主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜疾病一期修复手术效果

目的:探讨一期升主动脉-腹主动脉转流术+瓣膜矫治手术对成人主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜病的疗效。方法:回顾分析我中心2015年8月至2019年11月,成人主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜病患者共14例,平均年龄(36.9±15.0)岁,合并主动脉瓣病变12例,单纯主动脉瓣病变9例,同时合并三尖瓣病变1例,二尖瓣病变2例;单纯二尖瓣病变2例;14例患者均行升-腹主动脉转流术,同期主动脉瓣置换术8例,主动脉瓣瓣周漏修补术1例,二尖瓣置换术2例,双瓣置换术1例,主动脉瓣置换+二尖瓣成形术1例,主动脉瓣置换+三尖瓣成形术1例。根据患者手术前后上下肢压差,平均压差,出血量,手术时间,呼吸机使用时间评价手术效果。结果:患者均存活,最大压差下降(43.3±18.7)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),平均血压差下降(24.7±14.4)mmHg,差异有统计学意义;术中出血量(1 568.6±742.9)mL,呼吸机使用时间(17.9±8.8) h,术后1例胰淀粉酶(AMY)升高,1例残留轻度高血压,1例心脏骤停ECMO辅助,余无明显并发症,随访(26.0±13.9)个月,CTA检查显示人工血管均畅通,手术效果满意,患者上下肢压差减小,无明显不适。结论:一期升-腹主动脉转流+瓣膜手术对成人主动脉缩窄合并瓣膜病的患者安全、有效、可行。     

胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的外科治疗——手术适应证手术方法的选择及疗效

目的 :探讨胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤外科治疗的手术适应证及手术方法的选择和疗效。方法 :1982年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 6月 ,治疗各类胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤 4 2 7例 ,其中DeBakeyⅠ型 116例 ,Ⅱ型 133例 ,Ⅲ型 178例 ,平均年龄 2 7 5± 10 7(2 3～ 74 )岁 ,体重 72 5± 13 2 (5 2～ 12 0 )kg。手术方法包括 :改良Bentall手术 176例 ,Bentall及右半弓人工血管置换 1例 ;Wheat手术 2 0例 ,Wheat及右半弓人工血管置换 4例 ;升主动脉人工血管置换 2 1例 ,升主动脉及全弓人工血管置换 10例 ,升主动脉及右半弓人工血管置换 4例 ,升主动脉置换及弓部破口修补 3例 ,升主动脉置换及主动脉瓣成型 3例 ;全弓部人工血管置换 7例 ;降主动脉置换 4 1例 ,降主动脉及左半弓人工血管置换 2例 ,降主动脉补片成型 12 9例 ;腔内覆膜支架介入治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤 6例。其中急诊手术 5 4例。全组病人升主动脉手术采用股动脉及右房插管全心转流 ,弓部手术采用深低温停循环加上腔静脉脑逆灌 ,降主动脉采用左上肺静脉及股动脉插管左心转流的方法。结果 :手术死亡 4 3例 ,死亡率 10 1% ;与手术相关的并发症包括 :术后心律失常 7例 ,脑功能障碍 5例 ,脊髓损伤影响下肢活动 5例 ,感染引起胸骨裂开 4例 ,术后出血而 2次开胸 8例 ,肾功能衰?     

升-降主动脉旁路术治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄

目的：探讨升-降主动脉人工血管旁路术治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄的手术效果并总结其临床经验。方法：2015年10月和2018年7月,应用升主动脉-降主动脉人工血管转流术治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄2例,均为男性;年龄分别未22岁和46岁。两例病人均经桡动脉、足背动脉穿刺测压,根据术前、术后,桡动脉、足背动脉平均压差变化评价手术效果。结果：术后均治愈出院。术前桡动脉足背动脉平均压差48mmHg和55mmHg;术后桡动脉足背动脉平均压差6mmHg和9mmHg,较术前明显缩小。术后主动脉CTA复查示转流人工血管通畅。结论：升-降主动脉人工血管旁路术是治疗成人复杂主动脉缩窄的有效手段。     

