雷公藤红素药理作用分子靶点的研究进展

雷公藤红素是从传统中药雷公藤中提取分离得到的一种醌甲基三萜,具有抗炎、免疫抑制及抗肿瘤等药理活性。雷公藤红素几个特殊的分子靶点大多会抑制IKK-NF-κB信号通路,包括:①抑制IKKα/β激酶;②失活热休克蛋白90的分子伴侣蛋白细胞分裂周期蛋白37及P23;③抑制蛋白酶体的功能;④激活热激因子1诱导热休克蛋白反应;⑤影响肿瘤细胞的增殖;⑥影响细胞凋亡;⑦影响丝裂原活化蛋白激酶;⑧影响Akt/mTOR信号级联;⑨影响血管生成和转移;⑩抗炎作用。本文对其药理作用分子靶点研究进展做一综述。     

通过靶向自噬治疗动脉粥样硬化的天然产物研究进展

动脉粥样硬化（AS）是心血管疾病中常见的慢性炎症性疾病,是心肌梗死、心力衰竭和卒中等多种致命疾病的病理基础。自噬是一种保护性的细胞内过程,通过控制蛋白质质量起到保持细胞稳态作用。越来越多研究表明,自噬参与了AS及相关疾病的发生发展。天然产物,如槲皮素、山奈酚、姜黄素、丹参酚酸B和小檗碱等,具有靶向自噬治疗AS的潜力。本综述总结了天然产物靶向自噬治疗AS的分子机制,包括诱导内皮细胞自噬抑制炎症和氧化应激反应、促进巨噬细胞自噬抑制脂质积累以及诱导血管平滑肌细胞自噬,减少凋亡等,涉及信号通路主要包括磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路、NF-κB信号通路、P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路、c-Jun氨基端激酶信号通路和腺苷酸蛋白活化激酶/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白/unc-51样自噬激活激酶1信号通路等,以期为AS治疗提供新的研究思路。     

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤常见致病信号通路及其靶向药物的研究进展

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤是亚洲人最常见的淋巴肿瘤亚型,经过R-CHOP方案治疗后仍有相当一部分患者表现为难治或复发。弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的常见致病信号通路有B细胞受体、Toll样受体4/髓样分子因子88/核因子-κB、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路,靶向药物包括Bruton酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、来那度胺、硼替佐米、凋亡蛋白抑制剂抑制剂、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶抑制剂、蛋白激酶B抑制剂、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白抑制剂。阐述了弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤中常见致病信号通路及其遗传学改变,并总结了相关通路常见的靶向药物的研究进展。     

抗肿瘤药物Raf激酶抑制剂的研究进展

随着分子生物学的发展,对基于肿瘤分子机制研究的肿瘤分子靶向治疗的研究已获重大进展。蛋白激酶抑制剂是目前肿瘤靶向治疗药物研究的重点之一,通过阻碍细胞内分子传导通路,影响肿瘤细胞的存活、增殖以及疾病进展。在Raf/MEK/ERK信号传导通路中,Raf激酶发挥着至关重要的作用,Raf激酶的突变能使ERK通路保持激活状态,这最终导致细胞的增殖和分化。本综述将阐述Raf激酶在正常与肿瘤细胞中的功能并重点关注于近期发表的各种类型Raf激酶抑制剂。     

雷公藤红素对多发性骨髓瘤细胞株RPMI 8226的体外抑制作用研究

目的研究雷公藤红素（Celastrol）对多发性骨髓瘤细胞株RPMI 8226的抑制作用;方法使用CCK-8试剂研究生长抑制作用,使用An-nexin-V/PI双染色法,研究诱导凋亡作用;使用流式细胞仪进行sub-G1峰及细胞周期分析;结果雷公藤红素能够抑制RPMI 8226细胞生长,呈现剂量依赖性,IC50值为1.87μmol.L-1;通过Annexin-V/PI双染色法以及sub-G1峰分析,证实雷公藤红素可以诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡;并使肿瘤细胞的S期细胞减少;结论雷公藤红素可以抑制骨髓瘤细胞株RPMI 8226生长,诱导细胞凋亡,并使S期细胞减少。     

