人工肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的 探讨人工肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折的方法、并发症及疗效。方法 对肱骨近端Neer分型4部分骨折12例行人工肩关节置换术，分析期临床疗效。结果 本组12例术后随访3～12年，平均8．6年，其中11例无疼痛，1例有静息痛。肩关节活动度在70％以上者8例，在50％～70％之间者3例。1例肩关节活动度小于50％，假体X线示位置较好，其中6例柄中段有透亮区，无临床症状。无感染、松动、关节不稳等并发症发生。结论 人工肩关节置换治疗肱骨近端4部分骨折，术后肩关节功能恢复满意，能解除疼痛、稳定关节、重建关节功能，是一种有效的治疗方法。     

人工肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的　探索人工肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端严重 3～ 4部分骨折方法。方法　本组 4 5例肱骨近端骨折患者 ,男 14例 ,女 31例 ,年龄 31～ 78岁 ,平均 5 6 1± 7 8岁。 9例Neer分型 4部分和 1例 3部分粉碎性骨折行人工肩关节置换术 :单极人工肩关节 8例 ,双极人工肩关节 1例 ,全肩关节置换术 1例。结果　人工肩关节置换术后随访 2个月～ 4年 ,平均 1 3年。 10例患者 8例完全不疼 ,1例肩关节上举运动痛 ,返修术后缓解。 1例腋神经损伤致三角肌瘫痪 ,肩关节不稳。患者活动范围基本正常。除 1例外 ,其余较满意。假体X线片示置位较好 ,未见透亮区、无松动。结论　对于肱骨近端严重 3～ 4部分骨折 ,人工肩关节置换术是一个可望取得良好疗效的治疗方法。术中应尽可能重建大小结节的解剖复位 ,修复肩袖损伤 ,术后积极的功能康复训练有助于功能改善     

半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折疗效分析

[目的]评估半肩关节置换治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折的疗效并对其影响因素予以分析.[方法]2006年1月～2009年6月,对36例肱骨近端3部分、4部分骨折以半肩关节置换术进行治疗.采用Neer评分和Constant-Murley评分作为术后肩关节功能临床评估标准.以术后真实前后位等比例X线平片上肱骨大结节重建位置、假体位置、肩峰、喙突之间的关系作为影像学评估参数.[结果]所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间18个月(13～38个月).35例(97%)术后肩关节活动时无疼痛或仪有轻度疼痛.末次随访时肩关节平均前屈126°,平均外旋40°,平均内旋至L<,3>椎体水平.根据Neer评分,18例患者对手术结果非常满意,10例对手术结果满意,8例对手术结果不满意.Constant-Murley评分为(68±20)分(20～97分).骨折后1周内手术病例的Neer评分优于1周后进行手术的病例.术后Constant-Mur]ey评分与肱骨偏心星巨呈正相关,与头结节间距(head to tuberosity distance,HTD)呈负相关.[结论]骨折后早期手术有利于术后肩关节功能的恢复.肱骨偏心距和头结节间距是影响半肩置换术后肩关节功能的重要因素.     

肱骨近端骨折--关节置换术后肩关节功能的风险因素

在不同的研究中,不同类型的骨折行肩关节置换术后,导致肩关节功能不佳的风险因素各不相同。最常见的风险因素包括年龄的增加、肱骨大结节移位或截骨术。大多数研究中,肩关节置换术后肩关节功能结果总体良好,但有些研究的质量差,导致方法学评分低。因此,对这些研究的结果应谨慎看待。     

肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折

随着肩关节置换术治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的广泛应用，也出现了许多新的问题，如骨折造成骨性标志的破坏，术中假体放置高度及后旋角度的不确定性，大、小结节未达到解剖复位等，这些都影响了手术的效果和患者的预后。[第一段]     

肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折研究进展

1955年，Neer首次发表肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折的手术方法，并报告其优良率及满意率均为90％左右00]。但亦有文献报道肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端骨折的效果较差，术后可出现肩关节僵硬或疼痛。因肱骨近端骨折发生率较低，故临床处理此类骨折的经验不足。骨折造成骨性标志的破坏、术中假体放置高度及后旋角度的不确定性、大、小结节未达到解剖复位等均可影响肩关节置换术后的疗效及预后。本文拟对人工肩关节置换术的相关问题进行综述。[第一段]     

