非淋球菌性尿道炎患者泌尿生殖道衣原体和支原体检测及耐药性分析(附3280例报告)

目的 探讨衣原体(CT)和解脲支原体(UU)以及人型支原体(MH)在泌尿外科门诊及性病门诊患者中感染情况及支原体的耐药情况.方法 采用英国UNIPATH公司生产的Clean View衣原体快速免疫测定试剂盒和中山市天洋电子生物传感器有限公司生产的支原体培养鉴定药敏试剂盒,对3280例非淋球菌性尿道炎(GNU)患者分泌物进行检测.结果 3280例非淋球菌性尿道炎患者,检出单纯CT阳性241例,占7.35%,单纯UU阳性1163例,占35.46%;单纯MH阳性14例,占0.43%.UU、CT总检出率分别是42.77%,11.59%;UU+MH阳性122例,占3.72%.女性感染率明显高于男性(P<0.01);UU、MH、UU+MH对阿奇霉素、交沙霉素、强力霉素、罗红霉素、美满霉素较为敏感.结论 泌尿生殖道支原体、衣原体感染率较高,耐药率存在一定差异,药物治疗支原体感染以阿奇霉素、交沙霉素最好,其次是强力霉素、罗红霉素、美满霉素.     

2735例非淋菌性尿道炎患者支原体、衣原体检测及耐药性分析

目的探讨非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)患者支原体、衣原体感染情况及抗生素的耐药率.方法采用郑州安图生物公司支原体鉴定药敏一体试剂盒和Clearview男女两用衣原体快速检测试剂盒对2735例NGU分泌物进行检测,同时测定支原体对抗生素的耐药性.结果2735例NGU患者检测出单纯UU阳性969例占35.43%,单纯MH阳性12例占0.44%,UU+MH阳性102例占3.73%,单纯CT阳性201例占7.35%,UU、CT总检出率分别为43.84%、11.59%,女性感染率显著高于男性(P＜0.01);UU、MH、UU+MH对克拉霉素、交沙霉素、强力霉素、美满霉素较为敏感.结论泌尿生殖道支原体感染主要以UU为主,CT、U-U、MH、UU+MH、UU+CT次之,单纯UU、MH和UU+MH的耐药率存在一定差异,治疗支原体感染以克拉霉素、交沙霉素最好,其次为强力霉素、美满霉素.     

泌尿生殖道标本衣原体、支原体检测及支原体耐药性分析

目的 了解本地区泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体(CT)、解脲支原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)的感染情况及支原体耐药情况,指导临床合理用药.方法 衣原体采用胶体金法、支原体采用培养与药敏分析法,对201份泌尿生殖道标本进行CT、Uu和Mh 3种病原体检测.结果 (1)CT检出率为8.96%(18/201);支原体感染者中单纯Uu检出率为34.33%(69/201),单纯Mh检出率为1.49%(3/201);Uu与Mh混合感染率为4.48%(9/201).(2)支原体对罗红霉素(ROX)、司帕沙星(SPA)、左旋沙星(LEV)、氧氟沙星(OFL)、阿齐霉素(AZI)耐药率均＞60%,较敏感的是交沙霉素(JOS)、强力霉素(DOX)、美满霉素(MIN)和克拉霉素(CLA);Mh及Uu与Mh混合感染者耐药率最高,至少对7种以上抗生素耐药,其中有1株对所有9种抗生素均耐药.结论 (1)Uu、CT、Mh是泌尿生殖道感染的主要病原体,其感染率Uu＞CT＞Uu与Mh＞Mh.(2)支原体的耐药菌株常见,临床治疗应根据药敏结果选择敏感药物.     