雷公藤红素通过PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路对胃癌MFC细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的研究雷公藤红素对胃癌MFC细胞内PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的影响及其对胃癌MFC细胞增殖的抑制和促凋亡作用机制。方法分别设置对照组和雷公藤红素低、中、高剂量(5、10、20 mmol/L)组,采用MTT法检测雷公藤红素对胃癌MFC细胞增殖的影响;采用流式细胞技术检测雷公藤红素对胃癌MFC细胞周期的影响及MFC细胞凋亡的情况;Western blotting检测雷公藤红素对胃癌MFC细胞内凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2和PI3K、AKT和mTOR蛋白表达的影响;实时定量PCR检测雷公藤红素对胃癌MFC细胞内PI3K、AKT和mTORm RNA表达的影响。结果与对照组比较,雷公藤红素能够呈剂量相关性地显著抑制胃癌MFC细胞的增殖(P0.05);与对照组比较,雷公藤红素能够呈剂量相关性地显著引起MFC细胞G2/M期阻滞(P0.05);与对照组比较,雷公藤红素能够呈剂量相关性地显著促进MFC细胞的凋亡(P0.05);与对照组比较,雷公藤红素能够呈剂量相关性地显著抑制MFC细胞内抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2蛋白和PI3K、AKT、mTOR蛋白的表达(P0.05),显著促进MFC细胞内促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达(P0.05);与对照组比较,雷公藤红素能够呈剂量相关性地显著抑制MFC细胞内PI3K、AKT和mTORm RNA的表达(P0.05)。结论雷公藤红素能够抑制胃癌MFC细胞的增殖并促进胃癌MFC细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能是通过抑制胃癌MFC细胞内PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路中PI3K、AKT、mTOR等蛋白的表达而抑制胃癌MFC细胞的增殖,进而促进胃癌MFC细胞内促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达,同时抑制抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达,从而促进胃癌MFC细胞凋亡。     

定量蛋白组学揭示雷公藤红素抗卵巢癌的作用机制

目的 探讨雷公藤红素对卵巢癌细胞的增殖和迁移能力的抑制作用及其分子机制。方法 通过细胞增殖及迁移实验,明确雷公藤红素抗卵巢癌细胞增殖及迁移的能力;利用定量蛋白组学结合生物信息学分析差异表达蛋白,解析雷公藤红素对卵巢癌的作用机制;通过体外分子生物学技术,检测雷公藤红素对卵巢癌细胞EMT标志物（Cadherin）、细胞迁移关键蛋白（CD44与HMGB）的表达水平,以及对细胞活性氧（ROS）诱导水平的影响。结果 雷公藤红素显著抑制SKOV3及OVCAR3细胞增殖及迁移的能力。通过蛋白组学研究发现,经过雷公藤红素处理后,共有396个DEPs被鉴定出来（126个上调,270个下调）。GO和KEGG通路富集分析均显示雷公藤红素多靶点的抗肿瘤活性与细胞迁移、炎症、缺氧等生物过程密切相关。雷公藤红素下调N-cadherin,上调E-cadherin的表达抑制EMT,抑制CD44与HMGB1、HMGB2的表达来抑制卵巢癌细胞伤口愈合。此外,雷公藤红素诱导ROS的产生。结论 雷公藤红素具有多靶向抗卵巢癌活性,其可通过抑制EMT过程并诱导ROS的产生,抑制细胞迁移与增殖,发挥抗卵巢癌的作用。     

南瓜蛋白联合吉非替尼对人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞的抑制作用

目的研究南瓜蛋白(cucurmosin,CUS)联合表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂吉非替尼(Gefitinib,GEF)对人胰腺癌细胞株Bx-PC-3的生长抑制作用。方法采用SRB法测定CUS与GEF联用对体外培养的BxPC-3细胞的增殖抑制作用;应用集落形成实验测定CUS与GEF联用对体外培养的BxPC-3细胞集落形成的影响;以Western blot技术检测CUS与GEF联用对体外培养的BxPC-3细胞EGFR的影响。结果 CUS联用GEF对BxPC-3细胞的增殖抑制率大于单用药物,q>0.85;CUS联用GEF对BxPC-3细胞的集落形成抑制率大于单用药物,q>1.15;CUS联合GEF干预BxPC-3细胞可明显下调其EGFR蛋白表达,q>2.0。结论 CUS联合GEF对人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞的生长抑制具有协同作用。     

阿霉素诱导胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞凋亡过程中p38MAPK的表达

目的研究阿霉素诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡过程中p38MAPK表达的变化,探讨p38MAPK在其中的作用。方法用膜联蛋白V-PI(annexinV-PI)染色及流式细胞技术分析阿霉素及应用p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580对胰腺癌细胞凋亡的影响,同时利用免疫细胞化学法观察经阿霉素及SB203580处理人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞后,p38MAPK的表达水平。结果SB203580(20μmol/L)干预组胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞凋亡率为(20.1±1.4)%,阿霉素作用24 h后诱导胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞凋亡,凋亡率为(31.1±2.7)%,加用SB203580抑制p38MAPK通路后可增强阿霉素诱导的凋亡作用,凋亡率达(40.4±2.6)%。采用单因素方差分析F=136.79,组间比较组与组之间差异有统计学意义。以20μmol/L阿霉素作用BxPC-3胰腺癌细胞24 h后可见p38MAPK在细胞染色后呈现深褐色颗粒散在分布于部分或整个细胞核及细胞质内,联合应用SB203580后可见p38MAPK表达颗粒密度减低,数量减少。结论阿霉素可以活化p38MAPK通路,p38MAPK可能起到保护胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞逃避阿霉素诱导的凋亡,阻断该通路可增强阿霉素诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡的作用。     

雷公藤红素对致敏肥大细胞的抑制作用及其中PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β信号通路的影响

目的 研究雷公藤红素对P物质诱导P815肥大细胞致敏脱颗粒的抑制作用和对PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β通路的影响,探讨雷公藤红素对脱颗粒细胞模型抑制作用的机制.方法 P815细胞分为正常组、模型组、雷公藤红素各浓度组.CCK8法测定细胞增殖抑制率,RT-PCR检测雷公藤红素干预前后PI3K/AKT通路Pik3r3、Akt2、Gsk3b mRNA表达水平.结果 雷公藤红素浓度在0～2.0 μm,对P815细胞的增殖抑制率随着浓度升高而升高(P＜0.05),当雷公藤红素浓度＞2.0μm,浓度与细胞增殖抑制率并无明显关系(P＞0.05).雷公藤红素组的Pik3r3、Akt2的mRNA平均光密度值比分别为(0.753±0.637)和(0.378±0.277),与模型组相比,表达降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).雷公藤红素组的Gsk3b的mRNA平均光密度值比为(3.969±3.403),与模型组相比,表达增加,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 雷公藤红素对P815肥大细胞致敏脱颗粒反应的抑制功能,是通过减弱PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β信号通路的主要靶基因Pik3r3、Akt2的信号介导作用,增加下游促凋亡基因Gsk3β的表达,从而抑制P815细胞的致敏脱颗粒反应.     

