Snoring and atherosclerotic manifestations in a 70-year-old population

A number of studies have demonstrated an association between habitual snoring and ischemic heart disease like angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and ischemic changes on the electrocardiography (ECG). Control for the influence of potential confounders has been inadequate. To further elucidate the issue we examined the association between self-assessed snoring and the relation to atherosclerotic manifestations. 804 70-year-old males and females were classified according to snoring habits. Alcohol and tobacco consumption, blood pressure, body mass index, social group, plasma lipids (triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein), fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test, plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine were determined. Presence of angina pectoris, claudication intermittens, use of nitroglycerine were questioned, a resting ECG and a distal arterial pressure by use of doppler technique in the lower limbs were determined. Distal atherosclerotic manifestations was defined as complaints of claudication intermittens, pulselessness in one or more foot arteries or a foot/arm systolic pressure ratio < 0.90. ECG changes were classified in accordance to standard criteria (Minnesota codes) into positive ECG signs (Q/OS waves, S-T depressions, T-wave inversion or flattering or left bundle branch block) and definitive myocardial infarction. Snoring showed a weak positive correlation to positive ECG signs and definitive myocardial infarction, but after adjustments for the above confounders, no association was found between snoring and atherosclerotic manifestations. We conclude that, in a 70-year-old population, self-reported snoring is not associated with atherosclerotic manifestations.     

负性生活事件与高血压和空腹血糖受损关系

目的了解负性生活事件与高血压和空腹血糖受损之间的关系。方法随机整群抽样选取安徽省六安市3个乡镇18个行政村40～70岁村民进行入户面询问卷调查, 邀请完成问卷调查的村民于次日清晨去村卫生室检测指端末梢血糖(空腹>8 h)并测量2次平均血压(静坐时间>30 min, 间隔时间≥15 min)。采用logistic回归分析高血压和空腹血糖受损与负性生活事件、年龄、性别、文化程度、吸烟指数、每日酒精摄入量和体质指数之间的关系。结果不同年龄、性别、吸烟指数、每日酒精摄入量、体质指数、负性生活事件指数的村民高血压患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄、性别、文化程度、体质指数、负性生活事件指数的村民空腹血糖受损率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);logistic回归分析结果显示, 年龄(OR=0.35~0.66)、性别(OR=1.81)、文化程度(OR=1.21)和体质指数(OR=1.20) 是高血压患者患病的影响因素, 而负性生活事件对高血压的影响无统计学意义;文化程度(OR=0.77~0.72)、每日酒精摄入量(OR=1.64)、体质指数(OR=1.07)和负性生活事件(OR=1.32~1.80) 是空腹血糖受损的影响因素。结论负性生活事件与空腹血糖受损密切相关, 应注重构建生活事件干预理论, 以指导人们采取积极的态度应对负性生活事件。     

Early-life risk factors for adult chronic disease: follow-up of a cohort born during 1964-1978 in an urban slum of Lahore, Pakistan

Evidence suggests that risk of chronic diseases may be programmed during the foetal and early life of the infant. With high rates of low birthweight coupled with a rapid nutritional transition, low-income countries are facing an epidemic of chronic diseases. Follow-up of a cohort of adults born during 1964-1978 in an urban slum in Lahore, Pakistan, is presented in this paper. In 695 of these adults (mean age=29.0 years, males=56%), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and body mass index (BMI) were measured to assess early-life predictors of risk of chronic diseases. Sixteen percent of the study population was born with a low birthweight (<2,500 g). A significant positive association (p=0.007) was observed between birthweight and BMI; additionally, adjusting for age and gender, the association with BMI was highly significant (p=0.000). Conversely, a significant negative association (p=0.016) was observed between birthweight and adult levels of fasting plasma glucose; after adjustment for age and gender, the association was more significant (p=0.005) No association was observed between birthweight and adult blood pressure. The results suggest that low birthweight may increase later risk of impaired glucose tolerance in urban Pakistani adults. Further research in this area is warranted.     