2735例非淋菌性尿道炎患者支原体、衣原体检测及耐药性分析

目的探讨非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)患者支原体、衣原体感染情况及抗生素的耐药率。方法采用郑州安图生物公司支原体鉴定药敏一体试剂盒和Clearview男女两用衣原体快速检测试剂盒对2735例NGU分泌物进行检测,同时测定支原体对抗生素的耐药性。结果2735例NGU患者检测出单纯UU阳性969例占35.43%,单纯MH阳性12例占0.44%,UU+MH阳性102例占3.73%,单纯CT阳性201例占7.35%,UU、CT总检出率分别为43.84%、11.59%,女性感染率显著高于男性(P<0.01);UU、MH、UU+MH对克拉霉素、交沙霉素、强力霉素、美满霉素较为敏感。结论泌尿生殖道支原体感染主要以UU为主,CT、U-U、MH、UU+MH、UU+CT次之,单纯UU、MH和UU+MH的耐药率存在一定差异,治疗支原体感染以克拉霉素、交沙霉素最好,其次为强力霉素、美满霉素。     

600例泌尿生殖道感染患者支原体培养及药物敏感状况分析

目的了解门诊泌尿生殖道炎症患者支原体感染情况及对抗生素的耐药率。方法对300例女性及300例男性首诊患者进行支原体培养及药物敏感试验,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果女性单纯解脲脲原体(UU)阳性153例,占51%;单纯人型支原体(MH)阳性6例,占2%;UU合并MH60例,占20%;男性单纯解脲脲原体(UU)阳性48例,占16%;单纯人型支原体(MH)阳性12例,占4%;UU合并MH12例,占4%;女性感染率显著高于男性(P<0.05)。UU、MH及UU合并MH对强力霉素、美满霉素和交沙霉素较为敏感。结论UU在泌尿生殖道感染患者中感染率较高,单纯UU、MH及UU合并MH的耐药率存在一定差异,治疗支原体感染应根据药敏试验结果针对单纯性感染和混合感染选用敏感性较高的大环内酯类和四环素类抗生素。     

女性患者102例生殖道支原体感染检测及耐药分析

目的了解本地区女性患者泌尿生殖道支原体感染及耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。方法采集102例女性支原体感染患者的宫颈分泌物标本,进行支原体培养、鉴定和药敏试验。结果 102例女性支原体感染患者的宫颈分泌物培养,单纯解脲支原体(UU)阳性63例(61.76%),单纯人型支原体(MH)阳性6例(5.88%),UU/MH同时阳性33例(32.35%)。药敏结果:单纯UU、MH感染以及UU/MH混合感染都对强力霉素、美满霉素和交沙霉素具有较高的敏感性。结论本地区女性患者生殖道支原体感染以UU为主,UU/MH混合感染次之,单纯MH感染最低;临床治疗应首选强力霉素、美满霉素和交沙霉素;支原体培养和药敏试验对指导临床合理用药具有重要意义。     

泌尿生殖道分离的226株支原体药敏结果分析

[目的]了解由泌尿生殖道分离的226株支原体对12种抗生素的体外敏感性.[方法]使用支原体培养、鉴别、计数、药敏试剂盒对泌尿生殖道支原体培养标本进行解脲支原体(UU)和人型支原体(MH)检测及药敏试验.[结果]226株支原体,UU、MH、UU合并MH感染分离率分别为85.96%,8.78%,5.26%.UU和MH均对甲砜霉素、克拉霉素、强力霉素和阿奇霉素抗生素较为敏感;UU合并MH感染对强力霉素、甲砜霉素较为敏感.[结论]UU与MH有相同的耐药谱,UU合并MH混合感染对抗生素的耐药性增强.     

解脲支原体和沙眼衣原体感染与孕囊枯萎的相关研究

目的研究解脲支原体 (UU)和沙眼衣原体 (CT)感染对孕囊枯萎的影响。方法应用支原体培养和衣原体抗原免疫快速法对 10 2例囊枯萎组 (观察组 )和 86例早孕人工流产 (对照组 )宫颈分泌物进行UU和CT的检测。结果观察组宫颈分泌物UU和CT阳性检出率分别为 36 .2 %和 2 0 .6 % ,均明显高于对照组(P <0 .0 1)。观察组UU和CT复合感染率为19 .6 % ,也较对照组明显升高 (P <0 .0 1)。术后随访 2年 ,UU和CT阳性组其输卵管妊娠的发生率升高。结论UU和CT感染与孕囊枯萎密切相关。     