Identification of a novel PAK1 inhibitor to treat pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers with poor prognosis and a low 5-year survival rate. The family of P21-activated kinases (PAKs) appears to modulate many signaling pathways that contribute to pancreatic carcinogenesis. In this work, we demonstrated that PAK1 is a critical regulator in pancreatic cancer cell growth. PAK1-targeted inhibition is therefore a new potential therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer. Our small molecule screening identified a relatively specific PAK1-targeted inhibitor, CP734. Pharmacological and biochemical studies indicated that CP734 targets residue V342 of PAK1 to inhibit its ATPase activity. Further in vitro and in vivo studies elucidated that CP734 suppresses pancreatic tumor growth through depleting PAK1 kinase activity and its downstream signaling pathways. Little toxicity of CP734 was observed in murine models. Combined with gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil, CP734 also showed synergistic effects on the anti-proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. All these favorable results indicated that CP734 is a new potential therapeutic candidate for pancreatic cancer.     

An oncogenic kinase: putting PAK5 forward

Introduction: Overexpression of p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) is discovered in many tumors, probably due to its regulation in cytoskeleton, antiapoptosis and proliferation. A better understanding of the modulation mechanisms of PAK5 is needed for the development of tumor treatment where current therapeutics is inadequate.

Areas covered: This review discusses the current understanding of PAK5 functions as an oncogenic kinase in tumor cellular regulation. Mechanisms of action and molecular pathways involved in cytoskeleton regulation, antiapoptosis and proliferation of tumors are discussed.

Expert opinion: PAKs are serine/threonine kinases and downstream effectors for Cdc42 and Rac, the subfamilies of Rho small GTPases. PAK5 shares sequence identities in p21-GTPase-binding domain and kinase domain and is completely different in other regions compared with other PAKs. Overexpression of PAK5 has been found in several tumors, probably due to its contribution to proliferation, cytoskeleton and anti-apoptosis. Additional regulation mechanisms which are independent of Rho GTPases also indicate that PAK5 functions as a special signal molecule in cellular signaling pathways of tumor progression.     

Role of lipoxygenase pathways in the regulation of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and survival

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by a poor prognosis and lack of response to conventional therapy. Many studies have shown an association of pancreatic cancer development and growth with high dietary fat intake, especially intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fats. A growing body of evidence suggests that specific metabolites of arachidonic acid act as important elements in signaling pathways necessary for cancer cell transformation, growth and metastasis, via both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways. This review summarizes the current research status on the role of LOX on pancreatic cancer cell growth and apoptosis as well as the underlying signaling pathways involved. The proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells is inhibited by LOX inhibitors and stimulated by LOX metabolites. LOX inhibition even blocks growth stimulated by exogenous growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF). Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis (programmed cell death) is induced by blockade of either 5-LOX or 12-LOX pathways. Preliminary evidence suggests that the expression of both 5- and 12-lipoxygenases are upregulated in pancreatic cancer. The direct stimulation of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by the metabolites of 5-LOX and 12-LOX (5-HETE and 12-HETE, respectively) is mediated by multiple signaling pathways, particularly the MEK/ERK signaling pathway but also involving intracellular tyrosine kinases. Thus, LOX pathways play an important role in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis and these pathways are likely to be valuable targets for development of therapeutics for this devastating disease.     

Antitumor Effects of Fucoidan on Human Colon Cancer Cells via Activation of Akt Signaling

We identified a novel Akt signaling mechanism that mediates fucoidan-induced suppression of human colon cancer cell (HT29) proliferation and anticancer effects. Fucoidan treatment significantly inhibited growth, induced G1-phase-associated upregulation of p21WAF1 expression, and suppressed cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase expression in HT29 colon cancer cells. Additionally, fucoidan treatment activated the Akt signaling pathway, which was inhibited by treatment with an Akt inhibitor. The inhibition of Akt activation reversed the fucoidan-induced decrease in cell proliferation, the induction of G1-phase-associated p21WAF1 expression, and the reduction in cell cycle regulatory protein expression. Intraperitoneal injection of fucoidan reduced tumor volume; this enhanced antitumor efficacy was associated with induction of apoptosis and decreased angiogenesis. These data suggest that the activation of Akt signaling is involved in the growth inhibition of colon cancer cells treated with fucoidan. Thus, fucoidan may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for colon cancer.     

2-amino-N-{4-[5-(2-phenanthrenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenyl} acetamide (OSU-03012), a celecoxib derivative, directly targets p21-activated kinase

p21-Activated kinases (PAKs) are regulators of cell motility and proliferation. PAK activity is regulated in part by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1). We hypothesized that reduced PAK activity was involved in the effects of 2-amino-N-{4-[5-(2-phenanthrenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenyl} acetamide (OSU-03012), a previously characterized PDK1 inhibitor derived from celecoxib. In three human thyroid cancer cell lines, OSU-03012 inhibited cell proliferation with reduced AKT phosphorylation by PDK1. OSU-03012 unexpectedly inhibited PAK phosphorylation at lower concentrations than PDK1-dependent AKT phosphorylation in two of the three lines. In cell-free kinase assays, OSU-03012 was shown to inhibit PAK activity and compete with ATP binding. In addition, computer modeling predicted a docking site for OSU-03012 in the ATP binding motif of PAK1. Finally, overexpression of constitutively activated PAK1 partially rescued the ability of motile NPA thyroid cancer cells to migrate during OSU-03012 treatment, suggesting that inhibition of PAK may be involved in the cellular effects of OSU-03012 in these cells. In summary, OSU-03012 is a direct inhibitor of PAK, and inhibition of PAK, either directly or indirectly, may be involved in its biological effects in vitro.     

Combination Therapy of the Active KRAS-Targeting Antibody inRas37 and a PI3K Inhibitor in Pancreatic Cancer

KRAS activating mutations, which are present in more than 90% of pancreatic cancers, drive tumor dependency on the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways. Therefore, combined targeting of RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways may be required for optimal therapeutic effect in pancreatic cancer. However, the therapeutic efficacy of combined MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling target inhibitors is unsatisfactory in pancreatic cancer treatment, because it is often accompanied by MAPK pathway reactivation by PI3K/AKT inhibitor. Therefore, we developed an inRas37 antibody, which directly targets the intra-cellularly activated GTP-bound form of oncogenic RAS mutation and investigated its synergistic effect in the presence of the PI3K inhibitor BEZ-235 in pancreatic cancer. In this study, inRas37 remarkably increased the drug response of BEZ-235 to pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting MAPK reactivation. Moreover, the co-treatment synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and exhibited synergistic anticancer activity by inhibiting the MAPK and PI3K pathways. The combined administration of inRas37and BEZ-235 significantly inhibited tumor growth in mouse models. Our results demonstrated that inRas37 synergistically increased the antitumor activity of BEZ-235 by inhibiting MAPK reactivation, suggesting that inRas37 and BEZ-235 co-treatment could be a potential treatment approach for pancreatic cancer patients with KRAS mutations.     

Activation of JNK and PAK2 is essential for citrinin-induced apoptosis in a human osteoblast cell line

The mycotoxin citrinin (CTN), a natural contaminant in foodstuffs and animal feeds, exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on various mammalian cells. CTN causes cell injury, including apoptosis. Previous studies by our group showed that CTN triggers apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells, as well as embryonic developmental injury. Here, we investigated the precise mechanisms governing this apoptotic effect in osteoblasts. CTN induced apoptotic biochemical changes in a human osteoblast cell line, including activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase-3 and p21-activated protein kinase 2 (PAK2) activation. Experiments using a JNK-specific inhibitor, SP600125, and antisense oligonucleotides against JNK reduced CTN-induced activation of both JNK and caspase-3 in osteoblasts, indicating that JNK is required for caspase activation in this apoptotic pathway. Experiments using caspase-3 inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotides against PAK2 revealed that active caspase-3 is essential for PAK2 activation. Moreover, both caspase-3 and PAK2 require activation for CTN-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts. Interestingly, CTN stimulates two-stage activation of JNK in human osteoblasts. Early-stage JNK activation is solely ROS-dependent, whereas late-stage activation is dependent on ROS-mediated caspase activity, and regulated by caspase-induced activation of PAK2. On the basis of these results, we propose a signaling cascade model for CTN-induced apoptosis in human osteoblasts involving ROS, JNK, caspases, and PAK2.     

