟苯胺经一系列反应制得[（3，4-二氟苯胺基）（乙硫基）亚甲基]丙二酸二乙酯，再经闭环、羟基保护、氯代，最后脱保护、闭环得到普卢利沙星关键中间体6，7-二氟-1-甲基-4-氧代-1H，4H-[1，3]硫氮杂环丁烷并[3，2-α]喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯，总收率23％。     

非达司他的合成

对氟苯甲醚与马来酸酐缩合、碱性闭环得到(±)-6-氟-3,4-二氢-4-氧代-2H-1-苯并吡喃-2-羧酸,和氯化亚砜反应得到的酰氯与(S)-(-)-1-苯乙胺缩合,得到的酰胺差向异构体混合物利用乙醇重结晶拆分并水解得到单一对映体(2S)-6-氟-3,4-二氢-4-氧代-2H-1-苯并吡喃-2-羧酸,再经闭环、酯化、氨解等反应得到非达司他,总收率21%.     

N-(双膦羧次甲基)-6-(5-氟-2,4-二氧代-3,4-二氢-2H-嘧啶-1-基)-6-氧代-己酰胺的合成及其初步的骨靶向性研究

目的合成N-（双膦羧次甲基）-6（5-氟-2，4-二氧代3，4-二氢-2H-嘧啶-1-基）-6-氧代-己酰胺，并进行初步体外骨靶向性实验。方法以5-氟尿嘧啶为原料，经硅烷化、缩合、氢解3步合成6-（5-氟-2，4-二氧代-3，4-二氢-2H-嘧啶-1-基）-6-氧代-己酸（2），用二氯亚砜氯化后再与含氨基的偕二膦酸酯偶联，最后再用溴代三甲基硅烷特异性解离掉膦酸酯得到目标化合物L，并采用羟磷灰石晶体吸附实验考察目标物的骨靶向性。结果合成了目标物L，并利用^-1H—NMR、IR和MS进行了结构确证。结论体外骨靶向性实验结果显示目标物L有较好的骨靶向性。     

伊曲康唑区域和几何异构体的合成及结构阐明

以顺式或反式-[2-溴甲基-2-(2，4-二氯苯基)-1，3-二氧戊环-4-基]甲醇苯甲酸酯为原料，经与三唑缩合、水解、柱色谱纯化、甲磺酰化，最后与4-[4-[4-(4-羟基苯基)-1-哌嗪基]苯基]-2，4-二氢-2-(1-甲基丙基)-3H-1，2，4-三唑-3-酮缩合，可分别得到抗真菌药物伊曲康唑(1)的区域异构体2或几何异构体3。比较1、2和3的^1HNMR谱学特征。2和3可作为1质量控制的对照物。     

利培酮的合成

目的研究利培酮的合成工艺。方法以4-哌啶甲酸为原料，经氨基保护及氯代得到1-乙氧甲酰基-4-哌啶甲酰氯（3）-3与1．3-二氟苯经傅-克酰基化、脱氨基保护、肟化、环合、成盐得到6-氟-3-（4-哌啶基）-1,2-苯并异唔唑盐酸盐（7）。7和3-（2-氯乙基）-6，7，8,9-四氢-2-甲基-4H-吡啶并[1，2-a]嘧啶-4-酮在碱催化下缩合得到利培酮（1）。结果与结论合成的利培酮经^1H-NMR、^13C-NMR、MS确证结构．总收率21．5%。该合成工艺原料价廉易得、操作简便，适合工业化生产。     

莫西沙星8-二氟甲氧基类似物的合成与体内外抗菌作用

1-环丙基-6，7-二氟-8-甲氧基-1，4-二氢．4-氧代喹啉．3-羧酸乙酯依次经醚键断裂、酯化、二氟甲基醚化得1．环丙基-6，7-二氟-8-二氟甲氧基-1，4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉．3-羧酸乙酯，然后经过螫合、与[1S，6S]-2．叔丁氧羰基．2，8．二氮杂双环[4，3，0]壬烷缩合、最后脱除叔丁氧羰基保护得到1-环丙基．8．二氟甲氧基-7-[（1S，6S）．2，8．二氮杂双环[4，3，0]壬烷．8．基]-6-氟．1，4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸。目标化合物的结构经核磁共振氢谱和质谱（ESI）所确证，并测定了其体内外抗菌作用，结果表明该化合物优于对照药环丙沙星，与莫西沙星相当或略优，尤其对肺炎链球菌29074的体内活性突出，值得深入评价。     