人工肩关节置换治疗复杂性肱骨近端骨折

从2000年3月至2003年3月共收治复杂性肱骨近端骨折21例，其中2例采用组件型人工肩关节假体置换治疗，临床效果满意，现总结报告如下。     

半肩关节置换治疗高龄肱骨近端四部分骨折的疗效评价

目的 评估半肩关节置换治疗高龄肱骨近端四部分骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月采用半肩关节置换手术治疗的21例高龄肱骨近端四部分骨折的病人资料,其中男4例,女17例,平均年龄76岁（65~89岁）;均为闭合性新鲜骨折;受伤至手术时间平均为5天（3~8天）。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）和Constant-Murley肩关节评分评价手术疗效。结果 21例病人切口均一期愈合。所有病人随访时间超过6个月,其中11例病人随访超过24个月,平均随访时间20个月（6~48个月）。21例病人肱骨大、小结节均愈合。术后6个月,21例病人的VAS评分为（1.24±1.22）分;Constant-Murley评分为（81.10±7.16）分,末次随访时进一步提高为（88.45±4.57）分。进一步研究发现,75岁以上病人术后6个月的VAS评分显著低于75岁以下病人［（0.73±0.90）分 vs. （1.80±1.32）分］,Constant-Murley评分也显著低于75岁以下病人［（78.00±6.83）分 vs. （84.50±6.13）分］,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 半肩关节置换治疗高龄肱骨近端四部分骨折的疗效优良。     

人工肩关节置换术治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的临床分析

目的探讨人工肩关节置换术治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析20例肱骨近端骨折患者,Neer分型3部分骨折4例,4部分骨折16例。均行人工肩关节置换术,术后按Neer评分系统进行疗效评价。结果所有患者随访12～36个月（平均18.6个月）。按Neer评分系统评价临床结果优6例,良11例,可2例,差1例,优良率85%。术后无感染、神经损伤、假体松动和关节周围骨折等并发症发生。假体位置良好。结论人工肩关节置换术疗效可靠,术后能解除疼痛,稳定和重建关节功能,是治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折的有效方法之一。     

人工半肩关节置换治疗肱骨近端粉碎骨折的疗效及影响因素分析

目的 探讨人工半肩关节置换治疗肱骨近端粉碎骨折的疗效及影响因素.方法 对2000年6月至2006年12月采用半肩关节置换治疗的34例肱骨近端粉碎骨折的患者资料进行回顾性研究.除1例为陈旧性骨折外,其余33例均为新鲜骨折.骨折根据Neer分型:三部分骨折6例,三部分骨折伴肩关节脱位4例,四部分骨折18例,四部分骨折伴肩关节脱位3例,肱骨头劈裂性骨折3例.随访采用Neer评分和视觉模拟(VAS)评分,分析年龄、大小结节重建方法、骨折类型、大小结节愈合质量对肩关节主动上举、主动外旋、Neer评分、VAS评分的影响.结果 所有患者获3～5年(平均3.6年)随访,28例无肩痛,5例偶有轻微肩痛,1例有中度肩痛.Neer评分:优14例,良12例,可7例,差1例,优良率为76.5%;肩关节活动范围平均为:上举100°,外旋30°,内旋L5水平;VAS评分平均3.1分.70岁以下年龄组和70岁以上年龄组在肩关节主动上举活动范围平均值和Neer评分平均值比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),解剖重建和重叠重建大小结节两组患者的各项指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),不同骨折类型组患者的各项指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),大小结节完全愈合组和大小结节愈合不良或吸收组的肩关节主动上举活动范围平均值比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.003).结论 人工半肩关节置换术治疗肱骨近端严重粉碎性骨折,疗效满意,但应严格掌握适应证.大小结节重建的质量、患者年龄、手术技巧等可以影响疗效.     

Treatment of comminuted proximal humerus fractures with shoulder hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients

This retrospective study was done to find out the outcome of hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder following comminuted proximal humeral fractures in 20 elderly patients. Their average age was 77.6 years. The average follow-up was 33 months. All patients were reviewed in the outpatient clinic using the Constant Score. The median Constant Score was 47.5. None of the patients had severe pain. Four had moderate and 16 had no or mild pain. Range of movement was not good. The activities of daily living were significantly reduced in patients with moderate shoulder pain. Sixteen patients (80%) were satisfied with the outcome of the management of their shoulder injury. Radiological assessment showed malrotation of the prosthesis and ectopic ossification in one patient each. Osteolysis around the greater tuberosity was noted with three isoelastic prostheses. Seven patients showed proximal migration of the prosthesis although there was no significant difference in functional results. Complications included fatal pulmonary embolism in one patient. Overall, hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder gave good pain relief but there was only moderate functional improvement.     

Position of shoulder arthroplasty and clinical outcome in proximal humerus fractures

Four-part proximal humeral fractures are frequently treated with shoulder replacement. Outcome of this procedure has not been standardized, and there are controversy data on range of motion (ROM) and active function of the shoulder. The aim of this study is to compare shoulder prosthesis position (SPP) in terms of version of humeral head and height of stem with clinical subjective and objective outcome. Fifty patients were treated with shoulder hemiarthroplasty for four-part proximal humeral fracture or fracture-dislocation of the humeral head. Radiological examination and CT-scan were performed preoperatively and at follow-up. Clinical outcome evaluation included active and passive ROM, and subjective perspective collected through SF-36, OSQ, ASES, and DASH. No significant correlation between stem height and clinical outcome were found. The prosthesis version correlates with all subjective questionnaires. The ROM was not correlated with stem height and prosthesis version. SPP involves clinical outcome, with great relevance of implant version.     