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in 6-7-year-old Danish children: the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study

OBJECTIVE: To describe population values in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as blood lipids, fasting insulin and glucose and blood pressure in this young age group, and calculate associations to fitness and fatness. METHODS: Participants were 369 boys (6.8 +/- 0.4 years) and 327 girls (6.7 +/- 0.4 years) from preschool classes in Copenhagen. Peak VO2, blood pressure (BP), fat content and anthropometry were determined. A fasting blood sample was analysed for insulin, glucose and blood lipids. Physical activity was measured using accelerometry. RESULTS: Mean BMI, BP and blood lipids were not different between sexes. Fat percentage assessed from skinfolds was higher (21.5% vs. 16.5%) in girls than in boys (P < 0.001). Peak VO2 and physical activity were higher in boys than in girls (8% and 9%, respectively). Peak VO2 associated to fatness independent of body weight (r = 0.41; P < 0.001). Among the CVD risk factors, fitness was associated to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r = 0.14; P < 0.01) and physical activity (r = 0.12; P < 0.01). Fatness assessed by skinfold was associated to blood pressure (r = 0.19-0.28; P < 0.001), to fasting glucose (r = 0.11, P < 0.05) and insulin (r = 0.17; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Mean BP in 6-7-year-old Danish children has decreased since 1979 and BMI has increased modestly since 1986/1987. The lipid profile was similar compared with data from 1973 and 1978 in Danish children. Weak relationships were found between CVD risk factors, fitness and fatness.     

Plasma folate levels in men with type 2 diabetes

Limited data suggest that folate levels are higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We compared the fasting plasma folate, glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and supplementary vitamin use among male subjects with NGT, those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), those with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and those with previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Plasma folate of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and that of patients with previously diagnosed diabetes was significantly higher than that of NGT subjects (p < 0.001). Prevalence of vitamin use was lower in newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic subjects. Self-rated vegetable intake was similar among the four groups. FPG, BMI, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure correlated with plasma folate levels independently of lifestyle factors studied. These results suggest that plasma folate levels are elevated in male diabetic patients independently of health-conscious behavior that is recommended for diabetic people.     

Diet, alcohol, body mass, and social factors in relation to blood pressure: the Caerphilly Heart Study.

Data for 387 men who had completed seven-day weighed dietary records as part of the Caerphilly Heart Study were examined for relations of alcohol, diet, body mass index (BMI), and other variables to blood pressure. These included age, smoking, exercise, and social class. For men not on antihypertensive treatment (n = 356) regression analysis showed that age (p less than 0.001), BMI (p less than 0.05), and alcohol intake (p less than 0.01) were significantly related to systolic blood pressure, and BMI (p less than 0.001) and alcohol intake (p less than 0.01) to diastolic blood pressure. In addition, protein intake (p less than 0.05) was significantly and inversely related to the risk of being hypertensive, but other dietary variables were not related to blood pressure. For men on antihypertensive treatment (n = 31) significant inverse correlations were observed between diastolic blood pressure and the intakes of potassium (p less than 0.01), fibre (p less than 0.001), polyunsaturated fat (p less than 0.01), and a number of other dietary variables. Reasons for these differences are discussed.     

单纯收缩期高血压与血清铁及影响因素分析

目的 探讨血清铁与高血压的相关危险因素的交互作用及与单纯收缩期高血压的关系。方法 采用整群抽样方法,抽取哈尔滨报社人群为调查对象,对该人群进行血压、身高、体重、腰围、臀围的测量及吸烟、饮酒的调查及血清铁的检测。结果 单纯收缩期高血压组和非高血压组的年龄构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),性别构成差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组吸烟率、饮酒率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量、空腹血糖、体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。未控制混杂因素时,血清铁和超重、空腹血糖对单纯收缩期高血压存在交互作用,但调整混杂因素后,不存在交互作用。结论 血清铁与单纯收缩期高血压可能无关联。     

Homocysteine,cardiovascular disease risk factors,and habitual diet in the French Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals Study

BACKGROUND: An elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration seems to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the determinants of tHcy in healthy French adults. DESIGN: tHcy was measured by HPLC and fluorometric detection in 1139 women and 931 men aged 35-60 y. Subjects were participants of the Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals Study, which investigates the effects of antioxidant supplementation on chronic diseases. Red blood cell folate (RBCF), plasma vitamins B-6 and B-12, and cardiovascular disease risk factors were also measured. The habitual diet was assessed in 616 subjects. Cross-sectional analyses were adjusted for age, smoking, energy intake, and concentration or intake of folate and vitamin B-6, where appropriate. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) tHcy concentration was 8.74 +/- 2.71 micro mol/L in women and 10.82 +/- 3.49 micro mol/L in men. In women, tHcy was positively related to age (P = 0.001), apolipoprotein B (P < 0.01), serum triacylglycerol (P < 0.01), fasting glucose (P = 0.02), and coffee and alcohol consumption (both P < 0.01) and inversely related to RBCF (P = 0.11) and plasma vitamin B-12 (P = 0.08) and vitamin B-6 (P = 0.01) intakes. In men, tHcy was positively associated with body mass index (P = 0.03), blood pressure (P < 0.02), serum triacylglycerol (P < 0.01), fasting glucose (P = 0.01), and energy intake (P < 0.01) and inversely associated with physical activity (P = 0.04), RCBF (P = 0.02), plasma vitamin B-12 (P = 0.09), and dietary fiber (P < 0.01), folate (P = 0.03), and vitamin B-6 (P = 0.09) intakes. CONCLUSION: To control tHcy, decreasing coffee and alcohol consumption may be important in women, whereas increasing physical activity, dietary fiber, and folate intake may be important in men.     

Alcohol consumption and blood pressure: a comparison of native Japanese to American men

We compared the cross-sectional association of alcohol consumption with blood pressure in 810 Japanese men (JM) living in Tokyo and 946 white men (WM) living in New York. Mean systolic (JM and WM, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (JM, p < 0.002; WM, p < 0.001) were associated with alcohol consumption in both groups. Compared to abstainers, the heaviest drinkers had the highest systolic (JM, p = 0.001; WM, p < 0.01) and diastolic (JM, p < 0.002; WM, p < 0.05) blood pressures. The relation of blood pressure to alcohol intake was J-shaped in the Americans, but linear in the Japanese. Exploratory analyses revealed that the J-shape may have been due to under-reporting of heavy alcohol ingestion by American abstainers. When abstainers were excluded, the relationships were similar in both the American and Japanese. The positive association between blood pressure and alcohol consumption persisted after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking, use of antihypertensive medications, body mass index, heart rate, abdominal skinfold thickness, hematocrit, fasting blood glucose, serum uric acid levels and urinary sodium/potassium ratio. Alcohol use was also related to prevalence of hypertension. These findings confirm the presence of an independent association between alcohol intake and blood pressure in both JM and WM and suggest that, despite differences in the metabolism of alcohol, the relation of alcohol consumption to blood pressure is similar in both nationalities.     

The effects of insulin combined with glibenclamide on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus

We compared the effects of twice-daily insulin injections (n = 22) with combined insulin-glibenclamide therapy (n = 25) on glucose and lipid metabolism in 47 type II diabetic patients (age 69 (SD 9) years, BMI 25.5 (4.8) kg/m2, diabetes duration 9 (range 1-34) years) with secondary failure to sulphonylurea. After 6 months, weight gain averaged 4.2 kg (p less than 0.05), fasting blood glucose had decreased from 14.6 to 8.5 mmol/l (p less than 0.001), HbA1c from 10.9% to 8.1% (p less than 0.001). Twenty-one patients reached HbA1c levels less than 8.0%. Patients on insulin alone injected more insulin (42 vs 26 U daily, p less than 0.01). The decrease of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c was comparable in both groups (p less than 0.001). HDL-cholesterol increased (insulin: 1.10 to 1.24 mmol/l, combined therapy: 1.03 to 1.14 mmol/l, both p less than 0.01), while plasma triglycerides and NEFA decreased (p less than 0.01). Only in patients on insulin alone did total cholesterol decrease from 7.1 to 6.3 mmol/l (p less than 0.001), and LDL-cholesterol from 4.7 to 4.1 mmol/l (p less than 0.05). Apolipoproteins AI, AII and B did not show significant changes. Almost all patients reported improved wellbeing; no severe hypoglycaemias were observed.     