成人型主动脉缩窄的外科治疗

目的:总结成人型主动脉缩窄的外科治疗经验。方法:自2007年2月至2007年6月,我们采用胸-腹主动脉转流治疗5例成人型主动脉弓缩窄。结果:本组患者无手术死亡及严重并发症。术后上肢血压明显下降,上下肢血压差由术前平均72 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至-4 mmHg。未见人工血管并发症。结论:成人型主动脉缩窄手术治疗效果满意;手术方式的选择应根据病变的具体情况和术者经验而定;胸-腹主动脉转流术是一种安全有效的治疗方式。     

升主动脉成形人工血管外包裹治疗儿童马方综合征

目的:探讨升主动脉外人工血管包裹术(Robicsek手术)对儿童马方综合征主动脉根部扩张症的诊治及疗效。方法:1996年9月至2001年7月共收治儿童马方综合征9例,其中6例存在主动脉根部扩张症,治疗采用升主动脉外人工血管包裹术。3例在全麻非体外循环下进行升主动脉外包裹手术;3例在体外循环下行升主动脉外包裹手术,其中2例伴有主动脉瓣关闭不全,1例行同种瓣移植,1例行机械瓣置换。结果:1例术后2 d死于急性左心衰竭,5例存活,随访2~5年效果满意。结论:升主动脉外包裹术是治疗儿童马方综合征主动脉根部扩张症的一种较好选择。     

内毒素血症和体外循环

44.8±17.2岁的9(男4、女5)例,黑人(5例)、白人(2例)和亚洲人(2例),采用滚压泵(和鼓泡式氧合器)作中度低温非搏动性体外循环(心肺转流),分别进行二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换(5例)、二尖瓣置换(2例)、二尖瓣置换和三尖瓣瓣环成形(1例)和再次施行冠状动脉旁路移植(1例)。平均转流流量为2.11±0.20L/min/m~2,平均转流灌注压为76.1±11.0mmHg,开始转流至上钳阻断主动脉的时间为7.8±7.9min。第9例患者先后2次上钳阻断主动脉(分别持续252和102min),总转流时间长达589min。前8例患者总转流时间平均118±25min。10次上钳阻断时间平均98.5±63.3min。以无热原一次性塑     

小瓣环主动脉瓣置换并主动脉瓣环扩大术的近中期结果

目的:评价主动脉瓣环扩大成形术,在小主动脉瓣环的主动脉瓣置换术(AVR)中临床应用的近中期结果。方法:2002年1月至2007年5月,共25例小主动脉瓣环患者行AVR术,男性22例,女性3例,年龄7～64岁,平均(45±12.5)岁。术前主动脉瓣环径(18.12±1.93)mm,跨瓣压差(82±12)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。心功能(HYHA分级):Ⅱ级20例、Ⅲ级4例及Ⅳ级1例。采用中、低温体外循环下行主动脉瓣环扩大并AVR术。Nicks法20例,Manouguian法5例。置换机械瓣18例,生物瓣5例,自体肺动脉瓣移植至主动脉瓣(Ross手术)2例。结果:死亡1例,为Ross手术后出现低心排出量综合征,出现病死率4%。其余24例住院(10±2)d。主动脉瓣环径扩大至(23.7±1.5)mm,跨瓣压差为(22±7)mmHg,与术前相比P<0.05。出院患者随访平均(24±10)个月,人工瓣和自体肺动脉瓣功能良好。心功能(HYHA分级):Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论:小瓣环主动脉瓣置换加瓣环扩大术近中期结果良好,远期结果有待进一步随访。     