5’（S）-1，1-亚乙二氧基-5-氧代-（5’-乙基-5’-羟基-2’H,5’H，6＇H-6-氧代吡喃）-[3’-4’-f]-△^6（8）-四氢中氮茚的合成研究

目的合成20（S）-喜树碱类抗肿瘤药物关键中间体5’（S）-1，1-亚乙二氧基-5-氧代-（5’-乙基-5，-羟基-2’H，5＇H，6＇H-6-氧代吡喃）-[3’，4＇-f]-△^6（8）-四氢中氮茚。方法以1，1-亚乙二氧基-5-氧代-（5’-乙基-2’H，5＇H，6＇H-6-氧代吡喃）-[3’，4＂-f]-△^6（8）-四氢中氮茚为原料，经碘催化氧化、动力学拆分、碱水解3步得到光学纯目标化合物。结果与结论该合成路线操作简单，总收率15．7％，ee值96％。     

葫芦茶化学成分的研究

目的研究葫芦茶的化学成分。方法采用柱色谱技术对葫芦茶提取物进行分离纯化,采用波谱技术结合化学方法进行结构鉴定。结果与结论从葫芦茶中分离得到了8个化合物,分别鉴定为3,4-二氢-4-(4'-羟基苯基)-5,7-二羟基香豆素(1)、二氢槲皮素(2)、顺式对羟基肉桂酸(3)、反式对羟基肉桂酸(4)、原儿茶酸乙酯(5)、4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸(6)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸(7)、对羟基苯甲酸(8)。结论化合物1~4均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

瑞舒伐他汀钙有关物质的合成

为控制瑞舒伐他汀钙的质量,制备了瑞舒伐他汀钙的5个有关物质：[(3R,5S,E)-7-[4-(4-氟苯基)-2-[[2-[4-(4-氟苯基)-6-异丙基-2-[N-甲基(甲基磺酰胺基)]嘧啶-5-基]-2-羟基乙基]-N-甲基磺酰胺基]-6-异丙基嘧啶-5-基]-3,5-二羟基庚-6-烯酸酯]钙盐(有关物质A)、[(3R,5S,E)-7-[4-(4-氟苯基)-2-[[(E)-2-[4-(4-氟苯基)-6-异丙基-2-[N-甲基(甲基磺酰胺基)]嘧啶-5-基]乙烯基]-N-甲基磺酰胺基]-6-异丙基嘧啶-5-基]-3,5-二羟基庚-6-烯酸酯]钙盐(有关物质B)、N-[4-(4-氟苯基)-5-[(E)-2-[(2R,4R)-4-羟基-6-氧代四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基]乙烯基]-6-异丙基嘧啶-2-基]-N-甲基甲磺酰胺(有关物质C)、N-[(R)-8-氟-6-[(2S,4R)-4-羟基-6-氧代四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基]-4-异丙基-5,6-二氢苯并[h]-喹唑啉-2-基]-N-甲基甲磺酰胺(有关物质D)、N-[(S)-8-氟-6-[(2S,4R)-4-羟基-6-氧代四氢-2H-吡喃-2...     

The role of the 5-HT1D receptor as a presynaptic autoreceptor in the guinea pig

The present study investigated the role of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin)1D receptor as a presynaptic autoreceptor in the guinea pig. In keeping with the literature, the 5-HT1B selective antagonist, 1'-methyl-5-[[2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]carbonyl]-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro [furo[2,3-f]indole-3,4'-piperidine]oxalate (SB224289) potentiated [3H]5-HT outflow from pre-labelled slices of guinea pig cerebral cortex confirming its role as a presynaptic autoreceptor in this species. In addition, the 5-HT1D receptor-preferring antagonists, 1-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]-ethyl]-3-pyridin-4-yl-methyl-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-2-one (LY367642), (R)-1-[2-(4-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl-)-3,6-dihydro-1(2H)-pyridinyl)ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-6-carboxamide (LY456219), (S)-1-[2-(4-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl-)-3,6-dihydro-1(2H)-pyridinyl)ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-6-carboxamide (LY456220) and 1-[2-[4-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-indol-2-one (LY310762), potentiated [3H]5-HT outflow from this preparation with potencies (EC50 values=31-140 nM) in the same range as their affinities for the guinea pig 5-HT1D receptor (Ki values=100-333 nM). The selective 5-HT1D receptor agonist, R-2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-[1-[3-(5-[1,2,4]triazol-4-yl-1H-indol-3-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-4-ylamino]-ethanol dioxylate (L-772,405), inhibited [3H]5-HT outflow. In microdialysis studies, administration of either SB224289 or LY310762 at 10 mg/kg by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, potentiated the increase in extracellular 5-HT concentration produced by a maximally effective dose of the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine (at 20 mg/kg i.p.). In addition, the 5-HT1D receptor-preferring antagonist and 5-HT transporter inhibitor, LY367642 (at 10 mg/kg i.p.), elevated extracellular 5-HT concentrations to a greater extent than a maximally effective dose of fluoxetine. It is concluded that the 5-HT1D receptor, like the 5-HT1B receptor, may be a presynaptic autoreceptor in the guinea pig.     

