双通道视觉质量系统评估不同方位白内障透明角膜切口手术疗效

目的 探讨不同方位白内障透明角膜切口手术疗效以及双通道视觉质量分析系统在白内障手术前后视觉质量评估中的应用.方法 收集白内障超声乳化联合囊内人工晶状体植入术患者共64例64眼,根据术中透明角膜切口的位置分为A组(透明角膜切口位于双眼颞侧)和B组(采用正上方透明角膜切口).所有入选病例均行标准对数视力评估,双通道视觉质量分析系统检测.比较两组视力、MTF截止空间频率(MTF cut-off)、斯特列尔比值(strehl ratio,SR)、客观散射指数(objective scattering index,OSI)值及对比度为100％、20％、9％时的OQAS值(OQAS value,OV100％、OV20％和OV9％).结果 所有患者术后1d、1周裸眼视力及最佳矫正视力均逐渐上升,较术前差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),1周后视力逐渐趋于稳定;其中A组术后1d、1周裸眼视力及最佳矫正视力均高于同时间点B组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05).术后1个月及3个月两组间裸眼视力及最佳矫正视力无明显差异(P＞0.05).术后1d及1周两组患者OSI值均较术前逐渐下降,各时间点比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P ＜0.05),其中A组术后1 d(2.81±0.89)及1周(1.98 ±0.73) OSI值明显低于B组术后1 d(3.46±1.17)及1周(2.61±1.20)(均为P＜0.05).两组患者术后1个月及3个月与术后1周比较OSI值均无明显差异(均为P＞0.05).术后1d、1周、1个月及3个月两组患者OV9％值均较术前逐渐上升,各时间点比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05),其中A组术后1 d(0.29±0.09)、1周(0.33±0.12)、1个月(0.37±0.14)及3个月(0.42±0.17)均明显高于B组术后1 d(0.24 ±0.10)、1周(0.27 ±0.09)、1个月(0.31±0.09)及3个月(0.34±0.14)(均为P＜0.05);所有患者术后各时间点MTF值、SR值、OV100％值、OV20％值与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).结论 白内障术中采用颞侧角膜切口,术后眼内散射小,视力恢复快,视觉质量高,远期效果有待进一步研究.双通道视觉质量分析系统能进一步量化视觉质量参数,在视觉质量评估方面具有一定优势.     

飞秒LASIK术后早期综合视觉质量的临床研究

目的:评价近视患者接受飞秒LASIK术后早期的综合视觉质量,探讨双通道系统(OQAS)在视觉质量评估中的应用价值.方法:选取我院2014-09/2015-09进行飞秒LASIK手术近视患者48例96眼,使用OQAS检查,记录患者术前、术后1wk,1、3mo共四个时间点的斯特列尔比(Strehl ratio,SR),调制传递函数截止空间频率(modulation transfer function cutoff frequency,MTF cutoff)、眼内客观散射指数(objective scattering index,OSI)三个指标,并从客观方面分析和评价患者手术前后早期的视觉质量.结果:术后3 mo的MTF截止空间频率优于术前,OSI在术后1wk和1mo均比术前高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但术后3 mo恢复至术前水平.利用Pearson线性相关对SR、OSI与MTF截止空间频率进行相关性分析,发现SR、OSI两者皆与MTF截止空间频率具有显著的相关性(P＜0.05)o结论:飞秒LASIK术后视力恢复快,其有效性和安全性良好,MIT截止空间频率、SR、OSI检查结果可作为综合指标来评价临床患者术后的视觉质量.     