支架置入治疗主动脉狭窄

目的 :评估经皮支架置入治疗主动脉狭窄的疗效和安全性。方法 :8例患者 ,年龄 14～ 5 2 ( 31± 13)岁 ,均有严重的高血压、主动脉明显狭窄。经股动脉路径置入球囊扩张支架及自膨胀支架各 4例。结果 :8例患者的病变均位于胸主动脉。支架置入技术成功 7例 ,术后狭窄从 ( 83± 12 ) %降至 ( 2 4± 8) % ,狭窄远近端压差从 5 8± 2 6mmHg( 1mmHg =0 133kPa)降至 6± 9mmHg。上肢血压从 181± 30 /94± 2 7mmHg降至 131± 9/74±16mmHg ,降压药从 3± 1种降至 1± 1种 ,踝—肱血压指数则从 0 42± 0 19升至 0 99± 0 12 ,均有极显著性差异 (P均 <0 0 0 1)。随访 8～ 2 7( 18 5± 7 2 )个月 ,疗效维持稳定 ,未发生并发症。结论 :在经选择的主动脉狭窄患者 ,经皮支架置入治疗有效。其远期疗效和支架再狭窄需进一步调查     

先天性左心室流出道梗阻的外科治疗

目的 :总结先天性左室流出道梗阻 (LVOTO)的外科治疗经验。方法 :分析我科 1998年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 7月 33例先天性LVOTO接受手术治疗的患者临床资料。年龄 1～ 5 5岁 ,平均 (14 9± 10 2 )岁。其中主动脉瓣膜狭窄 10例 (30 3% ) ;主动脉瓣下狭窄 18例 (5 4 5 % ) ;主动脉瓣上狭窄 3例 (9 1% ) ;复合狭窄 2例 (6 1% )。有合并畸形者 2 3例 (6 9 7% ) ,心内膜炎 2例 (6 1% )。主动脉瓣置换 7例 (2 1 2 % ) ,升主动脉加宽 3例 (9 1% ) ,主动脉根部和升主动脉加宽 2例 (6 1% )。对主动脉瓣换瓣的患者常规华法令抗凝治疗 ,并监测凝血酶原时间和国际标准指数。结果 :全组无早期死亡 ;随访 3～ 4 1个月 ,平均 (13 2± 6 8)个月 ,4例患者残留轻度梗阻 (12 2 % ) ;晚期死亡 1例 (3 0 % )术后 18个月死于感染性心内膜炎 ;其余患者恢复良好。结论 :对不同类型的先天性LVOTO选择合适的手术方式、同期处理合并畸型、加强术后随访是提高先天性LVOTO外科治疗疗效的关键。     

非体外循环下双向格林分流术的临床应用

目的 :评价非体外循环下双向格林分流术的临床应用价值。方法 :1999年 4月～ 2 0 0 1年 4月 ,3 6例单心室等复杂先天性心脏畸形患者接受了非体外循环下的双向格林分流术(非体外循环手术组 )。包括 2 8例单侧双向格林分流术 ,8例双侧双向格林分流术。男性 2 5例 ,女性 11例。年龄 5 7±5 4岁 (6个月～ 2 4岁 ) ,体表面积 0 72± 0 3 4(0 3 5～ 1 2 8)m2 ,术前经皮血氧饱和度 0 75± 0 0 7(0 45～ 0 83 ) ,术中肺动脉压 14 3± 3 6mmHg(1mmHg =0 13 3kPa)。并以 1994～ 2 0 0 0年间在体外循环下实施双向格林分流术的 3 5例患者作为对照组 (体外循环手术组 ) ,进行比较。结果 :非体外循环手术组病例无死亡 ,1例患者出现乳糜胸。所有患者发绀明显减轻 ,顺利出院。出院时动脉血氧饱和度 0 93± 0 0 4。与体外循环手术组相比 ,在非体外循环下实施双向格林分流术可以明显减少术后呼吸机辅助时间及术后胸液引流量。结论 :非体外循环下的双向格林分流术操作较为简便 ,术后早期效果良好。     