Relaxant activity of 4-amido-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3-ols and 4-amido-2H-1-benzopyrans on guinea pig isolated trachealis

A series of 4-amido-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3-ols and 4-amido-2H-1-benzopyrans related to the potassium channel activator cromakalim have been prepared and evaluated for their relaxant activity in guinea pig isolated tracheal spirals. Several analogues show enhanced relaxant activity relative to cromakalim in this preparation and the rank order of potency for those substituents investigated at C-6 was CF3 greater than CN greater than C2H5 greater than aza greater than or equal to CH3. One compound, trans-3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-(2-oxopiperidin-1-yl)-7-(trifluor omethyl)-2H- 1-benzopyran-3-ol (24), was resolved into its two enantiomers and the activity was shown to reside essentially in the (+)-isomer, adding further support to the suggestion that the smooth muscle receptor for these potassium channel activators is stereoselective.     

1-(alkylamino)isochromans: hypotensives with peripheral and central activities

A series of 1-[1-(3,4-dimethoxy-1H-2-benzopyran-1-yl)alkyl]-4-arylpiperazines that shows hypotensive activity in the conscious rat has been investigated. Structure-activity relationships are described. A typical example that was investigated in greater detail is 1-[2-(3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-1H-2-benzopyran-1-yl)ethyl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine. This compound decreases sympathetic nerve activity recorded from the external carotid and splanchnic nerves of baroreceptor-denervated cats and, therefore, has a central component to its mechanism of action. It also blocks pressor effects of norepinephrine and phenylephrine and is thus an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. Binding data characterize this as alpha 1-adrenergic receptor blockade.     

Synthesis of 5-(2-,3- and 4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity

New S-alkylated 5-(2-,3- and 4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols (5a-c, 6a-c) and 5-(2-,3- and 4-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols (7a-c, 8a-c, 9a-c) were synthesized by the alkylation of 3-(2-,3- and 4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiones (3a-c) or 3-(2-,3- and 4-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiones (4a-c) with 1-iodobutane or 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-bromo-1-ethanone, 2-bromo-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-ethanone and 2-bromo-1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)-1-ethanone. Compounds 3a-c and 4a-c were synthesized by the acylation of thiosemicarbazide or 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide with 2-, 3- and 4-methoxybenzoyl chlorides and further cyclization of the obtained acylderivatives 1a-c and 2a-c. The synthesized compounds 4a-c, 5a, 6a-c, 7a-c, 8a-c, 9b,c exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.     

Uber 5 neue Umbelliferonether aus Galbanumharz1

From Galbanum beside genuin umbelliferon five umbelliferon ethers are isolated and identified as 7-{[1 R-(1alpha,2beta,4abeta,6alpha,8aalpha)] -2,6-Dihydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyldecahydronaphthalen-1-ylmethoxy} -2 H-1-benzopyran-2-one, 1, 7-{[1 R-(1alpha,4abeta,8aalpha)]-6-Hydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-4-on-1-ylmethoxy} - 2 H-1-benzopyran-2-one, 2,7-{[1R-(1alpha,4abeta,6beta,8aalpha)]-6-Hydroxy-2,5,5,8a -tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-ylmethoxy} - 2 H-1-benzopyran-2-one, 3, 7-{[1R-(1alpha,4aalpha,8aalpha)]-6-Hydroxy-2,5,5,8a -tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-ylmethoxy} -2 H-1-benzopyran-2-one, 4, 7-{[1R-(1a,4abeta,8abeta)]-2,5,5,8a-Tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-4-on-1-ylmethoxy}-2 H-1-benzopyran-2-one, 5.     