非球面人工晶状体植入术后偏心和倾斜与视觉质量的相关性研究

目的：探讨新型眼前节扫频光相干断层扫描仪CASIA2测量年龄相关性白内障患者植入非球面人工晶状体(IOL)术后的偏心和倾斜与视觉质量的关系。

方法：观察性研究。纳入年龄相关性白内障术后1mo随访的患者62例90眼。应用CASIA2于散瞳后测量IOL偏心和倾斜的大小和方向,进行3次测量,取其矢量平均值。再使用KR-1W波前像差仪和双通道视觉质量分析系统(OQAS)进行测量,获取4、6mm瞳孔直径下全眼总高阶像差(tHOA)、球面像差(SA)、彗差(Coma)、客观散射指数(OSI)、调制传递函数截止频率(MTF cut off)和斯特列尔比(SR)等参数。

结果：IOL偏心与4mm瞳孔直径下SA(r=0.347,P=0.001)和OSI(r=0.343,P=0.002)成正相关,与MTF cut off(r=-0.244,P=0.032)呈负相关,与tHOA、Coma和SR无相关。IOL倾斜与4mm瞳孔直径下MTF cut off(r=-0.345,P=0.002)和SR(r=-0.256,P=0.023)呈负相关,与tHOA、SA、Coma、OSI均无相关性。IOL的偏心和倾斜与6mm瞳孔直径下的tHOA、SA、Coma、MTF cut off、SR均无相关性。

结论：年龄相关性白内障患者植入非球面IOL后,除IOL偏心与4mm瞳孔直径下SA呈弱相关性,偏心和倾斜与其余各项高阶像差均无明显相关性,与视觉质量参数OSI值及MTF cut off值弱相关,提示临床医生在精准白内障手术中关注高阶像差及视觉质量。     

双通道视觉分析系统评估配戴角膜塑形镜前后的视觉质量和眼内散射

目的 使用双通道视觉质量分析仪器OQAS-Ⅱ对8～16岁近视患者配戴角膜塑形镜前后的视觉质量和眼内散射变化进行评估.方法 收集2013年4月至10月在天津医科大学眼科医院验配角膜塑形镜患者中随机选取8 ～ 16(12.03±2.56)岁32例患者,屈光度为-1.00～-5.75(-3.77±1.78)DS,散光度数为0～-1.50(-0.45±0.57)DC.患者在配戴塑形镜前、配戴后7d、1个月、3个月分别接受OQAS检查,包括调制传递函数(modulation transfer function,MTF)截止频率、客观散射系数(objective scatter index,OSI)、不同对比度下OQAS值(OV100％、OV20％、OV9％、OV平均).OQAS检查视觉质量时统一使用4 mm瞳孔直径.结果 MTF截止频率配戴前为30.13±11.45,配戴后7d为23.33±6.58,1个月为22.52±7.11;OV 100％配戴前1.01±0.29,配戴后7d为0.81±0.21、1个月0.85±0.18;OV20％配戴前1.06±0.33,配戴后7d为0.87±0.22、1个月0.89±0.20;OV9％配戴前1.14±0.37,配载后7 d 0.88 ±0.23、1个月0.92±0.22;OV平均配戴前1.07±0.32,配戴后7d为0.85 ±0.21、1个月0.89±0.21;OSI配戴前0.84±0.85,配戴后7 d 1.25 ±0.75、1个月1.26±0.90,均有升高(P＜0.01).配戴角膜塑形镜后3个月和配戴前各数据比较差异均无统计学意义(配戴后3个月时MTF截止频率30.59±5.23、OV100％ 0.98±0.24、OV20％ 1.04±0.27、OV9％ 1.10±0.32、OV平均1.04 ±0.27、OSI 0.71±0.36,均为P＞0.05).配戴前后MTF截止频率与眼轴长度均无显著相关性(均为P＞0.05).结论 患者配戴角膜塑形镜后初期视觉质量下降,表现为MTF截止频率和各对比度下OQAS值下降,OSI升高.配戴塑形镜后3个月视觉质量逐渐恢复到配戴前水平.     

