内镜下套扎术、内镜下硬化剂注射疗法及吻合器痔上黏膜环切术治疗老年Ⅰ～Ⅲ度内痔对比观察

目的 对比观察内镜下套扎术、内镜下硬化剂注射疗法及吻合器痔上黏膜环切术治疗老年Ⅰ～Ⅲ度内痔患者的有效性和安全性。方法 老年内痔患者150例,接受内镜下套扎术治疗40例（套扎组）,接受内镜下硬化剂注射疗法43例（硬化组）,接受吻合器痔上黏膜环切术治疗67例（PPH组）。比较三组患者的一般资料和手术相关指标（手术时间、术中出血量、止痛次数、住院时间、手术费用）、术后24 h及术后1个月疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）。术后1月通过门诊或电话随访患者并发症（术后出血、尿潴留、感染、排便困难、排便失禁、肛门狭窄、肛周水肿、肛门坠胀）发生情况,术后6个月随访评估临床疗效。结果 三组总有效率比较,P>0.05。套扎组、硬化组术后24 h VAS评分较PPH组低（P<0.05）;三组术后1个月VAS评分比较,P>0.05。套扎组、硬化组术后并发症总发生率较PPH组低（P <0.05）。套扎组、硬化组手术时间、术中出血量、止痛次数、住院时间、手术费用均低于PPH组（P<0.05）。结论PPH、ERBL、EIS治疗老年Ⅰ～Ⅲ度内痔临床效果相当;与PPH相比,ERBL、EIS治疗老...     

不同内镜治疗策略对Ⅰ~Ⅲ度内痔疗效的单中心回顾性研究

目的 探讨不同内镜治疗策略对Ⅰ~Ⅲ度内痔的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2018年12月—2020年12月因内痔于武汉大学人民医院行内镜下硬化术或套扎术治疗的107例患者临床资料,并随访其术后不良事件、有效率、满意度。结果 107例患者中Ⅰ度内痔45例（42.06%）,Ⅱ度56例（52.34%）,Ⅲ度6例（5.60%）。在完成内痔内镜下治疗的同时,94.39%（101/107）患者同期完成其他消化道疾病内镜治疗。术后随访3~25个月,中位随访时间5个月。84例患者采用硬化剂原液治疗,术后不良事件8例,总有效率97.61%（82/84）,满意率95.24%（80/84）。9例采用泡沫硬化剂治疗,术后未观察到不良事件,总有效率及满意率均为100.00%（9/9）。11例采用套扎治疗,术后不良事件2例,总有效率81.82%（9/11）,满意率72.73%（8/11）。3例行硬化+套扎联合治疗,术后不良事件2例,总有效率100.00%（3/3）,满意率66.67%（2/3）。硬化术手术耗费总体低于套扎术。进一步对Ⅰ、Ⅱ度内痔的亚组分析显示,对于Ⅰ度内痔患者,硬化术术后疼痛发生率低于套扎术（P<0.05）;对于Ⅱ度内痔患者,两种术式不良事件、有效率及术后满意度方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 内镜下硬化术及套扎术治疗内痔均安全、有效,并可与息肉切除等其他消化道内镜操作同时完成,不显著增加不良事件。     

内镜下三种微创方案治疗内痔的疗效及安全性评价

为了评价内镜下内痔治疗的安全性和有效性, 对中国科学技术大学附属第一医院2018年1月—2020年6月行内镜下治疗且有完整随访资料的166例Ⅰ～Ⅲ度内痔病例进行了回顾性总结, 其中单纯硬化组35例、单纯套扎组104例、套扎联合硬化组27例。结果显示:3组术后均未出现严重并发症, 单纯套扎组和套扎联合硬化组术后肛门疼痛发生率[分别为35.6%(37/104)和33.3%(9/27)]和肛门坠胀感发生率[分别为70.2%(73/104)和70.4%(19/27)]均较高, 但一般均可耐受或经简单处理后缓解;出院前, 3组的患者满意度均达90%以上, 手术接受程度均达95%以上;3组术后3个月时的治疗有效率均在90.0%以上, 术后12个月时的治疗有效率均有不同程度下降, 其中单纯硬化组的治疗有效率最低[74.3%(26/35)], 其他2组的治疗有效率仍能维持在85.0%以上。由此可见, 内镜下微创治疗内痔是一种安全有效的治疗方法, 具有有效改善症状、患者术后满意度和手术接受程度高等特点。     