Single-stage treatment of aortic coarctation and aortic valve disease

Surgical management of thoracic aortic coarctation associated with severe aortic valve disease is difficult in most cases. As staged procedures are associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality, simultaneous operative management of both lesions is desirable. From 1997 to 2001, 9 patients (8 males and 1 female with a mean age of 30.1 +/- 10.4 years) with this condition underwent simultaneous ascending aorta-infrarenal abdominal aorta bypass graft and aortic valve replacement. One patient died from failure of the extracorporeal circulation during the operation. Another patient suffered from partial intestinal obstruction in the early postoperative period but was successfully treated. The underlying pathology was successfully corrected in the 8 surviving patients, whose blood pressure in the upper limbs was reduced while that in the lower limbs rose. Being easier to manage, the single-stage approach with extraanatomic bypass is safe and effective for managing this aortic complication.     

大动脉炎累及冠状动脉的特点和外科治疗

目的:探讨大动脉炎累及冠状动脉的特点和外科治疗.方法:共手术治疗6例冠状动脉开口狭窄或闭塞的患者,其中5例行冠状动脉旁路移植术,1例直接扩大冠状动脉开口;同期行升主动脉-腹主动脉人工血管转流术1例,Bentall主动脉根部替换术2例,Cabrol主动脉根部替换术和二尖瓣替换术1例.结果:无手术死亡.发生围术期心肌梗死和低心排综合征1例.结论:大动脉炎累及冠状动脉的同时,常合并主动脉及其分支的狭窄,也常同时合并升主动脉壁增厚、扩张和(或)主动脉瓣关闭不全等,明显增加了同期手术的难度.由于锁骨下动脉常受累,乳内动脉不适于作为旁路移植材料.     

Perioperative Aortic Dissection: Early Recognition Improves Outcome

Perioperative (intra- and early postoperative) aortic dissection in cardiac surgery is a rare but potentially lethal complication. Immediate recognition and appropriate treatment are needed. We reviewed the incidence of perioperative dissection in a consecutive series of 9118 patients operated on during a 6-year period. There were 9 cases of proximal aortic dissection, one dissection was diagnosed at autopsy only. There were 8 males and 1 female (mean age 64 years, range 46–75). The initial procedure was CABG in 6, CABG with mitral valve repair in 2 and redo aortic valve replacement in 1. All patients had cardiovascular risk factors, arterial hypertension being present in 8 and multifocal atherosclerosis in 6. Five patients had undgrgone a previous arterial reconstruction. In 6 patients, aortic dissection was identified before sternotomy closure during the initial procedure, in one patient during hospitalization, in one 18 days after discharge. Aortic repair was performed in 8 cases and consisted of supracoronary ascending aortic graft in 6, proximal descending repair in one and composite graft replacement in one patient. Two patients died early postoperatively due to low cardiac output. One patient developed paraplegia, although aortic repair had been performed without technical difficulty. There were no deaths directly related to the dissection in those patients where it had been immediately recognized during the initial operation. Iatrogenic aortic dissection complicating open heart surgery with the aid of extracorporeal circulation is encountered with an incidence of approximately 0.01%. The prognosis is improved if it is recognized immediately. Graft repair is the treatment of choice.     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的 总结A型主动脉夹层外科治疗经验,探讨治疗A型主动脉夹层安全有效的术式和方法.方法 我院2008年1月至2013年11月对40例A型主动脉夹层患者予以外科治疗.Bentall（带瓣人造血管替代升主动脉根部和主动脉瓣膜,并移植左右冠状动脉）手术17例,其中10例同期行主动脉弓部替换＋降主动脉象鼻支架置入术;单纯升主动脉人工血管置换术8例;窦部成形＋主动脉瓣交界悬吊术6例,窦部替换＋主动脉瓣成形＋升主动脉半弓替换5例;升主动脉人工血管置换术＋主动脉全弓替换4例.采用深低温停循环技术（DHCA）12例,其余为浅中低温体外循环.采用冷血心脏停搏液灌注12例,组氨酸-色氨酸-酮戊二酸（HTK）停搏液灌注7例,冷晶体心脏停搏液21例.采用改良超滤技术19例.结果 手术死亡1例,围术期死亡4例,死亡率12.5％（5/40）,余均痊愈出院.结论 细化A型主动脉夹层的分型有利于制订个体化手术方案.术中止血彻底及心肌、脑保护确切可提高手术成功率.     

Aortic valve replacement with stentless xenografts.

Between 15th June 1991 and 15th August 1992, 40 patients underwent aortic valve replacement with the newly designed Edwards stentless aortic bioprosthesis 2500. The patients' ages ranged from 24 years to 80 years (mean 60.3 years). Preoperatively, 17 patients presented with pure aortic stenosis, three with aortic regurgitation and 20 with mixed lesion. The operations were performed with normothermic extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass and cold cardioplegic arrest. The implanted valves ranged in diameter from 21 mm to 27 mm. Ten patients received a subcoronary implantation, with the lower row of sutures being interrupted and the upper being continuous. The so-called miniroot technique was used in the other 30, also involving lower interrupted and running upper sutures after adaptation of the coronary ostia to the preformed openings in the graft. The aortic cross-clamp time ranged from 51 minutes to 94 minutes (mean 71 minutes). There was no operative mortality but three patients died early after the operation due to cardiac tamponade, sepsis and pneumonia. There was no late mortality or morbidity in the surviving patients up to 16 months postoperatively. Echocardiography, performed at discharge and twice a year thereafter showed no signs of significant valve incompetence in any patient, and continuous wave Doppler measurements indicated that resting pressure gradients across the aortic valve were low or absent. Our preliminary experience with the stentless aortic xenograft shows improved hemodynamic function as compared to stent mounted xenografts or mechanical prostheses. Further studies are needed, however, to establish the long-term performance of this device.     

Diagnostic value of transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgery

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of intraoperative 2-D color Doppler transesophageal echocardiography (ITEE) for the surgeon and anesthesiologist in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery or heart valve replacement. Information given by ITEE in 100 cardiac operations was documented. We judged the ITEE information, considering to what extent it was not to be obtained by other methods and to what extent it influenced the operation itself. The value was classified as dispensable (0), informative (1), valuable (2), or essential (3). In 50 consecutive patients with heart-valve replacement (25 aortic valve prostheses, 25 mitral valve prostheses) ITEE was 38 x (0), 8 x (1), 4 x (2). In 50 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery it was 33 x (0), 11 x (1), 4 x (2), 2 x (3). The two essential diagnoses referred to undetected vein graft occlusions. Information classified as valuable mainly referred to left and right ventricular function or valvular and prosthetic valve function when difficulties occurred during and after extracorporeal circulation. In conclusion, information given by ITEE, although generally regarded as dispensable in the procedures considered, was valuable in 10% of cases and in 2% even essential.     

Aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation caused by aortitis

Between January 1984 and December 1998, 19 patients (16 with Takayasu's arteritis, 3 with non-Takayasu's aortitis) underwent surgical treatment for aortic regurgitation resulting from the aortitis. Of the 19 patients, 14 had aortic valve replacement (AVR) and 5 had aortic root replacement. One patient (5.3%) died of graft infection during the hospital stay. During the follow-up period, 1 (5.6%) of the 18 postoperative patients died of paravalvular leakage due to valve detachment, which also required redo-operations in 2 patients with non-Takayasu's aortitis. Both patients were operated on during the active phase of the inflammation without perioperative steroid therapy. Although transmural pledgeted sutures were used for replacement of the detached prosthetic valve in 1 of these 2 patients, disruption of the aortic wall resulted in recurrence of valve detachment. In the other patient, aortic root replacement was successfully performed with the Cabrol technique in the second operation. Perioperaitve steroid therapy plays an important role in preventing complications after AVR when the valve replacement is carried out during the active phase of the inflammation, and for patients with non-Takayasu's aortitis, aortic root replacement should be considered to reduce the tension on the suture line and the native aortic valve annulus.     