Ghrelin在GDM患者血浆中的检测及意义

目的:测定妊娠期糖尿病(Gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者血浆ghrelin的水平,并分析该指标与体重指数、血糖、血脂和胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:采用ELISA方法检测50例GDM患者、40例正常妊娠妇女及40例对照组的空腹血浆ghrelin浓度,并测定各组的空腹血糖、胰岛素及血脂,计算体重指数及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);进一步分析ghrelin与血糖、胰岛素、血脂、HOMA-IR的相关性。结果:(1)GDM组血浆ghrelin显著低于正常妊娠妇女及对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.01);GDM组体重指数、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、总胆固醇及甘油三酯的水平及HOMA-IR均明显高于正常妊娠妇女及对照组,差异均有显著性(均P<0.05);(2)GDM组血浆ghrelin浓度与体重指数、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素,甘油三酯及HOMA-IR呈显著负相关(r=-0.48,P<0.05;r=-0.49,P<0.05;r=-0.43,P<0.05;r=-0.64,P<0.01)。结论:ghrelin参与了GDM胰岛素抵抗的发生过程;血浆ghrelin浓度可能作为一种新的敏感指标在评价GDM胰岛素抵抗程度方面具有一定的临床价值。     

Obesity,fasting plasma insulin,and C-reactive protein levels in healthy children

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is associated with hyperinsulinemia and increased level of C-reactive protein in older children and adults, but little is known about these relationships in very young children. We examined these relationships in healthy 2- to 3-year-old children. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Analyses were performed on data from 491 healthy 2- to 3-year-old Hispanic children enrolled in a dietary study conducted in New York City, 1992 to 1995. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI), ponderal index, and sum of four skinfolds were highly correlated (r > 0.75) in both boys and girls. Fasting insulin and glucose levels were only modestly correlated (r = 0.37 for boys and r = 0.28 for girls; p < 0.001 for both), but essentially all of the variability in a calculated index of insulin resistance was attributable to variability in fasting insulin level. The correlations of BMI with fasting insulin level were r = 0.16 (p < 0.05) in boys and r = 0.14 (p < 0.05) in girls. In separate multivariate regression analyses adjusting for age and sex, BMI and ponderal index were associated with fasting plasma insulin level (p < 0.001 for both obesity measures). In multivariate regression analyses adjusting simultaneously for age, sex, and either BMI or ponderal index, fasting insulin level, but not these obesity measures, was associated with C-reactive protein level. DISCUSSION: Obesity is associated with higher fasting insulin level, and fasting insulin is associated with C-reactive protein level, in healthy 2- to 3-year-old children.     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血浆Ghrelin水平与胰岛素抵抗的研究

目的:观察妊娠期糖期尿病孕妇血浆ghrelin水平及其与体重指数(BMI)、血脂、血糖、胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法:选取正常分娩的妊娠期糖尿病孕妇40例为研究组,对照组为正常孕妇40例,两组孕妇年龄、孕龄及BMI均无统计差异(P0.05)。对两组孕妇于孕28周进行75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),测定0、1、2、3 h静脉血浆葡萄糖,如有2个或2个以上时点的血糖大于或等于临界值,则诊断为妊娠期糖尿病。酶联免疫吸附法(EIA)测定空腹血浆ghrelin浓度,并测定空腹血糖、胰岛素、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,计算胰岛素敏感指数。结果:①与正常对照组比较,研究组孕妇FBG、FINS、TC、TG、LDL-C及HOMA-IR均明显升高(P0.01),HDL-C明显下降(P0.01)。②妊娠期糖尿病组血浆ghrelin水平显著低于对照组(P0.01)。Pearson相关分析表明,研究组孕妇血浆ghrelin与BMI、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素及HOMA-IR呈负相关。结论:妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血浆存在糖脂代谢紊乱,胰岛素抵抗增加;妊娠期糖尿病孕妇ghrelin水平表达较正常孕妇显著降低;血浆ghrelin水平与胰岛素抵抗呈负相关;Ghrelin参与了孕期机体的能量代谢以及胰岛素抵抗的发生。     