TST与PPH治疗Ⅲ~Ⅳ度内痔的临床疗效对比分析

目的比较选择性痔上黏膜吻合术（TST）与痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）治疗Ⅲ~Ⅳ度内痔的疗效。 方法回顾性分析郑州人民医院肛肠外科2017年5月至2017年7月间因Ⅲ~Ⅳ度内痔接受TST和PPH共60例住院患者的临床资料。 结果TST较PPH手术,两组疗效相当,均缓解了脱出、便血症状,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但两组在术后并发症上,肛门坠胀感差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而吻合口狭窄差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论TST是治疗非环状Ⅲ～Ⅳ度内痔的一种个体化、微创化、精准化治疗的方法。     

改良PPH术治疗老年重度痔46例临床分析

目的 应用改良吻合器痔上黏膜环切术(PPH术)治疗老年重度痔,观察疗效,总结临床经验.方法 回顾分析我科2007年6月至2009年6月期间应用改良PPH术治疗以肿块脱出及便血为主要症状的46例老年Ⅲ、Ⅳ期痔患者的临床资料和随访结果. 结果 改良PPH术创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快,且对控制出血、防止脱垂以及减少并发症的作用显著,患者满意度达97.3%. 结论 改良PPH术治疗老年重度痔疗效确切、并发症少、术后恢复快,切实可行.     

PPH术治疗孕妇Ⅳ期环状混合痔临床观察

目的观察吻合器痔固定术（PPH术）治疗孕妇Ⅳ期环状混合痔的临床效果。方法采用PPH术治疗孕妇Ⅳ期环状混合痔46例。结果46例术后疼痛迅速缓解,痔核脱出、嵌顿、出血、便秘等症状消失,均未出现流产。术后随访3～12个月,痔无复发,无肛门狭窄、大便失禁等。结论PPH术治疗孕妇Ⅳ期环状混合痔疗效确切、安全。     

应用吻合器治疗重度内痔(附18例分析)

目的　探讨应用美国强生公司生产的 PPH33号痔切除吻合器的应用价值。方法　选择 度、 度内痔病人作 PPH33号吻合器切除术 ,作定期门诊随访。结果　硬膜外麻下截石位 ,经肛门采用进口 PPH33号痔切除吻合器作重度内痔手术 1 8例 ,平均手术时间 9min,术后平均住院 2 d。 1 5例术后无任何疼痛感 ,3例需使用镇痛剂 1～ 3次 ,全组无术后出血 ,术后第 1天已可下地行走。全组均未使用抗生素。随访最长 1例已 1 5个月 ,获随访 1 6例 ,随访率达 88% ,无复发现象。结论　采用吻合器作痔切除具有安全、疗效确切、术后无疼痛、住院期短、恢复快、无需药物治疗的优点。     

内痔套扎加消痔灵注射配合外痔切除术治疗混合痔疗效观察

目的探讨内痔套扎加消痔灵注射配合外痔切除术治疗混合痔的有效性及安全性。方法将120例混合痔患者随机分为两组,治疗组病60例行内痔套扎加消痔灵注射术配合外痔切除术,对照组60例行内痔套扎术配合外痔切除术,观察两组治愈率、术中出血量、术后疼痛、脱线期出血等指标,评价其疗效效果。结果结果显示,两组治愈率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但治疗组术后脱线期出血、胶圈脱落出血等指标均优于对照组(P0.05),术后疼痛、肛门狭窄、创面愈合时间等(P0.05),无明显统计学意义;结论内痔套扎加消痔灵注射配合外痔切除术治疗混合痔,临床效果确切,可以减少混合痔术后并发症。     