不同类型年龄相关性白内障眼内散射光的检测及其临床意义

背景 视力检查是传统的评价视觉质量的标准,但近年来的研究发现,仅用视力指标评价白内障患者术后的视觉质量是不全面的,因此对比敏感度、眼内散射光等相关指标被越来越多地用于白内障患者视觉质量评估的临床应用中. 目的 应用C-quant散射光仪测量不同类型白内障眼内散射光值,探讨白内障形态与人眼视功能损害之间的关系.方法 采用非随机病例对照研究设计.纳入单纯年龄相关性白内障患者40例80眼,根据LOCSⅢ评分标准分为核性白内障22眼、皮质性白内障19眼、混合性白内障23眼、后囊下白内障16眼,应用C-quant测量眼内散射光值,比较不同类型白内障眼内散射光值的差异,并分析不同组内年龄、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)与眼内散射光值的相关性.收集年龄匹配的正常人作为正常对照组. 结果 白内障组共有62眼顺利完成C-quant眼散射光值的检查,完成率为77.5％,正常对照组检查完成率为100％.完成检查的白内障眼平均散射光值为(2.06±0.88) log,正常对照组为(1.25±0.87) log,差异有统计学意义(t=3.251,P＜0.01).核性白内障患者眼内平均散射光值为(1.96±0.42) log,皮质性白内障为(1.91±0.16) log,混合性白内障为(2.05±0.19)log,后囊下白内障为(2.48±0.66) log,差异有统计学意义(F=2.156,P=0.019),其中后囊下白内障产生眼内散射光最高,其次为混合性.核性白内障组眼内散射光值随着年龄的增加而增大,回归方程为Y=0.0010X+1.025(r=0.455,P＜0.05),混合性和后囊下白内障眼内散射光值与BCVA相关性均不明显(r=-0.240、-0.235,P＞0.05),而核性白内障和皮质性白内障组眼内散射光值与BCVA均呈负相关(r=-0.590、-0.697,P＜0.01). 结论 白内障患者术前可以使用C-quant散射光检测仪评估核性和皮质性白内障患者的视觉功能情况,因为后囊下白内障对患者视觉质量产生更大的影响,眩光等症状出现早,应及早进行手术治疗.     

准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术后远期视觉质量的观察

目的:研究接受准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术(Laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)患者的视觉质量在术后数年内是否稳定,应用视觉质量分析系统(Optical Quality Analysis System,OQASⅡ)对LASIK术后远期视觉质量进行评价.方法:从第四军医大学学员中招募志愿者作为受试者,从中选择曾行LASIK手术者35例70眼作为观察组,未行LASIK手术者70例140眼作为对照组,应用OQASⅡ比较近期观察组(LASIK术后2~4a)和远期观察组(LASIK术后5~11 a)的视觉质量,通过设立近期对照组(<22岁)和远期对照组(≥23岁)探讨年龄、用眼习惯等混杂因素对视觉质量的影响,并分别与近期观察组和远期观察组相比较.观察指标为客观散射指数(OSI)、MTF截止空间频率(MTF cutoff)、斯特列尔比值(SR)、100%对比敏感度的OQAS分值(OV100%)、20%对比敏感度的OQAS分值(OV20%)和9%对比敏感度的OQAS分值(OV9%).结果:在术后数年内,观察组的OSI显著高于对照组,而MTF cutoff、SR以及OV100%、OV20%和OV9%显著低于对照组(P<0.05);随术后时间延长,视觉质量基本保持稳定,OSI有一定降低的趋势,而MTF cutoff、SR、OV100%、OV20%、OV9%有一定升高的趋势,但均没有统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:LASIK是矫正近视的常用手术方法,随术后时间延长,因手术一定程度降低的视觉质量有恢复的趋势,但在数年内不能完全恢复,基本保持稳定的状态.OQAS能够对LASIK术后的视觉质量进行定性和定量分析,有助于近视矫正术后视觉质量的分析和手术方案的改进.     

