升主动脉置换联合分期主动脉弓三开窗+覆膜支架腔内隔绝术在急性A型主动脉夹层患者中的应用

目的：探讨升主动脉置换联合分期主动脉弓三开窗+覆膜支架腔内隔绝术在急性A型主动脉夹层患者中的应用。方法：回顾性分析行分期杂交手术治疗的7例急性A型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,总结手术经验。结果：共有7例患者接受分期杂交手术治疗,均顺利出院,无不良术后并发症发生。术后1个月随访行主动脉CTA检查,所有分支支架均通畅,无患者因内漏行二次手术。结论：升主动脉置换联合分期主动脉弓三开窗+覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗急性A型主动脉夹层患者效果良好,远期效果还需进一步评估。     

国产覆膜支架治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型夹层动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的总结评价国产覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的手术适应证、临床疗效。方法对38例DebaKeyⅢ胸主动脉夹层患者行腔内隔绝术的临床资料进行回顾性分析,术后对所有患者行CT随访,评价其临床改善程度与真假腔的变化。结果37例患者全麻下均成功进行了覆膜支架血管腔内隔绝术,共使用40个血管支架,术中造影显示夹层裂口完全封闭或内漏明显减少。3例术中出现明显的内漏,再置入1枚短支架后内漏消失;1例因置入支架后血压下降,急诊行开胸手术人工血管置换术,15d痊愈出院。其余患者未出现与夹层及手术有关的并发症。术后3～24个月随访,所有患者复查螺旋CT或64排CT,假腔内血栓形成,真腔增大,未发现内漏、瘤体扩大及支架移位。结论应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤创伤小、安全有效、成功率高、术后恢复较好,尤为适用于老年高危患者及亚急性或慢性期的患者。     

血管腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型动脉瘤疗效分析

目的探讨血管腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法和疗效。方法DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者8例,进行血管腔内隔绝术(其中2例为DeBakeyⅢa型,6例为DeBakeyⅢb型)。结果8例均成功行血管腔内隔绝术,出现I型内漏4例,经球囊扩张后2例内漏消失,2例仍有少量内漏。进行22～36个月的临床随访。1例于术后23个月死于颅内出血,余7例均存活。结论血管腔内置入带膜支架型人工血管是治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤简便、安全、有效的方法。     

Hybrid技术应用于Stanford B型主动脉夹层的近期疗效

目的探讨腔内隔绝术联合血管旁路移植术（Hybird技术）治疗破口位于弓部的StanfordB型主动脉夹层（AD）近期疗效。方法选择武汉亚洲心脏病医院2008年8月至2012年6月收治的StanfordB型AD37例,均采取腔内隔绝术,并在其术前行血管旁路移植术。其中男33例,女4例,年龄36-71（51．84±9．21）岁。主动脉夹层第一破口距左颈总动脉或左锁骨下动脉开口处均小于15mm。27例行右颈总动脉-左颈总动脉旁路移植术,2例行右颈总动脉一右锁骨下动脉旁路移植术,6例行左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉移植术,2例行左颈总动脉-左腋动脉移植术（左锁骨下动脉开口及近端均被夹层血肿挤压）。术后立即转人介入导管室行腔内隔绝术。共置入带膜支架42枚（双支架5例,其中4例应用带膜支架加裸金属支架）。结果（1）37例行血管旁路移植术及腔内隔绝术均顺利。术后8—24（17．97±3．88）d出院。其中1例院内死亡,近期死亡1例（随访证实出院后当日死亡,等同于近期）。其余病例均无内漏、截瘫、内脏器官缺血、脑部缺血和左上肢缺血症状,随访30d,均恢复良好。（2）术后11例出现发热,排除感染因素,考虑为腔内隔绝术后综合征,经对症处理后恢复。2例因人工血管吻合口出血再次行吻合术。2例新出现肾功能不全,分析为对比剂肾病,经治疗后恢复。术后有5例仍有胸背痛症状,复查主动脉增强CT无内漏出血,治疗后均好转出院。结论腔内隔绝术联合血管旁路移植术治疗累及主动脉弓的StanfordB型主动脉夹层是一种创伤小、疗效好的治疗方法。     