内镜下泡沫硬化剂注射联合橡皮圈套扎治疗Ⅱ~Ⅲ度内痔的前瞻性临床研究（含视频）

目的 评价内镜下泡沫硬化剂注射（foam sclerotherapy,FS）联合内镜下橡皮圈套扎（endoscopic rubber band ligation,ERBL）治疗Ⅱ~Ⅲ度内痔的安全性及长期有效性。方法 前瞻性纳入2020年1—12月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院消化内镜中心连续就诊的Ⅱ～Ⅲ度内痔患者,按随机数字法分为ERBL组和FS联合ERBL组。术后24 h行疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale, VAS）,术后1周评估出血程度。随访6个月,评价治疗有效性。结果 共纳入84例患者,年龄（54.4±7.9）岁,男性占57.1%（48/84）,Ⅱ度内痔占73.8%(62/84)。其中ERBL组43例,FS联合ERBL组41例,2组基线资料比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。FS联合ERBL组泡沫硬化剂用量为（13.8±2.5）mL,注射（4.7±1.2）位点;术后24 h VAS为0（0,3）分,低于ERBL组的2（0,4）分(Z=-2.116,P=0.034)。术后1周出血率ERBL组为20.9%（9/43）,FS联合ERBL组为29.3%（12/41）,均以轻度出血为主,出血程度构成差异无统计学意义（U=807.0,P=0.378）。随访6个月,ERBL组和FS联合ERBL组的总有效率分别为81.4%（35/43）和90.2%（37/41）,疗效构成差异有统计学意义（U=684.5,P=0.044）。结论 相比ERBL,FS联合ERBL治疗Ⅱ~Ⅲ度内痔可有效缓解术后肛周疼痛不适,提高长期有效率。     

内镜下皮圈套扎术对胃间质瘤的治疗价值

目的 探讨内镜下皮圈套扎术对胃间质瘤的治疗价值.方法 选择胃固有肌层间质瘤患者29例(间质瘤直径<12 mm),行内镜下套扎治疗,术后行常规内镜及EUS随访.结果 28例患者完全治愈,创面在术后4～6周(平均4.8周)内愈合良好;1例患者瘤体未完全脱落,行再次套扎治疗.1例患者术后出现上消化道出血,行内镜下金属夹止血;其他患者未出现术后并发症.全部随访36～51个月,1例术后3个月复发,腹腔镜下切除;其余病例未见复发.结论 对于<12 mm的胃肠间质瘤,内镜套扎术治疗并进行术后超声内镜系统随访是有效而安全的.     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

小剂量垂体后叶素合并硝酸甘油治疗咯血

目的评价小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗咯血的疗效及不良反应。方法将50例咯血患者随机分为两组,治疗组在常规治疗基础上（n=26）应用小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油;对照组（n=24）在常规治疗基础上仅应用小剂量垂体后叶素。分析其疗效及不良反应。结果48小时后治疗组有效率96.15％（25／26）,对照组有效率58.33％（14／24）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.012）;治疗组对血压影响小,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,对照组能引起血压升高的副作用（P〈0.05）;治疗组出现头晕头痛、胸闷、心悸、腹痛、腹泻、恶心呕吐、出汗、面色苍白等不良反应比对照组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论小剂量垂体后叶素联合硝酸甘油治疗中量咯血比垂体后叶素单药治疗中量咯血疗效明显提高,且能减少垂体后叶素不良反应。     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Complications associated with the treatment of haemophiliacs with inhibitors

To examine the safety profile of products used to treat inhibitor patients unresponsive to factor VIII, a review of published clinical experience was performed. The products evaluated were activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCCs), such as AUTOPLEX® T, porcine factor VIII and recombinant activated factor VII (rVIIa). Safety characteristics included potential for transmission of infectious agents, anamnesis, thrombogenicity, thrombocytopenia and allergic reactions. While viral transmission has been virtually eliminated, the risk is theoretically higher with plasma-derived products such as aPCC and porcine factor VIII than with rVIIa, although contamination of cultured cells is a concern. Anamnesis occurs with aPCCs and porcine factor VIII, and may induce resistance to further therapy with porcine factor VIII. Thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation are very infrequently reported in patients exposed to aPCCs and rVIIa, and never with porcine factor VIII. The latter is occasionally associated with thrombocytopenia, but this uncommonly limits treatment with this agent. Lastly, allergic reactions occur with about equal frequency with all products, but anaphylaxis is mainly a concern after administration of porcine factor VIII. In conclusion, products currently available are reasonably safe. Considerations such as efficacy, availability, ease of administration and cost must also be considered in making treatment choices.