穿透性角膜移植术与板层角膜移植术治疗圆锥角膜术后客观视觉质量比较

目的：探讨采用双通道视觉质量分析系统（OQAS）评估圆锥角膜患者行穿透性角膜移植术（PKP）和 板层角膜移植术（LKP）后的客观视觉质量。方法：前瞻性临床研究。收集2016年1月至2017年12 月在青岛眼科医院因圆锥角膜行角膜移植的患者40例进行研究,其中PKP组23例（24眼）,LKP组 17例（19眼）,术前2组患者最佳矫正视力、屈光度和临床分期差异均无统计学意义,术后随访并应 用OQAS检查术后的客观视觉质量,检查指标包括客观散射指数（OSI）、调制传递函数（MTF）截止 频率、客观对比度视力和泪膜质量OSI变化。分类变量比较采用χ2 检验,组间连续变量比较采用独 立样本t检验。结果：术后随访23～25个月,PKP组和LKP组患者角膜植片均保持透明状态,2组间 最佳矫正视力、球镜度和柱镜度差异均无统计学意义,但PKP组角膜内皮细胞计数明显低于LKP组 （t=3.91,P<0.001）。PKP组的斯特列尔比、20%对比度视力、9%对比度视力以及OSI与LKP组相比, 差异均无统计学意义。PKP组的MTF截止频率和100%对比度视力较LKP组高,差异均有统计学意 义（t=2.58,P=0.01;t=2.66,P=0.01）。泪膜质量OSI在LKP组明显高于PKP组,差异有统计学意义 （t=3.48,P<0.001）。结论：双通道OQAS测量结果表明圆锥角膜患者行PKP术后的客观视觉质量优 于行LKP术后,PKP术后的MTF截止频率和对比度视力高于LKP术后。     

双通道视觉分析系统评估白内障的眼表及视觉质量

目的:通过OQAS视觉质量分析系统对不同类型白内障的眼表和视觉质量进行评估。方法:横断面研究。收集2019-06/2020-06在武汉大学人民医院眼科中心的裸眼视力(UCVA)≤0.5的年龄相关性白内障患者30例30眼,平均年龄71.69±3.79岁;并发性白内障30例30眼,平均年龄61.00±4.56岁;正常对照组30例30眼,平均年龄65.34±4.06岁。由同一位医生对患者的视觉质量进行眼表和视觉质量检查,包括前房深度(ACD)、眼轴(AL)、眼压(IOP)、角膜曲率(K)、客观散射指数(OSI)、MTF截止频率(MTF cut off)、斯特尔比率(SR)、对比度视力检查VA100%、VA20%、VA9%等指标。结果:葡萄膜炎性白内障MTF cut off小于青光眼性白内障(P=0.025),大于眼底病性白内障(P=0.013),大于糖尿病性白内障(P=0.001);青光眼性白内障MTF cut off高于眼底病性白内障(P=0.013),高于糖尿病性白内障(P=0.007);眼底病性白内障MTF cut off高于糖尿病性白内障(P=0.010)。结论:各亚类并发性白内障眼表和视觉质量参数尤其是MTF cut off存在一定差异,临床上应在术前关注白内障类型。     

晶状体功能失调指数在混合型白内障术前评判中的应用

目的探究晶状体功能失调指数(DLI)在混合型白内障中作为术前评判及手术指导中的应用价值。方法选取2021年4月至2022年6月于我院住院的混合型白内障患者为研究对象,共46例(79只眼),所有患者均行白内障超声乳化摘除联合一期人工晶状体植入术,术前记录裸眼视力、晶状体混浊程度,晶状体混浊程度采用LOCSⅡ分级系统对白内障皮质性(C)、核性(N)和后囊性(P)分数评分,分数总和相加作为最终的LOCSⅡ评分指数;采用iTrace系统测量DLI和调制传递函数(MTF)。术中记录超声乳化累积耗散能量(CDE),术后记录1个月裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和术中角膜内皮细胞丢失数,应用相关性检验分析DLI值与各项指标的相关性。结果DLI与术前裸眼视力、LOCSⅡ分级总和呈负相关(r=-0.481,r=-0.465,P<0.001),与MTF值呈正相关(r=0.916,P<0.001),与术中CDE值呈负相关(r=-0.411,P<0.001),与术中角膜内皮细胞丢失数、术后1个月BCVA无明显相关性(r=-0.043,P=0.702;r=0.120,P=0.290);术前logMAR视力与LOCSⅡ分级总和呈正相关(r=0.274,P=0.014)。CDE值与术中角膜内皮细胞丢失数呈正相关(r=0.356,P=0.001)。结论术前测量DLI值能够客观反映混合型白内障的晶状体混浊程度,可以指导混合型白内障病情评估及手术实施。     

