艾滋病并发播散性皮肤隐球菌病

报告1例艾滋病并发播散性皮肤隐球菌病。患者女,32岁。人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体阳性,无系统感染症状,皮损表现为传染性软疣样。皮损组织病理示组织细胞内外可见大量有荚膜的孢子,PAS染色阳性。皮损真菌培养阳性,菌种鉴定为新生隐球菌。治疗给予氟康唑静脉滴注,半个月后原有皮损结痂愈合,但右背部又新发带状疱疹。     

霉康唑治愈一例原发性皮肤隐球菌病

隐球菌病大部分原发于肺部,常常播及脑膜和脑实质.播散性隐球菌病偶可累及皮肤.原发性皮肤隐球菌病是指皮肤损害是其唯一的表现,而无系统性或脑脊液的侵犯.本病较为罕见,可以在含有新型隐球菌的异物损伤皮下以后而出现.作者报告一例男性患者,81岁,因左前臂红肿痛一个月而就诊.查局部红肿湿润,渗出少量脓液,近卫淋巴结不大.给予红霉素治疗无效,且损害继续扩大,以至形成10×6.5cm溃疡.检查肺、神经系统及其他系统无异常.溃疡区活检表现为慢性炎症,可见多数淋巴细胞、组织细胞和少数多形核白细胞浸润.有多数胶样厚荚膜孢子,偶见巨细胞.溃疡组织在沙氏葡萄糖琼脂培养为新型隐球菌生长.此时作痰、尿、脑脊液直接镜检和培养均为阴性.遂     

荚膜在小鼠原发性皮肤新生隐球菌感染中的作用

目的探讨新生隐球菌多糖荚膜在小鼠原发性皮肤新生隐球菌感染中的作用。方法按照笔者建立的原发性皮肤隐球菌感染模型构建方法,将新生隐球菌标准野生株B3501与荚膜缺陷株cap64分别皮内接种于免疫抑制与非抑制的BALB/c小鼠,皮损真菌培养与组织病理检查确证感染。观察2种隐球菌感染的病程,比较皮损形成与消退的时间。结果野生株与荚膜缺陷株新生隐球菌皮下接种于BALB/c小鼠后,均可以在免疫抑制与非抑制的BALB/c小鼠皮肤上产生结节、丘疹、溃疡、传染性软疣样皮损,皮损可以自愈,真菌培养与病理确证为隐球菌感染。2种菌株感染的病程差异无显著性意义。结论野生株与荚膜缺陷株新生隐球菌均可以造成BALB/c小鼠相似的皮肤感染。荚膜可能不是小鼠皮肤隐球菌感染的主要毒力因子。     

原发性皮肤隐球菌病一例

报告1例自身免疫功能正常的原发性皮肤隐球菌病。患者因右腋窝肿块、进行性加重8个月就诊。皮肤科情况:右腋窝可见10 cm×2.6 cm隆起性肿块,质软、稍有波动感,边界清楚,活动度差;额部、前胸部散在米粒至黄豆大小丘疹及结节。根据其临床症状、组织病理检查、特殊染色及真菌学检查,确诊为原发性皮肤隐球菌病。经局部手术切除及口服伊曲康唑治疗痊愈。     

播散性隐球菌病

报告1例免疫功能正常的播散性隐球菌病.患儿女,11岁.全身包括肺、淋巴结、骨髓、肝脾、脑及皮肤等多器官受累,表现为痤疮样皮损.患儿临床症状进展缓慢,全身中毒症状轻微,嗜酸性粒细胞升高.皮损、淋巴结组织病理检查示组织细胞内、外大量隐球菌酵母细胞,PAS染色阳性.皮损、骨髓、淋巴液真菌培养阳性,菌种鉴定为新生隐球菌,经PCR扩增测序为新生隐球菌grubii变种.     

新生隐球菌不同变种所致小鼠原发性皮肤感染的比较

目的：探讨新生隐球菌不同变种在原发性小鼠新生隐球菌皮肤感染中的作用。方法：按照我们建立的原发性皮肤隐球菌感染模型的方法，将新生隐球菌新生变种标准野生株B3501与格特变种标准株ATCC32609分别皮内接种于免疫抑制与非抑制的BALB／c小鼠，皮损真菌培养与组织病理检查确证感染。观察2种隐球菌感染的病程，比较皮损形成与消退的平均时间。结果：2种变种的新生隐球菌皮下接种于BALB／c小鼠后，可以在免疫抑制与非抑制的BALB／c小鼠皮肤上产生丘疹、结节、溃疡、传染性软疣样皮损，皮损可以自愈，真菌培养与病理确证为隐球菌感染。2种菌株只在免疫正常小鼠的皮损形成时间上存在差异。结论：新生变种与格特变种的新生隐球菌均可以造成BALB／c小鼠相似的皮肤感染。推测2种变种对原发性皮肤感染的致病力可能无差异，新生变种发病较多可能与其分布有关。     

克柔念珠菌引起的皮肤念珠菌性肉芽肿一例国内首报

患者女,80岁,左手腕部3 cm×6 cm大小浸润性肿块,部分表面覆盖增厚焦痂.临床拟诊:皮肤真菌感染.皮损样本送真菌培养、组织病理检查及特殊染色.组织病理检查,真皮内有大量淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞及浆细胞浸润,特殊染色见有大量的真菌孢子及菌丝.真菌培养及鉴定证实为克柔念珠菌.给予伊曲康唑口服治疗5个月,皮损消退.     