胸主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakey Ⅲb型夹层动脉瘤的效果

目的:观察胸主动脉腔内修复(EVR)治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法和疗效。方法:15例DeBakeyⅢb型胸主动脉夹层患者行腔内隔绝术。术后对所有患者行CT随访,评价其临床改善程度与真假腔的变化。结果:15例患者全麻下均成功进行了覆膜支架胸主动脉腔内隔绝术,术中造影显示夹层动脉瘤裂口完全封闭或内漏明显较少。术后1～22个月随访,术后30d内死亡1例,1例术后出现左下肢体运动障碍,余13例无明显术后并发症。结论:胸主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakey Ⅲb型夹层动脉瘤并发症少,术后恢复较好。     

杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层

目的:总结应用常温非体外循环下升主动脉-主动脉弓分支血管搭桥及主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层的优势。方法:对6例Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层患者进行常温非体外循环杂交手术治疗。6例均先行旁路搭桥后,再行主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入术。其中3例为右优势型椎动脉,仅行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术;2例为左优势型椎动脉,行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术后,再行左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉搭桥术;1例为均衡型椎动脉,先行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术及主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入后,患者出现"盗血综合征",遂行左颈总动脉-左腋动脉人工血管搭桥术。结果:6例患者手术均获得成功,术后无偏瘫、截瘫、严重感染、凝血障碍及脑肺功能障碍等严重并发症,均治愈出院。出院前复查主动脉螺旋CT(64排),6例患者的搭桥人工血管及支架血管血流均通畅。术后随访6～12个月,6例患者恢复好,主动脉及人工血管血流良好。结论:常温非体外循环下升主动脉-主动脉弓分支血管搭桥及主动脉弓和降主动脉支架置入杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层,能简化传统外科治疗方法,避免深低温停循环对脑、肺等重要脏器的损伤,并能减少术后并发症和提高外科治疗效果。     

管腔内支架人工血管治疗急性胸降主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨管腔内支架替代传统手术治疗急性胸降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的可行性及效果.方法 从2003年6月至2005年6月,12例急性胸降主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者接受管腔内支架人工血管治疗.结果 12例患者无死亡.共放支架12支,胸降主动脉受压夹层真腔全部恢复正常管径,无中转手术.术后3个月、1年随访,行CTA检查未发现与支架有关的并发症.结论管腔内支架人工血管治疗急性胸降主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种有效的治疗方法.     

腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤107例分析

目的 探讨应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法和效果.方法 对107例(男88例,女19例,年龄28～83岁)主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.术前采用CT血管成像(computerized tomography angiography,CTA)、经胸心脏超声(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)、磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance aniography,MRA)等技术对主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行评估.术中穿刺左肱动脉行主动脉造影了解破口的位置及撕裂的范围,在数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)监视下经股动脉将覆膜支架送入胸降主动脉封闭夹层破口.结果 107例成功进行了主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术.术后主动脉造影证实夹层裂口完全封闭或内漏明显减少,无中转开胸手术.术后随访1～48个月,术后1个月3例死亡.104例行CTA复查,术后3个月,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常.术后6个月,1例再发生升主动脉夹层,置入一枚支架后后假腔消失.术后1年,主动脉均未见病变.结论 覆膜支架腔内隔绝术是治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的安全、有效的方法,近期疗效好.手术死亡率和并发症发生率低,手术成功率和生存率高.     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层20例经验总结

目的总结应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝技术治疗胸主动脉夹层的经验。方法回顾性分析20例行覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗的胸主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,着重分析手术方法、手术结果、术后并发症和随访情况。结果20例手术即刻成功率为100％（20／20）,术后住院（5．0±1．3）d。术后并发症包括1例行升主动脉至头臂干及左颈总动脉旁路术加支架植入,术后发生脑梗死,5例出现中度以上发热．1例出现肾功能衰竭,4例术后出现左侧胸痛,均经对症治疗后康复出院。随访CT检查1年-4年,未出现脊髓损伤、支架移位、锁骨下动脉窃血等,随访存活率为95％（19／20）,1例术后半年支架末端与主动脉移行处的主动脉又出现动脉夹层,发生血管破裂死亡。结论覆膜支架腔内隔绝术是治疗Stanford B型和部分Stanford A型胸主动脉夹层的有效方法。     

