迟发性脾破裂32例诊治分析

目的 探讨迟发性脾破裂(DRS)的诊断和治疗方法。方法 对1978-1999年间收治的32例DRS进行回顾性分析，比较CT、B超、腹腔灌洗等检查手段在DRS诊断中的作用及不同治疗方法的效果。结果 26例行脾切除术，其中1例因合并脑损伤于脾切术后4d死亡；6例严密观察下保守治疗出院，平均住院18．5d。结论 联合腹腔灌洗可提高腹腔穿刺的阳性率。B超是诊断DRS和对保守治疗患者进行严密观察的重要手段。     

延迟性脾破裂的诊断和治疗

报告18例延迟性脾破裂(DRS)的诊治体会,结合文献认为提高对DRS的认识是正确诊断的前提,诊疗程序应是:外伤→左上腹痛→B超、CT→非手术治疗→B超、CT/腹穿→手术.     

B超诊断子宫肌瘤临床价值探讨

目的：探讨B超诊断子宫肌瘤的临床价值。方法选取接受治疗的85例子宫肌瘤患者的资料,进行分析,根据患者的B超诊断图像,掌握患者肿瘤的具体情况。结果85例患者均采用B超诊断,经过手术或者是病理证实之后,有81例患者确诊为子宫肌瘤,B超诊断的准确性高达95．29％。结论采用B超进行子宫肌瘤的诊断,对患者不造成任何创伤,诊断快速方便,准确性高。     

视网膜脱离的超声诊断及术后观察护理

目的 通过对视网膜脱离的B超超声诊断及手术后观察、护理,探讨B超检查在视网膜脱离中的应用价值,提高其治疗效果.方法 对120例经手术治疗的视网膜脱离患者进行B超超声图像分析,提供精细的术后观察及护理.结果 100例患者视力较术前有所提高,20例视力无改善.结论 B超超声诊断对视网膜脱离是一种有效、简便、准确率高的诊断方法,对手术适应症的选择提供了可靠依据,术后观察准确、护理到位,提高了视网膜脱离手术治疗效果.     

胃癌的超声诊断（附25例分析）

胃癌是危及国人健康的常见疾病之一，早期诊断，早期手术是治疗的关键。本文报告了B超诊断，手术病理证实的胃癌25例，对B超诊断胃癌的方法及应用价值进行分析，以进一步提高B超诊断胃癌的水平。临床资料与方法一、病例选择：1993—07～1997—08B超诊断胃癌32例，经X线钡透并经手术病理组织学检查确诊25例。二、方法：用国产海鹰SJN2032型B超诊断仪，探头频率3。SMHz。禁食、水12h后首先空腹扫查，后饮水500ml内加B超快速显像液10ml。取半坐位，仰卧位、左侧卧位、右侧卧位沿胃的体表投影按责门、胃底、胃体、胃窦的顺序进行纵向、横…     

腹腔实质脏器损伤B超与CT检查比较分析

目的：比较腹腔实质脏器损伤B超与CT的诊断在价值。方法：本文分析24例腹腔实质脏器损伤患者的B超和CT检查结果。并对CT表现和B超显示结果进行了比较分析。结果：B超CT用于检查腹部闭合伤时均有较高的敏感性和准确性。B超检查方便、快捷、可多体位、多切面、多次反复检查,是检查腹腔实质脏器闭合性损伤首选检查方法。当B超疑有腹部实质脏器损伤时,再行CT增强扫描以明确损伤范围和程度,为临床治疗提供依据。结论 ＣＴ和Ｂ超相结合可提高腹腔实质脏器损伤诊断准确率,为临床治疗提供依据。     

B超在输卵管妊娠诊断与治疗中的价值

目的 :研究腹部B超 (TAS)和阴道B超 (TVS)在输卵管妊娠诊断和治疗中的价值。方法 :回顾性总结近 2年来 15 0例输卵管妊娠在TAS和TVS声像图上的特点及其治疗中B超的应用价值。结果 :输卵管妊娠声像图特点为卵巢外混合型或非均质性包块 ,盆腔或腹腔积液。TAS和TVS诊断输卵管妊娠的符合率分别为 86%和 96.4%。结论 :B超对诊断输卵管妊娠有重要价值 ,TVS对输卵管妊娠未破裂型敏感性高 ,而TAS能更全面了解破裂型的积液范围 ,TVS更有利于治疗方法的选择。     

B超对腹部闭合性损伤的诊断价值

目的:为客观评价B超对诊断腹部闭合性损伤的实用性,为临床应用B超诊断腹部闭合性损伤提供依据。方法:收集352例腹部闭合性损伤病例的B超与手术资料,进行对照分析。结果:腹部闭合性损伤B超诊断的正确率明显高于腹穿、腹腔灌洗等传统方法;B超可对实质性脏器破裂做出诊断,并可在一定程度上进行定位诊断,但准确率仍偏低;B超对空腔性脏器损伤可做出诊断,但难以定位。结论:B超在闭合性腹部损伤的诊断和评价方面是首选诊断工具。     

B超对妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤诊断的价值

目的:探讨B超对诊断滋养细胞肿瘤的价值。材料和方法:116例滋养细胞肿瘤患者,其中葡萄胎76例,侵蚀性葡萄胎32例,绒癌8例。全部于治疗前/或治疗后进行B超检查。结果:良性组76例刮宫前B超检查与刮宫后病理检查对照,其诊断准确率为96.0％;刮宫后7～30天B超观察17例有恶变声像图。恶性组57例(包括良性组恶变者17例),其中35例进行单纯化疗,用B超动态观察子宫病灶变化,发现子宫异常回声病灶随疗程的增长而缩小或消退;另22例化疗后行手术治疗,术后病理检查与术前B超对照符合率为91.0％。结论:B超有助于滋养细胞肿瘤的诊断,能反映出子宫的病变并对疗效提供客观依据。     

CT、B超对妇科盆腔肿瘤的诊断价值

目的:探讨CT、B超在妇科盆腔肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析132例经手术及病理证实 的妇科盆腔肿瘤的CT、B超资料。结果:132例妇科盆腔肿瘤,CT符合率为89.4%,B超符合率为87.9%;121例 盆腔肿瘤定性诊断:CT符合率为88.4%,B超符合率为87.6%;28例盆腔恶性肿瘤分期:CT符合率为82.1%(23/ 28),B超符合率为75%(21/28);11例术后复发盆腔肿瘤:CT11例均与病理相符,B超10例相符,1例漏诊。结 论:CT、B超对妇科盆腔肿瘤的诊断具有重要的价值,合理应用能更好地指导临床治疗和术后疗效观察。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.