1193例泌尿生殖道支原体感染及药敏情况分析

目的探讨泌尿生殖道解脲支原体(UU)和人型支原体(MH)的感染及耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法采用支原体培养鉴定药敏试剂盒,对1193例非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)患者分泌物进行检测。结果 1193例NGU患者,支原体阳性464例,感染率为38.90%;其中单纯UU阳性406例,占34.03%;单纯MH阳性7例,占0.58%、UU+MH阳性51例,占4.27%;UU、MH总检出率分别是38.31%、4.86%。女性感染率高于男性(P<0.01)。UU、MH和UU+MH对多西环素、米诺环素、交沙霉素、卡那霉素较为敏感。对于MH和UU混合感染者,各种药物的体外敏感性显著降低。结论泌尿生殖道支原体感染以UU为主,单纯UU、MH和UU+MH的耐药率存在一定的差异。药物治疗支原体以多西环素、米诺环素最好、其次是交沙霉素和卡那霉素。     

女性生殖道支原体感染及耐药性分析

目的 了解女性生殖道解脲支原体(UU)和人型支原体(MH)感染及耐药性情况.方法 对疑为支原体感染的阴道分泌物标本采用支原体鉴定药敏试剂盒进行检测.结果 4 822例标本经培养鉴定,共检出1 709例阳性,总检出率为35.44%;其中单纯UU阳性率24.16%(1 165/4 822)明显高于单纯MH阳性率1.76%...     

我国首次成功分离穿通支原体和发酵支原体的报告

本文报告了用病原学方法 ,了解我国AIDS患者和HIV感染者中是否存在穿通支原体、发酵支原体和梨支原体的感染。采集咽部分泌物及尿液 ,接种在SP - 4培养基作分离培养。阳性培养物用代谢抑制试验和聚合酶链反应等加以鉴定。从 2例AIDS患者的尿液中分离到 1株穿通支原体 ,7例HIV感染者尿液中分离到 1株发酵支原体。从病原学上首次证实 ,江苏地区AIDS患者和HIV感染者中存在穿通支原体和发酵支原体的感染 ,在艾滋病防治工作中应予重视。     

血液病患者血液中肺炎支原体和发酵支原体的检出

目的　探讨血液病患者血液中肺炎支原体和发酵支原体的分离检出。方法　分别对101例确诊为血液病患者和65名非血液病对照者的血液标本进行肺炎和发酵支原体分离培养和聚合酶链反应鉴定,阳性标本进一步经电镜确认。 结果　101例血液病患者血液标本中共计检出肺炎和发酵支原体17例（16.8%）,其中肺炎支原体9例（8.9%）,发酵支原体8例（7.9%）,体检对照组血液中未检出肺炎和发酵支原体（0.0%）,组间差异有统计学意义（IP/I0.01）。 结论　血液病患者血液中肺炎支原体和发酵支原体的检出显著高于非血液病对照组,确切机制有待进一步探讨。     

Differential detection of Mycoplasma pulmonis and Mycoplasma arthritidis with species-specific DNA probes.

Mycoplasma pulmonis and Mycoplasma arthritidis are both significant causes of infection in colonies of rodents, which are common experimental animals for biomedical research. Since differential diagnosis has proven difficult due to similar homology between these two murine Mycoplasma species, the development of a reliable identification system is of importance. In this study DNA probes specific for M. pulmonis and M. arthritidis were generated after cross-hybridization between two reference strains and cloning of the specific DNA fragments into the pGEM-3 blue vector. Two clones, harboring plasmids pGEM-89 (specific for M. pulmonis) and pGEM-31 (specific for M. arthritidis) were selected based on their specificity upon colony hybridization and were used as species-specific probes. These probes could detect in dot blots 150 pg of M. pulmonis DNA or 300 pg of M. arthritidis DNA with no visible hybridization with up to 100 ng of heterologous DNA. When hybridized with dot blots of culture grown organisms, the pGEM-89 probe produced a positive signal with all 12 isolates of the M. pulmonis strains tested, but none of the four M. arthritidis, and vice versa for the pGEM-31 probe. We thus anticipate that these probes will be useful for routine detection and identification of mycoplasmal infections of rodents.     