应用双通道客观视觉质量分析系统与光线追踪波阵面像差系统分析正常人眼调制传递函数

目的 比较双通道客观视觉质量分析系统(OQASⅡ)与光线追踪波阵面像差系统(iTrace)测量正常人眼调制传递函数(MTF)的一致性,寻找更准确的客观视觉质量评价手段.方法 对比研究.连续收集前往设置在邯郸市永年县东杨庄中心卫生院的邯郸眼病研究检查现场健康受试者进行研究,对排除眼部疾病后的受试者进行散瞳前对比敏感度检查、散瞳后使用OQASⅡ与iTrace测量全眼MTF.比较两者在4.0和6.0 mm瞳孔直径下5、10、15、20、25、30周/度(c/d)空间频率下消除低阶像差影响后的MTF均值,对符合正态分布的两种仪器在不同空间频率的MTF测量值进行配对t检验.绘制Bland-Altman图进行一致性评价,并分别对两种仪器的MTF测量值与最佳矫正视力、不同空间频率下对比敏感度进行Spearman秩相关分析.结果 共有163例(251只眼)患者入选本研究,其中男性81例(139只眼),女性82例(112只眼),年龄30 ～ 60岁,平均(44.1±9.7)岁.在4.0 mm瞳孔直径下iTrace在5、10、15、20、25、30 c/d空间频率下的MTF均值分别为0.730±0.138、0.431 ±0.159、0.262±0.120、0.169 ±0.078、0.118 ±0.053、0.094±0.043,OQASⅡ分别为0.347±0.123、0.162 ±0.086、0.072 ±0.049、0.042±0.033、0.026±0.022、0.017 ±0.022,两种仪器的差异均有统计学意义(t=38.72,28.03,27.32,27.59,29.23,28.96;P ＜0.01);在6.0 mm瞳孔直径下,两种仪器的差异也有统计学意义(t =4.60,3.19,9.34,13.41,16.96,20.24;P ＜0.01).Bland-Altman一致性分析法提示两者一致性较差,但在6.0 mm瞳孔直径两者一致性有所提高.iTrace MTF测量值与最佳矫正视力呈负相关(r=-0.139～-0.165,P＜0.01),部分空间频率MTF值与6 c/d空间频率对比敏感度Log值呈正相关(r=0.163 ～0.175),P＜0.05);OQASⅡMTF值与最佳矫正视力呈负相关(r=0.239 ～0.303,P＜0.01),各空间频率MTF值与3、6、12、18 c/d空间频率对比敏感度Log值均呈正相关(r =0.156～0.398,P＜0.01).结论 iTrace与OQAS在正常人眼MTF测量存在明显差异,瞳孔直径较大时两者差值较小;双通道技术为临床人眼光学质量评估提供了一种新的手段.     

Lens opacities after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation

PURPOSE: To describe a case series to determine the incidence of lens opacities after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, CA) for very high ametropias. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen eyes of 170 consecutive eyes with high ametropias in whom lens opacities developed after posterior chamber phakic IOL implant (PCPIOL). INTERVENTION: Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lens opacity appearance, localization, and clinical course. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes developed lens opacities 125 +/- 116 days after phakic IOL implant. All eyes had anterior subcapsular opacities, and two eyes also developed nuclear sclerosis. The anterior opacities did not extend posteriorly within the lens, and there were no posterior subcapsular cataracts. Seventy-one percent of opacities were first seen 相似文献   

Opacity Lensmeter和Pentacam测量的晶状体密度与视力的相关性研究

目的　探讨Opacity Lensmeter（OLM）和Pentacam测量的晶状体密度值以及视力与其之间的相关性。方法　收集年龄相关核性白内障患者81例（81眼）,检查最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity,BCVA）（logMAR）后,分别用OLM和Pentacam测量晶状体密度,分析OLM和Pentacam测量的晶状体密度值及BCVA与其之间的相关性。结果　OLM和Pentacam测量的晶状体密度值与BCVA（logMAR）均呈正相关关系,且Pentacam测量的晶状体密度值与BCVA（logMAR）相关性更高（Z=2.068,P<0.05）。结论　晶状体密度可以反映晶状体混浊程度及视力损害程度。Pentacam比OLM测量的晶状体密度值与BCVA损害程度的相关性更高。     