Position of shoulder arthroplasty and clinical outcome in proximal humerus fractures

Four-part proximal humeral fractures are frequently treated with shoulder replacement. Outcome of this procedure has not been standardized, and there are controversy data on range of motion (ROM) and active function of the shoulder. The aim of this study is to compare shoulder prosthesis position (SPP) in terms of version of humeral head and height of stem with clinical subjective and objective outcome. Fifty patients were treated with shoulder hemiarthroplasty for four-part proximal humeral fracture or fracture-dislocation of the humeral head. Radiological examination and CT-scan were performed preoperatively and at follow-up. Clinical outcome evaluation included active and passive ROM, and subjective perspective collected through SF-36, OSQ, ASES, and DASH. No significant correlation between stem height and clinical outcome were found. The prosthesis version correlates with all subjective questionnaires. The ROM was not correlated with stem height and prosthesis version. SPP involves clinical outcome, with great relevance of implant version.     

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures

A reverse shoulder arthroplasty is a consideration for the treatment of comminuted four-part proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients. While a reverse TSA should not replace other treatment modalities, it is indicated in elderly patients with fractures that are not amenable to fixation. Immediate stability and relative independence from tuberosity healing are clear advantages, but the complication rate is substantially higher. Larger studies are necessary to clarify appropriate indications.     

肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折的疗效分析

目的 通过与肱骨近端解剖钢板(APHP)和T形钢板进行比较,评价肱骨近端锁定钢板(LPHP)在治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折中的应用价值. 方法 对2008年8月至2010年9月收治的65例肱骨近端粉碎性骨折患者资料进行回顾性分析,男36例,女29例;年龄24～ 70岁,平均39岁.均为NeerⅢ、Ⅳ型骨折,根据内固定方式不同分为3组:LPHP组(36例)、APHP组(19例)和T形钢板组(10例).骨折复位后断端如果有骨缺损,则植入自体骨.比较3组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、愈合时间、骨折愈合率、肩关节功能优良率及术后并发症发生情况等. 结果 LPHP组、APHP组、T形钢板组术中平均出血量分别为( 156.6±42.3) mL、(175.2±41.2) mL、(191.7±39.6) mL,3组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);平均手术时间分别为(86.3±12.3) min、(96.1±13.6) min、(101.2±12.6) min,3组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).所有患者术后随访12～18个月,平均14.5个月.61例获得临床愈合,其中LPHP组36例,DCP组17例,T形钢板组8例,3组骨折愈合率两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);平均愈合时间分别为(10.1±1.2)周、(12.3±1.4)周、(15.4±2.6)周,3组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);有4例发生肱骨头坏死,其中APHP组2例,T形钢板组2例,3组肱骨头坏死发生率两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);肩关节功能评定根据Neer评分标准:LPHP组优32例,良3例,差l例,优良率为97.2％;APHP组优10例,良2例,差5例,优良率为63.2％;T形钢板组良4例,差4例,优良率为40.0％,3组优良率两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 与APHP和T形钢板比较,LPHP既可以牢固固定肱骨近端粉碎性骨折各个骨折块,又保护了肱骨头及骨折端的残留血供,骨折愈合快,术后恢复快,并发症少.     

Treatment of periprosthetic humerus fractures associated with shoulder arthroplasty

The incidence of periprosthetic humerus fracture associated with shoulder arthroplasty is approximately 0.6% to 3%. Fractures of the humerus occur most often intraoperatively and are more common during total shoulder arthroplasty than hemiarthroplasty because of difficulties in gaining access to the glenoid. Osteopenia, advanced age, female sex, and rheumatoid arthritis are medical comorbid factors that may contribute to humerus fractures and associated delayed healing and poorer function. When the humeral prosthetic component is loose or the fracture line overlaps the majority of the length of the prosthesis, revision with a long-stem implant should be considered. When the fracture overlaps the tip of the prosthesis and extends distally, open reduction and internal fixation is recommended. When the fracture is completely distal to the prosthesis and satisfactory alignment at the fracture site can be maintained with a fracture brace, then a trial of nonsurgical treatment is recommended. The primary goals of treatment are fracture union and pain relief. Loss of glenohumeral motion has limited the successful treatment of this challenging problem.     

股骨近端锁定钢板治疗股骨转子下粉碎性骨折

<正>股骨转子下发生骨折后,保守治疗常导致骨不连、骨延迟愈合及骨畸形愈合,且长期卧床会带来褥疮、肺部感染等并发症,目前多主张手术治疗。恢复股骨长度和旋转度,矫正股骨头和颈的成角,恢复适当的外展张力和肌力,对恢复最大限度的行走能力十分必要[1]。大部分