复合手术治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的降主动脉病变

目的:评估一期覆膜支架置入合并腋-腋动脉人工血管转流治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的降主动脉病变的近期效果。方法:2009年4月至2014年8月,因降主动脉病变累及左锁骨下动脉在我院行一期杂交手术(右腋动脉-左腋动脉转流+降主动脉支架型人工血管置入术+左锁骨下动脉近端封堵术)共有20例(男性17例,女性3例)患者,对所有患者随访至2016年10月,随访时间26~87个月,平均(51.0±18.1)个月。评估30d内病死率,内漏发生率,转流血管远期并发症。结果:所有手术在杂交手术室完成,围手术期无死亡,2例因近端内漏行开胸手术,1例因远端新发破口行主动脉夹层腔内修复术。结论:一期杂交手术治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的降主动脉病变近期效果良好,但不适合破口位于主动脉弓部大弯侧紧邻左锁骨下动脉的B型主动脉夹层,这类患者容易发生近端内漏,左锁骨下动脉近端塞子的置入有效构成了转流血管两端的压力差,有利于转流血管的通畅。远期效果还需要大样本量的进一步随访。     

Endovascular Therapy for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: State of the Art in 2012

Conventional surgery for thoracic aortic pathology involves replacing the affected segment of aorta with an interposition graft and often requires the use of extracorporeal circulatory support with or without deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Although operative results have improved consistently over 60 years, patients with extensive aneurysms face a considerable risk with conventional surgery, particularly when burdened with multiple comorbidities. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) was first performed in 1994 and has become a well-established alternative therapy for many thoracic aortic pathologies. TEVAR is most frequently performed through a small groin incision to access the common femoral artery. Wires and catheters are used to deliver and deploy the stent graft in the thoracic aorta under fluoroscopic control. Occasionally, TEVAR is performed as part of a complex hybrid procedure including one stage of conventional open surgery that may utilize a thoracic incision and cardiopulmonary bypass support. The less invasive nature of TEVAR offers the potential for lower mortality and peri-procedural morbidity. Although long-term results of TEVAR are still being gathered, mid-term results are excellent and most late vascular complications can be treated with additional transcatheter procedures. Recent development of fenestrated and branched stent grafts is expanding the application of endovascular therapies to complex aortic pathologies involving the thoracoabdominal aorta and aortic arch. Although conventional techniques continue to be the gold standard for treatment of ascending aortic pathology, recent reports have proven TEVAR to be a viable alternative in specific situations. Design improvements continue to expand the indications for TEVAR, and technological advancements in the field of imaging facilitate safer and more accurate planning, delivery, and assessment of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms. Hybrid operating rooms provide the optimal environment with state of the art imaging technology for the cardiovascular team to perform TEVAR or alternative hybrid procedures.     

急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复治疗的疗效评价

目的:评价腔内修复术（TEVAR）治疗急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层的中、远期疗效。方法: 2001年12月～2009年6月,对急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层进行血管腔内支架植入治疗患者288（男237,女51）例,年龄21～79（平均51.2）岁。局部或全身麻醉,在 X线透视下将支架型人工血管经股动脉放置在主动脉夹层第1裂口位置,实现腔内修复。应用多排CT等技术进行38个月（6～102月）的随访,观察假腔血栓形成情况、有无内漏、血流动力学变化、移植物位置及形态、内脏动脉供血等情况,评估该方法的安全性及有效性。结果: 全组患者无移植物错放、移位、瘤体破裂、中转手术和截瘫等并发症。围术期死亡6例,分别为:腹腔脏器缺血/再灌注损伤2例、升主动脉逆行夹层1例、夹层破裂1例、心肌梗死1例及死亡原因不明1例。住院期间并发症发生率25.3%,包括术后即刻内漏、发热、肾功能不全、切口感染、肺炎、神经系统并发症、心功能不全、左肱动脉假性动脉瘤、截肢等。随访中共有7例死亡(2.4%),4例患者行二次TEVAR术后治愈。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示5年累积生存率达96%。结论: TEVAR术是治疗急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层的一种有效方法,中期疗效满意,患者远期生存状况良好。     

新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的应用

目的总结新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床应用经验,并评价其安全性和疗效。方法选择2009年12月—2010年10月,在我科接受新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架手术治疗地6例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者。结果 6例手术全部成功,无死亡。手术时间（252.4±50.3）min、体外循环时间（133.6±26.1）min、心肌血运阻断时间（82.8±10.9）min、深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间（17.9±8.1）min。患者术后及时清醒、循环稳定、无严重并发症。6例患者随访3～14个月,主动脉血管成像（CTA）显示患者主动脉弓部及分支动脉内支架扩张贴壁满意、相应部位假腔消失、远端假腔内血栓填充、无与覆膜支架相关的并发症发生。结论采用新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层,可以简化主动脉弓部操作步骤、降低手术风险、提高手术成功率,值得临床推广应用。     

One-stage hybrid procedure without sternotomy for treating thoracic aortic pathologies that involve distal aortic arch: a single-center preliminary study

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the initial results of a hybrid procedure without sternotomy for treating descending thoracic aortic disease that involves distal aortic arch. It also intends to report our initial experience in performing this procedure.