Prevalence of lens opacities in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the age- and gender-specific prevalence of posterior subcapsular (PSC), nuclear, cortical, and mixed lens opacities in a population-based sample of Latinos 40 years and older. DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Six thousand three hundred fifty-seven Latinos 40 years and older from 6 census tracts in Los Angeles, California. METHODS: A population-based sample of Latinos underwent a complete eye examination, including assessment of presence and severity of lens opacification, using the slit lamp-based Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II). All lens changes (including pseudophakia/aphakia); any nuclear, PSC, and cortical opacities; and nuclear-only, PSC-only, and cortical-only opacities were evaluated. Frequency distributions and chi-square test analyses were used to determine the age- and gender-specific prevalences for each opacity type. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalences of cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular opacities. RESULTS: Of the 7789 eligible subjects, 6357 completed a clinical examination (82% participation rate). Of all participants with LOCS II grading, 20% had all lens changes, 7.6% had cortical-only opacities, 3.5% had nuclear-only opacities, 0.4% had PSC-only opacities, and 5.9% had mixed-type opacities. The prevalence of all types of lens opacities increased with age (P<0.0001). Of all participants with mixed opacities, 49% had monocular visual impairment and 20% had binocular impairment. Of all 6357 participants, 3.9% had undergone cataract extraction in at least one eye. CONCLUSION: Our data provide the first population-based estimates of the prevalence and severity of lens opacities in Latinos. Cortical opacities were the most common type. The high rate of visual impairment from lens opacities suggests that programs that increase access to cataract surgery for older Latinos could help to reduce the burden of visual impairment in the United States.     

Evaluation of visual quality of spherical and aspherical intraocular lenses by Optical Quality Analysis System

AIM: To evaluate the impact of spherical and aspherical intraocular lenses on the postoperative visual quality of age-related cataract patients using Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS). METHODS: Seventy-four eyes with age-related cataracts were randomly divided into spherical and aspherical lens implantation groups. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured preoperatively, one day, one week, two weeks, one month and two months after surgery. A biometric systems analysis using the OQAS objective scattering index (OSI) was performed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in visual acuity (P>0.05) before and after spherical and aspheric lens implantation. There was a negative linear correction between the OSI value and BCVA (r=-0.634, P=0.000), and positive corrections between the OSI value and the lens LOCUS III value of nucleus color (NC), nucleus opacity (NO), cortex (C) and posterior lens capsular (P) (r=0.704, P=0.000; r=0.514, P=0.000; r=0.276, P=0.020; r=0.417, P=0.000, respectively). OSI values of spherical vs aspherical lenses were 11.5±3.6 vs 11.8±3.4, 4.1±0.9 vs 3.3±0.8, 3.5±0.9 vs 2.7±0.7, 3.3±0.8 vs 2.6±0.7, 3.2±0.7 vs 2.5±0.8, and 3.2±0.8 vs 2.5±0.8 before and 1d, 1, 2wk, 1 and 2mo after surgery, respectively. All time points varied significantly (P<0.01) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Aspherical IOLs does not significantly affect visual acuity compared with spherical IOLs. The OSI value, was significantly lower in the aspherical lens group compared with the spherical lens. This study shows that objective visual quality of aspheric IOLs is better than that of the spherical lens by means of OQAS biological measurement method.     

Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor in Cataractous Aqueous Humor and Lens Epithelial Cells

Purpose: To study the characteristics of PEDF in cataractous aqueous humor and its expression in human lens epithelium. Methods: The PEDF concentration in the aqueous humor was measured by enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay in senile (130cases) and congenital (18cases) cataract patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification extraction surgery. Anterior lens capsular specimens were obtained from these patients to count lens epithelial cells (LEC) density. The Lens Opacities Classification System Ⅲ was used to classify the senile cataracts as cortical, nuclear, posterior subcapsular and mixed types of opacity, and quantitative analysis of the nuclear opacities was performed by Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system. Anterior lens capsular specimens from another senile (10cases) and congenital (10cases) cataract were collected for immunofluorescence with polyclonal antibodies specific to human pigment epithelium -derived factor (PEDF). Results:The mean aqueous level of PEDF was(178. 9±87. 5)ng/ml, and there was negative linear correlation of PEDF level and age (r=0. 811, P<0. 001). In senile cases, the aqueous PEDF concentration decreased with increasing nuclear opacities (r=0. 447, P < 0.01) , and the mean PEDF level in nuclear cataract was significantly lower than that in posterior subcapsular opacity (P < 0.01) . PEDF immunostaining was detected in LEC of all capsular specimens. Conclusion : The PEDF level in human aqueous humor is related to age, types of cataracts and lens opacity. PEDF also express in human LEC. The study results suggest PEDF may regulate and/or protect LEC by paracrine and autocrine, and lack of PEDF may play a role in cataractogenesis.     

晶状体密度测量在年龄相关性白内障诊断中的价值探讨

目的探讨应用Pentacam系统测量晶状体密度在不同类型年龄相关性白内障诊断中的价值。方法根据LOCSⅢ将年龄相关性白内障分成核型白内障核混浊度（NO）1～5、核颜色（NC）1～5,皮质型白内障（C）1-4和后囊下型白内障（P）1～4,每级30眼。采用Pentacam系统测量晶状体密度。分析晶状体密度值与LOCSⅢ评分值和LogMAR视力的相关性。结果核型白内障眼的晶状体密度值与LOCSⅢ评分值呈线性正相关（r=0．973,r=0．822）;晶状体密度值与LogMAR视力的相关系数r=0．867。皮质型白内障眼的晶状体密度值与C分级评分值的相关系数r=0．634;晶状体密度值与中央前房深度和前房容积均呈负相关（r=-0．453;r=-0．380）。结论核型白内障的晶状体密度值与LOCSⅢ评分值有良好的一致性,可以反映晶状体混浊程度及视力损害程度。晶状体密度和前房深度的变化可用于评价皮质型白内障的进展程度。     

A Population-based Study of Lens Opactities

Purpose: Age-related lens opacity is the main cause of vision disablitity in elderly population all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and incidence of lens opacity.Methods: 1817 eyes of 932 adults over 45 year-old were sampled randomly from 4 villeges within Doumen, a county located in the south of Guangdong provience, China. The procedure of the examination was performed by ophthalmologists. The lens opacities were graded according to a standarized photo of the Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOGS- II ).Results: The prevalence of lens opacities in nuclear color, nuclear opacity, cortical opacity and subcapsular opacity was 16. 1% , 28.,6% , 30. 3% and 8. 7% , respectively. The frequency of all four types of opacities increased with age. The prevalence of lens opacities in four types was higher in female than that in male. Conclusion: The data we got are important for prevalence of lens opacities of population-based study as well as basic information for coho     

Correlation between clinical, physical and histopathological characteristics of the cataractous lens

• Background: Preoperative evaluation of lcns opacity is used to prcdict surgical qualities of the lens arid the expected improvement in visual acuity. The prescrit study was conducted to ascertain whether preoperative clinical examination findings correlate with actual physical hardness of the lens arid its histopathologic microstructure. • Methods: Two classification systems for clinical evaluation of lcns opacity were compared: simple grading arid the Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II). Physical hardness of 65 lens nuclei extracted manually was measured using a specially designed hydrostatic guillotine. Lens material was then studied by low-magnification inspection of stained nuclei arid by histo logic examination. • Results: Multiple observers' simple grading of lens opacities was almost identical to a single observer's LOCS II evaluation. Hardness of the lens demonstrated high correlation with grading of nuclear sclerosis, but not with cortical or subcapsular opacities. Preoperative visual acuity correlated with lens hardness only in eyes with visual acuity less than 6/24. The lamellar structure of the lens is maintained also in dense nuclear cataract. We did not identify microscopie parameters that correlated with clinical appearance or hardness of the lenses. • Conclusions: Preoperative clinical examination of the eye provides reliable information that can be used to predict the physical qualities of the cataractous 1ens.     