男性原发性高血压患者血清胱抑素C与血糖的相关性分析

目的 探讨男性原发性高血压患者血清胱抑素C水平与血糖的关系。方法 选取2017年6月 - 2017年9月于某医院体检的3 093位男性成年人为研究对象，检测身高、体重、血压、血脂谱、血清Cys C、FPG等指标，分析高血压患者的血清胱抑素C与血糖间的关系。结果 年龄、BMI、TC、TG、LDL、FPG、Cys C水平随高血压严重程度的增加而增高（P趋势＜0.05）。调整年龄、BMI、血压、血脂等因素后，多重线性回归结果显示Cys C正常的1级高血压患者中Cys C与FPG呈负相关(r = - 0.182，P＜0.05)， Cys C正常的1级高血压患者中Cys C是FPG的影响因素(B = - 0.107，P＜0.001)。结论 在血清胱抑素C正常的男性1级高血压患者中，FPG随Cys C增加而轻度下降，1级高血压患者可允许Cys C在正常范围内适当升高来达到控制血糖的目的。     

Guar gum improves insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, blood pressure, and fibrinolysis in healthy men.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was carried out in 25 healthy, nonobese middle-aged men to test the effect of guar gum on glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and fibrinolysis. Ten grams guar or placebo granulate was given three times a day for 6 wk with a 2-wk run-in before and a wash-out period after. Decreases in fasting blood glucose (P < 0.001), cholesterol (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.05), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (P < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.01), and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001) were seen during guar treatment when compared with placebo. Insulin sensitivity, measured with the euglycemic-clamp technique, increased (P < 0.01), adipose tissue-glucose uptake measured in vitro increased (P < 0.001), and 24-h urinary excretion of sodium and potassium increased (P < 0.001) during guar treatment. Fasting plasma insulin, renin, aldosterone, and fibrinogen concentrations as well as skeletal-muscle electrolytes, urinary catecholamines, and body weight remained unaltered. These findings support a role for guar in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome in which insulin resistance seems to play a pivotal role.     

Predictors of cardiovascular risk factors in Tehranian adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major health and social problems in Iran. The aim of this study is to determine the predictors of CVD risk factors in adolescents residing in district 13 of Tehran. METHODS: Dietary intake assessment was undertaken with two separate 24-hour recall interviews with adolescents aged 11-18 years, selected from among 15005 subjects who were participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. After excluding the under- and over-reporters, 290 adolescents remained in the study. Data related to cigarette smoking was collected. Height and weight were assessed and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood pressure was measured twice at intervals in a seated position. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were measured in a blood sample after 12 hours of fasting, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated. To determine the predictors of CVD risk factors stepwise linear regression was used. RESULTS: There were strong positive correlations between BMI and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in girls: (beta = 1.8, p < 0.001; beta = 0.8, p < 0.001) and boys (beta =0.04, p < 0.001; beta = 0.05, p < 0.01). There was an inverse association between calcium intake and systolic (beta = -0.16, p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure in boys (beta = -0.36, p < 0.01), as well as inverse association between calcium intake and systolic (beta = -1.2, p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (beta = -0.05, p < 0.05) and serum triglycerides (beta = -0.1, p < 0.01) in girls. Positive correlations were found between BMI and cholesterol in girls (beta = 0.2, p < 0.01) and boys (beta = 0.31, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Certain dietary and life style factors predict CVD risk factors in Tehranian adolescents.     

高尿酸血症相关因素调查分析

目的探讨高尿酸血症与肥胖、血压升高、高甘油三酯血症、高血糖的关系。方法2008年对某地1463名民警进行健康体检,发现高尿酸血症患者359人为高尿酸组,1104人为尿酸正常组,测量两组的BMI、血压、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖等进行比较。结果高尿酸血症的BMI、血压、甘油三酯、空腹血糖水平高于尿酸正常组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于尿酸正常组,均有显著差异(p<0.05)。高尿酸组合并肥胖、血压升高、高甘油三酯、高血糖等与尿酸正常组比较有显著性差异(p<0.01)。结论血尿酸水平的升高与肥胖、血压升高、高甘油三酯、高血糖密切相关,应重视血尿酸的健康检查。     

Larger thigh and hip circumferences are associated with better glucose tolerance: the Hoorn study