Methods

A total of 45 patients (35 males and 10 females) with descending thoracic aortic disease underwent a hybrid procedure, namely, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) combined with supra-arch branch vessel bypass, in our center from April 2009 to August 2014. Right axillary artery to left axillary artery bypass (n=20) or right axillary artery to left common carotid artery (LCCA) and left axillary artery bypass (n=25) were performed. The conditions of all patients were followed up from the 2^nd month to the 65^th month postoperative (mean, 26.0±17.1). Mortality within 30 days, complications such as endoleak after the hybrid procedure, and stenosis or blockage of the bypass graft during the follow-up period was assessed.

Results

All the patients underwent a one-stage procedure. One case of death and one case of cerebral infarction were reported within 30 days. One patient died of the sudden drop in blood pressure during the 2^nd day of operation. Meanwhile, another patient suffered from cerebral infarction. Two patients underwent open surgery, and one of them had to undergo a second TEVAR during the follow-up period. Moreover, endoleak occurred in two patients and a newly formed intimal tear was observed in one patient. Overall, 93.2% of the patients survived without any complication related to the hybrid procedure.

Conclusions

Initial results suggest that the one-stage hybrid procedure is a suitable therapeutic option for thoracic aortic pathologies that involve distal aortic arch. However, this procedure is not recommended for type-B aortic dissection, in which a tear is located in the greater curvature or near the left subclavian artery (LSA), because of the high possibility of endoleak occurrence.     

Debranching Solutions in Endografting for Complex Thoracic Aortic Dissections

Background

Conventional surgical repair of thoracic aortic dissections is a challenge due to mortality and morbidity risks.

Objectives

We analyzed our experience in hybrid aortic arch repair for complex dissections of the aortic arch.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2013, 18 patients (the mean age of 67 ± 8 years-old) underwent hybrid aortic arch repair. The procedural strategy was determined on the individual patient.

Results

Thirteen patients had type I repair using trifurcation and another patient with bifurcation graft. Two patients had type II repair with replacement of the ascending aorta. Two patients received extra-anatomic bypass grafting to left carotid artery allowing covering of zone 1. Stent graft deployment rate was 100%. No patients experienced stroke. One patient with total debranching of the aortic arch following an acute dissection of the proximal arch expired 3 months after TEVAR due to heart failure. There were no early to midterm endoleaks. The median follow-up was 20 ± 8 months with patency rate of 100%.

Conclusion

Various debranching solutions for different complex scenarios of the aortic arch serve as less invasive procedures than conventional open surgery enabling safe and effective treatment of this highly selected subgroup of patients with complex aortic pathologies.     

Palliative stent graft placement combined with subsequent open surgery for retrograde ascending dissection intra-thoracic endovascular aortic repair

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is an effective strategy for type B dissection. Retrograde ascending dissection (RAD) intra-TEVAR is a rare complication on clinic. In this case, a 48-year-old Chinese man with Stanford type B aortic dissection suffered acute RAD during the TEVAR. And palliative stent grafts placement was performed in a local hospital, which earned the time for transfer and subsequent total arch replacement surgery in Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University. This report suggests that the palliative strategy may be an option for RAD in some specific situation.     

Hybrid endovascular and off-pump open surgical treatment for synchronous aneurysms of the aortic arch, brachiocephalictrunk, and abdominal aorta

A 71-year-old patient was admitted for synchronous aneurysms of the aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, and juxtarenal abdominal aorta involving the iliac arteries. The patient first underwent open surgical repair of the juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm by means of aorto-bifemoral bypass. Three months later, he underwent off-pump surgical repair of the aneurysm of the brachiocephalic trunk and bypass grafting from the ascending aorta to the brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery, followed by successful exclusion of the aneurysm of the aortic arch by deployment of a Zenith TX1 custom-made endograft, inserted through a limb of the aorto-bifemoral graft. Combined endovascular and open surgical treatment is an appealing new alternative to open surgical repair for complex aortic diseases. Debranching of the aortic arch enables endovascular grafting in this area, thereby avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest. Staged and simultaneous procedures should be considered for the treatment of complex aortic diseases even in poor-risk patients; however due to the investigative characteristics of these procedures, patient selection and postoperative follow-up should be carried out with utmost attention.     