Synthesis and biological studies of triazolo-/thiadiazolo-benzoxazines

Diethyl bromomalonate (2) with an equimolar amount of 2-aminophenol (1) in the presence of sodium fluoride undergoes a cyclization reaction to form 2H,4H-2-ethoxycarbonyl-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-1,4-benzoxazine (3). Furthermore, compound 3 undergoes a condensation reaction with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of methanol to yield 2H,4H-2-hydrazinocarbonyl-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-1,4-benzoxazine (4), which on further reaction with aryl isothiocyanates gave 2H,4H-2-[ (4'-substituted)-phenylthiosemicarbazino]-carbonyl-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-1,4-benzoxazine (5). Compound 5 on treatment with NaOH, cone. H2SO4 and diethylmalonate (6). afforded 2H,4H-2-[2'H-3'-thioxo-4'-substituted phenyl-1',2',4'-triazole-5-yl]- 3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-1,4benzoxazine (7). 2H,4H-2-[2'-amino-(substituted)-phenyl-1,3',4'-thiadiazol-5-yl]-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-1,4-benzoxazine (8) and 2H,4H-2-[5'H-5'-dihydro-2'-thioxo-3'-phenyl-4',6'-dioxo-1,3-diazine]-aminocarbonyl-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-1,4-benzoxazine (9), respectively. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activities against Gram positive as well as Gram negative bacteria with ampicillin trihydrate as standard drug. Structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical analyses.     

Teratogenicity in rats of two dopaminergic agonists

The teratogenic potential of 2 structurally related dopaminergic agonists, BRL 16644 (2-[[3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H- 1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxy]-N,N-dimethyl-Ethanamine: Chemical Abstracts No. 59257-18-0) and BRL 16657 (2-[[3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2H- 1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxy]-N,N-dimethyl-Ethanamine: Chemical Abstracts No. 59257-24-8), has been investigated in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. These compounds were administered orally from Days 6 to 15 of gestation inclusive at dose levels of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day for BRL 16644 and 10, 20 and 35 mg/kg/day for BRL 16657. At caesarean section on Day 21 of gestation increased post-implantation loss, reduced foetal weights and high incidences of gross abnormalities were found with both compounds at their high dose levels. Maternal toxicity was evident at the intermediate and high dose levels but teratogenic effects extended to the low dose of each compound where treatment was well tolerated by the dams. The maternal effects were thought to be due to the dopamine potentiating properties of BRL 16644 and BRL 16657. When pimozide, a specific dopamine antagonist, was co-administered with BRL 16657 the maternal effects were considerably reduced and, although teratogenicity remained, effects of BRL 16657 on the embryo were extensively modified. This suggests that at least certain of the abnormalities were associated with prolonged dopamine potentiation. Pimozide alone was not teratogenic.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of cytogenin derivatives

To enhance the stability in vivo, new derivatives of cytogenin were synthesized, and their biological activity and stability in mice were estimated. 2-(8-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl)propionic acid (NM-3) was found to be the most stable among them. It modified collagen-induced arthritis in mice. It also showed potent anti-angiogenic activity in a mouse dorsal air sac assay.     

4-Heterocyclyloxy-2H-1-benzopyran potassium channel activators

The reaction of 2,4-dihydroxypyridine (2) with 3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-carbonitrile (1) yielded the 4-[(1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-pyridyl)oxy] compound 3a, accompanied by small amounts of the isomeric 4-(1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-pyridyl) compound 4. This could also be prepared by hydrogenation of the benzyloxy derivative 5. Reaction of 3,6-pyridazinediol (10) with 1 (R = CN) gave the 4-[(1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-3-pyridazinyl)oxy] compound 11a, which in turn rearranged on heating with NaH in DMSO into the 4-(1,6-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-pyridazinyl) compound 12. A series of 6-substituted analogues (R = CO2Me, CSNH2, NO2, Br) of 3a and 11a were synthesized. N-Alkylation led to compounds 14a-c (R = Me, Et, CHMe2). The 4-heterocyclyloxychromenes 9 and 16a were obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of their 3-camphorsulfonates. The racemic pyridazinyloxy compounds 11a and 14a could be resolved via their diastereomeric camphorsulfonates or camphanates. The differences between the 4-heterocyclyloxychromanols and the isomeric N-substituted compounds 4 and 12 were elucidated in the course of extensive NMR investigations. While in DMSO the former appeared to be conformationally flexible molecules the latter were rigid. All compounds were tested for oral antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats, using doses of 1 mg/kg. High and long lasting activities were found for the pyridyloxy compounds 3a and 3d, the pyridazinyloxy compound 11a, and its N-alkylation products, as well as for the 3S,4R-enantiomers 20a and 22a. (-)-(3S,4R)-3,4-Dihydro-4-[(1,6-dihydro-1-methyl-6-oxo-3- pyridazinyl)oxy]-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-carbonitrile (22a) was selected for further development.