OBJECTIVE: A higher waist-to-hip ratio, which can be due to a higher waist circumference, a lower hip circumference, or both, is associated with higher glucose levels and incident diabetes. A lower hip circumference could reflect either lower fat mass or lower muscle mass. Muscle mass might be better reflected by thigh circumference. The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of thigh and hip circumferences, independent of waist circumference, to measures of glucose metabolism. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: For this cross-sectional study we used baseline data from the Hoorn Study, a population-based cohort study of glucose tolerance among 2484 men and women aged 50 to 75. Glucose tolerance was assessed by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; hemoglobin A(1c) and fasting insulin were also measured. Anthropometric measurements included body mass index (BMI) and waist, hip, and thigh circumferences. RESULTS: Stratified analyses and multiple linear regression showed that after adjustment for age, BMI, and waist circumference, thigh circumference was negatively associated with markers of glucose metabolism in women, but not in men. Standardized beta values in women were -0.164 for fasting, -0.206 for post-load glucose, -0.190 for hemoglobin A(1c) (all p < 0.001), and -0.065 for natural log insulin levels (p = 0.061). Hip circumference was negatively associated with markers of glucose metabolism in both sexes (standardized betas ranging from -0.093 to -0.296, p < 0.05) except for insulin in men. Waist circumference was positively associated with glucose metabolism. DISCUSSION: Thigh circumference in women and hip circumference in both sexes are negatively associated with markers of glucose metabolism independently of the waist circumference, BMI, and age. Both fat and muscle tissues may contribute to these associations.     

Plasma leptin and blood pressure in men: graded association independent of body mass and fat pattern

OBJECTIVE: The role of leptin in the association between body mass, central adiposity, and blood pressure (BP) is controversial. This study evaluated the relationship between leptin and BP in relation to body mass index (BMI) and fat distribution in a large sample of untreated male adults. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The study population was made up of 457 untreated male employees of the Olivetti factory in Naples. Plasma leptin, complete anthropometry, BP, and relevant biochemical variables were measured. RESULTS: Log-transformed plasma leptin levels were directly associated with BMI (r = 0.661, p < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = 0.630; p < 0.001). Leptin also correlated with systolic (r = 0.258) and diastolic (r = 0.277) BP (p < 0.001). The association between leptin and BP was maintained after accounting for age, BMI (or waist circumference), log-insulin, and serum creatinine (p < 0.01); this association was stronger than that with BMI. Logistic regression analysis showed that an increased prevalence of hypertension (BP >or= 140 and/or 90 mm Hg) was associated with high plasma leptin levels when controlling for age and waist circumference (odds ratio, 1.99; 95%CI, 1.06 to 3.72) or for age and BMI (odds ratio, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.02 to 3.61). DISCUSSION: A graded positive relationship between plasma leptin levels and BP was observed in this sample of untreated male adults. This association was independent of age, BMI, abdominal adiposity, and fasting plasma insulin. Moreover, elevated plasma leptin concentrations were associated with greater probability of hypertension, again independently of potential confounders.     

江苏省太仓市2型糖尿病及糖尿病前期人群横断面分析大数据研究

目的 了解江苏省太仓市2型糖尿病(T2DM)及糖尿病前期(IGR)的流行现状,并分析相关危险因素.方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,选取太仓市1,319名18~65周岁的常住居民为调查对象进行横断面调查,并对研究对象进行问卷调查和体格检查,留取空腹和餐后2h静脉血进行生化指标测定.结果 不计已确诊的糖尿患者,太仓市居民T2DM的患病率为6.1%、IGR患病率为16.0%.在IGR人群中,空腹血糖受损(IFG)患病率为4.09%、糖耐量受损(IGT)患病率为11.9%.IGR组和T2DM组分别同正常糖耐量组(NGT)组比较,腰围、臀围、体质指数、腰臀比、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖和餐后2小时血糖均高于NGT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄、性别、高血压、腹型肥胖、体质指数、糖尿病家族史是太仓市城乡居民糖尿病前期及糖尿病患者的重要危险因素.结论 太仓地区的IGR患病率较高,社区全科团队应将年龄较大、男性、糖尿病家族史、BMI指数超标、腹部肥胖、患有高血压等危险因素的居民作为重点对象进行健康教育干预.