经冠状静脉窦逆行灌注心脏跳动中主动脉瓣置换术（附5例报告）

对3例主动脉瓣狭窄并关闭不全、2例主动脉瓣狭窄关闭不全并二尖瓣狭窄关闭不全患者,经冠状静脉窦逆行灌注,在心脏有节律的空跳中施行主动脉瓣置换或主动瓣二尖瓣双瓣置换手术。在整个手术过程中,心脏持续得到氧合血的供应,并测定术中及术后血清肌酸激酶（CPK）及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）含量。结果术后患者恢复顺利,多巴胺用量少,未出现低心排出量综合征、严重心律失常及气体栓塞等严重并发症,术中及术后CPK及LDH含量无显著性差异。认为浅低温体外循环经冠状静脉窦逆行灌注心脏不停跳技术是一种简单、安全、接近生理状态的心肌保护措施。     

Aortic valve replacement in patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis and coronary bypass surgery

PURPOSE: To assess whether there is survival benefit for patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis if they undergo aortic valve replacement at the time of coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS: From 1985 to 1995 we evaluated all patients at our institution who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery and who had the echocardiographic diagnosis of mild (mean gradient <0 mm Hg and/or valve area >1.5 cm(2)) or moderate (mean gradient > or =30 and < or =40 mm Hg and/or valve area >1.0 < or =1.5 cm(2)) aortic stenosis. Using propensity analysis, survival was compared between 129 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery alone and 78 patients who underwent concomitant coronary artery bypass surgery and aortic valve replacement. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality was similar among patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery alone compared with patients who underwent concomitant coronary artery bypass surgery and aortic valve replacement. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, 1-year and 8-year survival were better at 90% and 55% for patients who underwent concomitant coronary artery bypass surgery and aortic valve replacement compared with 85% and 39% for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery alone (P <0.001). This benefit was limited to patients with moderate aortic stenosis (propensity-adjusted relative risk = 0.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.20 to 0.96; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Concomitant aortic valve replacement at the time of coronary artery bypass surgery for mild or moderate aortic stenosis appears to convey a survival advantage for patients with moderate aortic stenosis but not for those with mild aortic stenosis.     

Aortic valve replacement in patients 70 years and older

BACKGROUND: Aortic valvular disease is the most common valvular lesion among elderly patients. Because of changing demographics, it has become increasingly frequent. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the only effective treatment for aortic valvular disease. HYPOTHESIS: This study was undertaken to evaluate the results of AVR in an elderly population. METHODS: Data were retrospectively analyzed in 117 consecutive patients (mean age 73.8 years) who underwent AVR between 1991 and 2002. RESULTS: Pure or predominant severe aortic stenosis was present in 108 patients. Nine patients had severe aortic regurgitation. Before valve replacement, 62.4% of the patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III-IV. A bioprosthesis was implanted in 62.4% of the patients, and 37.6% received a mechanical valve. Concomitant cardiac surgical procedures were performed in 25 patients (coronary artery bypass graft in 22, mitral valve replacement in 3). There were 17 deaths, giving a perioperative mortality rate of 14.5%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that repeat surgery for bleeding, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, postoperative respiratory failure, and postoperative acute renal insufficiency were significant independent predictors of operative mortality. Of the 100 hospital survivors, 78 were followed for a mean of 42.9 months. There were six deaths during follow-up; only two of these were cardiac related. Five-year actuarial survival for all patients and for hospital survivors were 70 and 91.1%, respectively. One year post surgery, all patients were in NYHA functional class I-II. CONCLUSION: In a selected patient population, AVR in the elderly is associated with acceptable mortality and morbidity. The outlook for hospital operative survivors is excellent with improved quality of life and an expected survival normal for this particular age.