Statins inhibit Akt/PKB signaling via P2X7 receptor in pancreatic cancer cells

Cholesterol-lowering statins have been shown to inhibit growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Epidemiological studies also indicate a chemopreventive effect of statins. We have investigated the effect of statins on Akt/protein kinase B signaling. We found that atorvastatin decreased constitutive- and insulin-induced pAkt in Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. Statins also inhibited pAkt in combination with gemcitabine- and 5-fluorouracil, and sensitized cells to gemcitabine- and 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation. In line with our previous data, it was found that the P2X7-purinergic receptor mediated the effects of statins in Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. Thus, experiments employing P2X7 siRNA and inhibitors supported an involvement of P2X7. In Capan-2 cells, which expressed P2X7 in low levels, statins did not reduce pAkt levels nor did statins sensitize them to cytostatic drugs. However, statin inhibited the growth of Capan-2 cells and this correlated to inhibition of NFκB and Raf/MEK pathways. As shown previously, these latter effects can be explained by an inhibited protein prenylation. Our data suggest that statins primarily target a functional P2X7-Akt signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. By targeting the P2X7-Akt axis, statins can sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Our data are also in line with a role for P2X7 in the chemopreventive effect of statins on pancreatic cancer.     

Novel dual inhibitor for targeting PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases inhibits colorectal cancer growth in vitro and patient-derived xenografts in vivo

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The pro-viral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) is a proto-oncogene and belongs to the serine/threonine kinase family, which are involved in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Small molecule HCI-48 is a derivative of chalcone, a class of compounds known to possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the underlying mechanism of chalcones against colorectal cancer remains unclear. This study reports that HCI-48 mainly targets PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases, thereby eliciting antitumor effects on colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. HCI-48 inhibited the activity of both PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases in an ATP-dependent manner, as revealed by computational docking models. Cell-based assays showed that HCI-48 inhibited cell proliferation in CRC cells (HCT-15, DLD1, HCT-116 and SW620), and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase through modulation of cyclin A2. HCI-48 also induced cellular apoptosis, as evidenced by an increase in the expression of apoptosis biomarkers such as cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 7. Moreover, HCI-48 attenuated the activation of downstream components of the PIM1 and FGFR1 signaling pathways. Using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) murine tumor models, we found that treatment with HCI-48 diminished the PDX tumor growth of implanted CRC tissue expressing high protein levels of PIM1 and FGFR1. This study suggests that the inhibitory effect of HCI-48 on colorectal tumor growth is mainly mediated through the dual-targeting of PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases. This work provides a theoretical basis for the future application of HCI-48 in the treatment of clinical CRC.     

雷公藤红素通过活性氧诱导结肠癌SW620细胞凋亡

目的:探讨雷公藤红素(celestrol)诱导KRAS驱动的结肠癌SW620细胞产生凋亡的作用和机制。方法:四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法和台盼蓝拒染法检测细胞增殖;免疫印迹法检测蛋白表达;流式细胞仪和荧光显微镜检测细胞凋亡、细胞周期、线粒体膜电位;荧光显微镜检测细胞内活性氧水平(reactive oxygen species,ROS)。结果:雷公藤红素明显抑制SW620细胞的增殖活性;雷公藤红素下调SW620胞内的p-Akt、NF-κB、Survivin表达,激活caspase-7、caspase-3 和PARP;雷公藤红素增加SW620细胞内的ROS、降低线粒体膜电位、阻滞细胞周期于G₂/M期和诱导凋亡。抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)抑制雷公藤红素引起的上述作用。结论:通过诱导细胞内ROS的累积导致细胞内线粒体膜电位的下降进而触发细胞发生凋亡是雷公藤红素诱导SW620细胞凋亡的作用机制之一。