肺炎支原体IgM、肺炎支原体DNA检测在支原体肺炎诊断中的应用

目的探讨肺炎支原体IgM、肺炎支原体DNA两种实验室检测方法在支原体肺炎诊断中的应用。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清肺炎支原体IgM,用聚合酶联反应(PCR)法检测肺炎支原体DNA,分析两种实验方法的一致性。结果肺炎支原体IgM、肺炎支原体DNA检测的阳性率分别为77.94%、80.88%。结论肺炎支原体IgM、肺炎支原体DNA这两种试验一致性较好,可以根据临床需求和实验室条件选择不同的检验方法。     

In Vitro Susceptibility of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis to Fifty-One Antimicrobial Agents

Cefaclor (CCL), a new cephalosporin, was tested in vitro against 602 (271 anaerobic and 331 aerobic) clinical isolates in comparison with cephalothin, cefazolin, cephradine, and cefamandole. Sixteen micrograms of CCL per ml inhibited 68% of all aerobes tested and 80% of the 211 enteropathogenic organisms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella) isolated from cases of infantile diarrhoea. CCL inhibited 88% of gram-positive anaerobic cocci and 72% of Bacteroides other than B. fragilis at a concentration of 16 μg/ml. B. fragilis and Clostridia were resistant to CCL. Increased inoculum of E. coli from 10⁵ to 10⁹ increased the minimal inhibitory concentration of CCL and cefamandole by fourfold against 7 of the 64 strains tested. All seven were beta-lactamase negative. No antimicrobial synergism was noted between CCL and penicillin. The in vitro efficacy of CCL, an oral cephalosporin, against enteropathogenic E. coli, if proven safe, may be tested in vivo against such infections.     

Cross reactivity of Mycoplasma pulmonis and Mycoplasma arthritidis antigen strains to anti-Mycoplasma pulmonis antibody in the sera of Mycoplasma pulmonis infected rats

Reactivity of Mycoplasma pulmonis (Mp) antigen strains to anti-Mp antibody in the sera of Mp infected rats was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody titers to 7 kinds of Mp antigens were measured in the sera of 20 Mp isolated rats and 20 Mp free rats by ELISA and complement fixation test (CF test). ELISA showed that there was no difference in the antibody titer of the same serum among 7 Mp antigen strains employed, and the main cross reaction to anti-Mp antibody took place on the common recognition site (common antigen) in all the Mp antigens. The CF test suggested that the antibody titers largely differed due to the kind of Mp antigen strains, and the detection rate was between 0 and 60%, presumably due to the difference in the reactivity or binding ability of complements but not due to the difference in the cross reactivity of Mp antigen to anti-Mp antibody. When the cross reactivity of anti-Mp antibody to Mycoplasma arthritidis (Ma) antigen was examined in the sera of 33 Mp isolated rats, the CF test exhibited the negative results, but ELISA showed 4 positive cases to support the cross reactivity of anti-Mp antibody to Ma antigen.     

Rapid differential diagnosis of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis based on a multiplex-PCR and a PCR-RFLP

The membrane-protein 81 gene (mb-mp81) of Mycoplasma bovis was cloned, sequenced and compared to membrane-protein 81 gene (ma-mp81) of Mycoplasma agalactiae. After alignment of both sequences, specific primers pairs were designed from variable or unchanging nucleotide segments. In this study, we describe the development and optimization of a multiplex-PCR (MPCR) for the rapid detection of M. agalactiae and M. bovis strains. In addition, a simple and rapid PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, using the restriction enzymes AluI, DraI, RsaI and XbaI, is described to distinguish between both species. The results suggest that MPCR and PCR-RFLP assays could be used as an alternative method in routine diagnosis for rapid and specific simultaneous detection of M. agalactiae and M. bovis.     

Flow cytometric determination of the effects of antibacterial agents on Mycoplasma agalactiae, Mycoplasma putrefaciens, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony type

Flow cytometry together with SYBR green I and propidium iodide was used to study the effects of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, and tylosin on four mycoplasma species. Inhibition of mycoplasma growth could be detected by as early as 3 h after the start of treatment. The strongest effect was observed with enrofloxacin- and ciprofloxacin-treated cells.