Incidence and progression of lens opacities in the Barbados Eye Studies

OBJECTIVE: To provide 4-year cumulative incidence and progression rates of age-related lens opacities in a population > or =40 years of age, which is mainly of African origin. DESIGN: Cohort study that reexamined surviving members of the population-based Barbados Eye Study 4 years after baseline. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand four hundred twenty-seven members of the Barbados Eye Study cohort (85% of those eligible). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II) was used at the slit lamp. Cumulative incidence was defined as the development of any nuclear, cortical or posterior subcapsular (PSC) opacities (LOCS II scores > or =2) among persons without that opacity type at baseline. Cumulative progression was defined by at least two-step increases in scores among persons with preexisting lens opacities. RESULTS: The incidence of cortical opacities was about five times greater in black than white participants (age-gender adjusted relative risk = 4.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.9-11.4). In the black population, the 4-year incidence rates were 22.2% (20.4%-24.0%) for any cortical, 9.2% (8.2%-10.4%) for any nuclear, and 3.3% (2.7%-4.0%) for any PSC opacities; rates increased greatly with age. Four-year progression rates were 12.5% for cortical, 3.6% for nuclear, and 23.0% for PSC opacities, without consistent pattern by age. Women had a greater risk of cortical and nuclear opacities (P<0.05) than men and greater progression of nuclear opacities. The presence of PSC opacities at baseline seemed to at least double the incidence and progression rates of other opacities. In persons initially opacity free, single cortical opacities were the predominant type to develop at followup. Visual acuity loss frequently accompanied incident opacities. CONCLUSIONS: This longitudinal study provides new population-based data on the natural history of lens opacities. Incidence and progression of opacities, especially of cortical opacities, were high. After 4 years of followup, 1 in 4 to 5 participants developed cortical opacities, 1 in 11 developed nuclear opacities, and 1 in 30 developed PSC opacities. The information obtained attests to the public health impact of age-related cataract, as well as its extent, in this and similar black populations.     

辅助技术在治疗白内障合并角膜混浊手术中的应用

目的：评价在白内障手术中应用包括囊膜染色、虹膜拉钩、虹膜切除等辅助技术治疗白内障合并角膜混浊患眼的术后视觉效果,并分析手术安全性和有效性。

方法：回顾收集2014-01/2019-03在新疆军区总医院全军眼科中心接受白内障超声乳化合并人工晶状体植入术的白内障合并角膜混浊患者105例105眼,所有患者接受白内障超声乳化摘除并人工晶状体植入术。术中应用台盼蓝囊膜染色剂,并观察前囊膜染色情况,连续环形撕囊成功率,晶状体后囊破裂及人工晶状体囊袋内植入情况。并于术后1d,1wk,1、3mo对患者进行随访,观察术中撕囊成功率,术前、术后的最佳矫正视力(BCVA,LogMAR),术后并发症等。

结果：患者均接受白内障超声乳化吸除合并人工晶状体植入术。术中通过应用台盼蓝囊膜染色剂(台盼蓝)染色前囊膜辅助成功完成所有连续环形撕囊,并采取了包括应用虹膜拉钩及虹膜切开术等其他措施。将可折叠式人工晶状体植入105眼。术后追踪观察3mo,术眼术后BCVA为0.82±0.10,与术前BCVA(3.12±0.14)比较有差异(t=174.893,P<0.01)。

结论：白内障超声乳化摘除术能使白内障合并角膜混浊患者的视力得到安全有效的提高。辅助技术如囊膜染色、虹膜拉钩、虹膜切除等的应用,能有效降低白内障合并角膜混浊患者的白内障手术风险,提高手术安全性,增加手术成功率。