胸主动脉腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层

目的 总结胸主动脉腔内修复术（thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR）治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析134例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料,分析并发症发生的原因及随访近、远期效果.结果 术前死亡4例,未手术1例,施行TEVAR 129例,手术操作均成功,部分封堵左锁骨下动脉27例（20.9％）,完全封闭左锁骨下动脉12例（9.3％）;Ⅰ型内漏13例（10.1％）,夹层逆剥为Stanford A型1例,低氧血症23例（17.8％）,肾功能衰竭需血液滤过9例（7.1％）,术后精神症状37例（28.7％）,脑梗死3例.随访2个月～5年,随访110例,随访率85.7％,1例术后1年和1.5年出现支架远端夹层,两次手术植入覆膜支架,部分封闭了腹腔干动脉,1例术后2个月时因肠梗阻在外院行手术治疗,1例术后4年时支架远端发生夹层破裂死亡,1例术后3个月突然死亡.Ⅰ型内漏消失11例,持续存在2例.结论 急诊TEVAR治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层安全、可靠,近期效果良好,加强并发症的防治,可进一步改善临床效果.     

Retrograde type A dissection after endovascular stent grafting of type B dissection

Acute aortic dissection is a disease with high mortality. Whereas acute dissection of the ascending aorta (Standford type A) is treated surgically, acute dissection of Stanford type B (descending aorta) is principally treated conservatively, but surgically in case of complications. Recently, another therapeutical option for the treatment of type B dissection has been developed using endovascular stent-grafts. We report on a 64-year-old woman with typical signs of acute aortic dissection. Computer tomography and transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated Stanford type B dissection. The patient was treated with an endovascular stent-graft, because of malperfusion of the right leg and chest pain. After successful closure of the entry by the stent, the patient developed acute right-sided hemiplegia one day after the intervention due to retrograde dissection into the aortic arch and ascending aorta. Upon immediate operation, the origin of the initially type B dissection was still sufficiently occluded by the endovascular stent-graft; however, there was another entry between the innominate artery and the left carotic artery near one proximal end of the stent's strut. Using deep hypothermia and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, the ascending aorta and proximal arch were replaced with a 28 mm Dacron-Velour tube and the aortic root was remodelled with a tongue-shaped Dacron graft preserving the valve cusps according to a modified Yacoub procedure. After the operation, neurological symptoms diminished and the patient could walk on the ward on day eleven. This case demonstrates retrograde type A dissection as a complication after interventional treatment of type B dissection using an endovascular stent-graft. The reason for this delayed complication is speculative. Aortic wall damage during stent inserting could be a possible cause. It is also likely that the patient initially had type B dissection with retrograde dissection of the distal part of the aortic arch. Therefore, one of the straight struts of the proximal end of the stent may have caused additional damage to the vulnerable dissected aortic wall in the arch, leading to retrograde type A dissection. Careful patient selection, detailed diagnosis of the aortic arch, improved stent designs and materials, especially regarding the stent's ends and careful insertion of the stent into the aortic arch, could contribute to prevention of the described problems.     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复处理研究进展

主动脉夹层(aortic dissection,AD) 是临床一种死亡率极高的心血管危急重症，是由于主动脉中层破裂,血液通过主动脉内膜裂口,进入主动脉壁,造成正常动脉壁的分离形成血管内假腔。根据夹层病变累及范围，可分为Stanford A、B型，病变累及近端主动脉者称为A型 ；病变范围仅涉及左锁骨下动脉开口以远降主动脉称为 B 型。胸主动脉腔内修复术（throacic endovascular aortic repair，TEVAR）作为治疗 Stanford B 型主动脉夹层的重要选择，已得到全世界的认可。胸主动脉腔内修复术（throacic endovascular aortic repair，TEVAR）作为治疗 Stanford B 型主动脉夹层的重要选择，已得到全世界的认可。随着微创治疗方式和器具的创新，越来越多的弓部病变可采用微创腔内治疗，近年来，“烟囱”技术、“开窗”技术、分支支架技术的发展使得TEVAR治疗累及主动脉弓部病变成为可能。本文就几种常用处理弓部病变腔内技术做一综述。