腰穿置管引流脑脊液加鞘内注药治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎6例

通过回顾性分析近年我科应用腰穿置管引流脑脊液加鞘内注药治疗的6例隐球菌性脑膜炎患者临床资料,探讨隐球菌性脑膜炎的治疗方法。结果6例患者全部治愈,其中初期治疗阶段即采用腰穿置管引流脑脊液加鞘内注药治疗的4例患者脑脊液隐球菌培养转阴时间为6~14d,平均10.2d。2例因不能系统应用两性霉素B而在治疗后期采用上述方法治疗的患者顺利完成全部疗程。腰穿置管引流脑脊液加鞘内注药治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎是有效的。     

特发性CD4+T淋巴细胞减少症伴播散性皮肤隐球菌病

患者女，23岁，左锁骨、腰部右侧及左膝部出现肿块并溃疡4个月，组织病理检查示组织中大量浆细胞及异物巨细胞；PAS染色显示大量散在或成团的孢子，经鉴定证实为新生隐球菌，连续T淋巴细胞亚群分析显示CD4^ T淋巴细胞明显减少，占总T淋巴细胞数20％以下．无人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染，诊断为特发件CD4^ T淋巴细胞减少症伴播散性皮肤隐球菌病．主要给予两性霉素B治疗，1个月后溃疡愈合．     

皮肤隐球菌病1例

报告1例皮肤隐球菌病。患儿男，12岁。因肾病综合征给予大剂量甲泼尼龙及环磷酰胺冲击治疗，面部及前臂出现多发性传染性软疣样皮疹，真菌学和组织病理检查证实为皮肤隐球菌病，给予氟康唑治疗无效，患者9d后死于急性肾功能衰竭。     

New fillers for the new man

ABSTRACT:  Two new collagen-based lidocaine-containing dermal fillers, ArteSense™/ArteFill™ (Artes Medical, San Diego, CA) and Evolence® (Colbar LifeScience Ltd., Herzliya, Israel), have proved to be of particular interest to men, many of whom seek a long-lasting or permanent correction. ArteFill™ has been available in the United States since 2006, and it is expected that Evolence® will reach the American market in 2008. The properties of the two products will be described, and experience based on the administration of many hundreds of syringes of both products by a Canadian dermatologist will be detailed here, with tips and precautions to optimize patient outcomes.     

Outcomes and adverse effects of ablative vs nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing: A systematic review of 1093 patients

It is generally believed that ablative laser therapies result in prolonged healing and greater adverse events when compared with nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing. To evaluate the efficacy of ablative laser use for skin resurfacing and adverse events as a consequence of treatment in comparison to other modalities, a PRISMA‐compliant systematic review (Systematic Review Registration Number: 204016) of twelve electronic databases was conducted for the terms “ablative laser” and “skin resurfacing” from March 2002 until July 2020. Studies included meta‐analyses, randomized control trials, cohort studies, and case reports to facilitate evaluation of the data. All articles were evaluated for bias. The search strategy produced 34 studies. Of 1093 patients included in the studies of interest, adverse events were reported in a total of 106 patients (9.7%). Higher rates of adverse events were described in nonablative therapies (12.2% ± 2.19%, 31 events) when compared with ablative therapy (8.28% ± 2.46%, 81 events). 147 patients (13.4%) reported no side effects, 68 (6.22%) reported expected, transient self‐resolving events, and five (0.046%) presented with hypertrophic scarring. Excluding transient events, ablative lasers had fewer complications overall when compared with nonablative lasers (2.56% ± 2.19% vs 7.48% ± 3.29%). This systematic review suggests ablative laser use for skin resurfacing is a safe and effective modality to treat a range of pathologies from photodamage and acne scars to hidradenitis suppurativa and posttraumatic scarring from basal cell carcinoma excision. Further studies are needed, but these results suggest that ablative lasers are a superior, safe, and effective modality to treat damaged skin.     

Genetic alterations in RAS‐regulated pathway in acral lentiginous melanoma

Studies integrating clinicopathological and genetic features have revealed distinct patterns of genomic aberrations in Melanoma. Distributions of BRAF or NRAS mutations and gains of several oncogenes differ among melanoma subgroups, while 9p21 deletions are found in all melanoma subtypes. In the study, status of genes involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis was evaluated in a panel of 17 frozen primary acral melanomas. NRAS mutations were found in 17% of the tumors. In contrast, BRAF mutations were not found. Gains of AURKA gene (20q13.3) were detected in 37.5% of samples, gains of CCND1 gene (11q13) or TERT gene (5p15.33) in 31.2% and gains of NRAS gene (1p13.2) in 25%. Alterations in 9p21 were identified in 69% of tumors. Gains of 11q13 and 20q13 were mutually exclusive, and 1p13.2 gain was associated with 5p15.33. Our findings showed that alterations in RAS‐related pathways are present in 87.5% of acral lentiginous melanomas.     

Self‐resolving superficial primary cutaneous mucormycosis in a 7‐week‐old infant

A 7‐week‐old girl, born at 30 weeks' gestational age, presented to clinic for evaluation of a crop of vesicular lesions that were noted after removal of a bandage that had been in place for 4 days. A punch biopsy of the lesion revealed fungal elements that were later identified as Rhizopus spp. The lesion began to self‐resolve, and no further treatment was needed, with full resolution of the lesion by 1 month after presentation. Clinicians should be aware of the variable presentations of mucormycosis and consider fungal infection in the differential diagnosis when evaluating vulnerable patients with skin eruptions.     

Multiple New-Onset Subcutaneous Nodules of the Upper Extremity Digits: Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath and Lipoma

A black woman with the concurrent onset of two subcutaneous nodules located on the digits of her upper extremities is described. Initially, a single systemic disorder was considered; yet, the lesions differed in morphology and consistency. Microscopic examination of the nodules showed a giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and a lipoma. Although Occam's “razor” suggests that multiple lesions in the same person are more likely to represent variable manifestations of a single disorder than several different diseases in that individual, the simultaneously appearing lesions in this patient represented two different conditions.