Changes in dendrites of cortical neurons in experimental alcohol intoxication

Dendrites of cortical neurons were studied in rats in the different stages of alcohol intoxication. Two categories of changes in the dendrites develop under these circumstances: destructive and compensatory. The dynamics of these changes depends on the periods of alcohol intoxication and individual differences in the central nervous system of the animals.Brain Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. K. Bogolepov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 87–89, January, 1978.     

Effects of saltwort plants on blood plasma lipids in rats during chronic alcohol intoxication and after ethanol withdrawal

Saltwort plants (salsocollin) ameliorated plasma contents of total lipids, triacylglycerols, and phosphatidylcholine in rats with alcohol intoxication, but had no effect on cholesterol and total phospholipid levels. Salsocollin did not prevent the increase in the levels of total lipids and triacylglycerols 3 days after ethanol withdrawal. During abstinence, salsocollin potentiated symptoms of ethanol withdrawal (7 days later) in relation to the content of total phospholipids, but normalized the levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and total lipids. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 6, pp. 665–667, June, 1999     

Changes in neurons of the caudate nucleus in experimental alcoholism

Reversible changes in caudate neurons and their dendrites in line with the components of compensatory reaction in oligodendrocytes are observed in rats during the first 3 weeks of a 12-month alcoholization period. After 2–4 months of alcoholization (the development of dependency), degenerative changes occur in caudate neurons and their dendrites system were evident. By the end of the 12-month period of alcohol intoxication, intensified deafferentation of the dendritic system was observed, suggesting functional insufficiency of the caudate nucleus. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 7, pp. 66–69, July, 1997     

Morphology of cortical structures in cerebral ischemia and its combination with audiogenic seizures

Studies of the sensorimotor and auditory areas of the brain in rats after ligation of the left common carotid artery reveal polymorphous alterations in cortical vessels, neurons, and glial cells. Compensatory reversible alterations constitute the largest group. In cerebral ischemia combined with audiogenic seizures dystrophic and destructive alterations in cortical elements become more significant. Alterations in cortical structures after bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries are more pronounced than those occurring after unilateral occlusion. During the postseizure period after ligation of both arteries, dystrophic and destructive alterations become more severe, while reparative processes are inhibited. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 331–334, September, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of S-adenosyl methionine, ethanolamine, and their combination on lipid composition of rat brain in chronic alcohol intoxication

Brain lipids are studied in rats with chronic alcohol intoxication after injection of S-adenosyl methionine, ethanolamine, and their combination. The levels of total lipids, phospholipids, and cardiolipin are increased and those of sphyngomyelin and cerebrosides-III decreased after a 14-day inhalation of ethanol. Combined administration of S-adenosyl methionine and ethanolamine in chronic alcoholization eliminated ethanol-induced shifts in concentrations of phospho- and glycolipid fractions in rat brain. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 4, pp. 398–400, April, 1998     

Changes in cortical astrocytes in offspring of moderately alcoholized female rats

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 9, pp. 318–321, September, 1993     

Informational capacity of the rat sensorimotor cortex in the postresuscitation period (morphometric analysis of a neuronal population)

The number of neurons was counted in different functional neuronal complexes of the sensorimotor cortex in albino rats in the control and at different times after clinical death caused by asphyxia. A decrease of the number of neurons from 2.5×10⁶ in the control to 1.56×10⁶ toward the 30th day of the postresuscitation period was found in the sensorimotor cortex. The complexes of small neurons in the upper floor (layers II–IV) suffer badly, while the neurons of layer VI are damaged to a somewhat lesser degree and the cells of layer V are minimally altered. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 331–333, March, 1995 Presented by L. V. Poluektov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Glutamic acid in treatment of alcohol intoxication aggravated by ecologically unfavorable factors

Alcohol intoxication aggravated by exposure to ecologically unfavorable factors (methanol and furfural vapors) induced pronounced desynchronization of hematologic processes, dramatic disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism, and considerable structural changes in internal organs. Treatment with glutamic acid reduced pathological manifestations and increased the adaptive capacities of the organism. Functional and morphological changes observed in laboratory animals after treatment with the neurometabolic compound glutamic acid could be classified as reversible. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 321–325, March, 2000     

Structural changes in spiny neurons of the rat striatum after a unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine

A decrease in the profile field of bodies and dendrite branching of neurons is revealed. An increase in dendrite lengths and in the area occupied by the bodies of spiny neurons is demonstrated 4 and 12 months postoperation due to the growth of terminal dendritic segments and increased number and length of unbranched dendrites. The positive changes in striatal spiny neurons after injection of 6-hydroxydopamine are indicative of a high level of their plasticity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol, 117, N ^o 4, pp. 446–448, April, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Study of frequency potentiation mechanisms of cAMP-dependent responses of snail neurons

Translated fromByulleten' Experimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, No. 1, pp. 13–15, January, 1993     

Dynamics of dendritic and transcallosal cortical potentials during hyperthermia

Dendritic and transcallosal potentials in the course of hyperthermia and after restoration of temperature homeostasis were investigated in experiments of waking rabbits exposed in a heat chamber to an air temperature of 45°C. The effect of the high temperature was accompanied by marked depression of the amplitude of the dendritic potential, although by a lesser degree than the transcallosal response. The results are evidence of the direct inhibitory effect of heat on neurons in the various layers of the cortex. Restoration of the function of the cortical neurons after a high degree of hyperthermia is observed 24 h after normothermia is reached.Central Research Laboratory, Rostov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician V. N. Chernigovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 931–933, August, 1976.     

Impulse activity of neurons of the sensorimotor cortex of rabbits with experimental diabetes mellitus

At least three types of spontaneous impulse activity of neurons are identified: single spikes, short bursts of impulses, and alternating periods of single impulses and bursts. In rabbits with experimental diabetes mellitus a marked shift of the middle-frequency distribution of spontaneously-active neurons to higher frequencies is observed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 465–467, May, 1994 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lipid peroxidation after acute intoxication of cats with anthio and the effect of ionol on their survival

Acute intoxication with the organophosphorus pesticide Anthio considerably increases the intensity of lipid peroxidation in Nembutal-anesthetized cats. Pretreatment with the synthetic antioxidant ionol prolongs the survival of the cats. Ionol has no appreciable effect on respiratory and hemodynamic parameters. Lipid peroxidation may contribute to the disturbances caused by Anthio. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 625–628, December, 1996     

Characteristics of the septohippocampal cholinergic GABA-ergic neurons using retrograde marker and immunochemical tests

It is shown that a large number of immunopositive neurons possess hippocampal projections; there are many immunonegative cells on sections as well. The correlation between choline acetyltransferase-and parvalbumin-positive neurons and retrograde and double-labeled neurons is demonstrated to be much the same, thus favoring the method used. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 143–145, February, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences